Energy Security In India Research Articles

Conventional, Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Perspective for Energy Security in India

Conventional, Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Perspective for Energy Security in India

"Socio-economic Compulsions on Climate Change and Energy Security of India"

"Socio-economic Compulsions on Climate Change and Energy Security of India"

"Socio-economic Compulsions on Climate Change and Energy Security of India"

"Socio-economic Compulsions on Climate Change and Energy Security of India"

Sustainable energy security of India based on energy supply

This paper deals with the security issue of energy producing raw materials which is primarily related to national and human security. 4-A’s framework such as Availability, Accessibility, Affordability and Acceptability are the four key parameters which define energy security clearly. Indian oil/coal materials are playing effective role to make energy security in India. To analyze the risk or threats and risk minimization techniques, we have considered three perspectives on energy security which are Robustness, Sovereignty and Resilience. These terms have been discussed in this article briefly. In last ten years consumption of coal and crude oil has multiplied in comparison to their production, and because of that a production-consumption gap is created. To fulfill this gap, this paper also discusses how oil/coal material is important in generation of energy, quality of Indian coal, aboard in present scenario. Rely on import of primary energy sources increases the risk on energy security of India. Vulnerability is another important jargon that defines import dependence of any fuel as well as vulnerability of crude oil and natural gas in India. India can be a more energy secured country as the preamble of the Atmanirbhar Bharat speaks the volume within itself.

Energy Security of India: Role of International North-South Transport Corridor

Energy Security of India: Role of International North-South Transport Corridor

Pengaruh Industri Batubara Terhadap Polusi Udara dalam Keseimbangan World Air Quality Index in India

The research was conducted on the researcher's curiosity on various environmental problems that arise as a result of the condition of the earth that is no longer able to sustain all the needs and desires of humans are infinite. But to avoid too much discussion, research will focus on how coal's role in contributing to high levels of air pollution in India. Air pollution is one of the environmental problems that often gets the world's attention. Talking about air pollution must be very closely related to the State of India, whose position as the country with the worst levels of pollution in the world. The method in this study uses a type of qualitative method with the source of data in the form of a literature review that is journal articles that have relevance to the research topic. The data obtained through the literature review will then be carried out data analysis with data reduction stages, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that coal is the belle of fuel used by India as a support for the large energy needs of Indian society. Indeed, coal's natural resources have a positive impact on the economic situation and conditions of energy security in India, but there are more urgent things that need attention that is related to the negative impact of coal use in the form of pollution which is very dangerous for the survival of Indian society. Therefore, to protect the public from the worsening air conditions in India requires serious efforts from various groups, especially the government

Overseas equity oil development for augmenting energy security: Study of the critical factors in Indian context

This study explores the issues of equity oil development strategy for augmenting energy security and attempts to analyse the factors influencing cross border equity oil development. India’s multi-pronged energy policy strategies comprise enhancing domestic exploration, supply diversification, demand side management, and securing long term fossil fuel supplies through overseas equity oil development. Any one of the strategies shall not work in isolation and therefore the component of equity oil development assumes significance to India’s energy security ecosystem. This paper employs a quantitative approach taking into account the output of literature review and questionnaire survey to analyse the determinants influencing equity oil development from theoretical and practical perspectives. The study concludes that equity oil development in the Indian energy security context are influenced by long term stable policy, concessional state funding, resource pooling, decentralisation, and knowledge and technology transfer. The findings in this paper and analysis would assist policy makers to understand the key determinants for geo-strategic planning for securing energy resources in the long term towards augmenting energy security of India.

Improvement of energy forecasting model to safeguard energy security in India

India is one of the countries that are developing at a very fast rate. To meet the need for this rapid growth, there is a huge need of energy. India is still predominantly an agricultural based economy. To meet this huge energy need, generation of power is needed at an exorbitant rate. The power generation of India is majorly dependent on coal. India imports coal from other countries which results in an increase in the per unit cost of energy produced. Thermal power plants also have a major disadvantage of producing greenhouse gases and polluting the environment. This has resulted in an increased stress in renewable energy generation. To ensure energy security, there is a need for finding out the right mix of energy produced by various energy sources. A model is being developed to create a long term energy plan considering the Indian economy to ensure energy security.

Extracting environmental justice: Countering technical renditions of pollution in India’s coal industry

Coal extraction and processing remains at the heart of energy security in India. As ever larger amounts of electricity are produced to support overall economic growth, this creates environmental justice challenges as people in the coal-producing areas are exposed to perilous air pollution levels. Federal technocrats shape the environmental governance of coal, prioritizing energy security and de-emphasizing the environmental health risks associated with coal extraction and processing. We argue that these technocrats render the pollution technical to continue the expansion of the nation’s energy supply. In response, pollution-affected people in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh increasingly attempt to take technical approaches to contest high levels of pollution to counter the government’s claims about acceptable levels of pollution. This tactic relies on an increased ability to counter expert pollution data collection and analysis. The approach requires connections with wider civil society networks who have the technical and legal knowledge required to quantify and judicially contest air pollution practices. Given conditions of great regulatory uncertainty in spite of well-developed legal norms, we conclude that a strategy based on long-term community cohesion and awareness-building, combined with independent air pollution monitoring by the impacted stakeholders, are crucial for sustained coal pollution mitigation.

Relevance of Clean Coal Technology for India’s Energy Security: A Policy Perspective

Climate change mitigation regimes are expected to impose constraints on the future use of fossil fuels in order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In 2015, 41% of total final energy consumption and 64% of power generation in India came from coal. Although almost a sixth of the total coal based thermal power generation is now super critical pulverized coal technology, the average CO2 emissions from the Indian power sector are 0.82 kg-CO2/kWh, mainly driven by coal. India has large domestic coal reserves which give it adequate energy security. There is a need to find options that allow the continued use of coal while considering the need for GHG mitigation. This paper explores options of linking GHG emission mitigation and energy security from 2000 to 2050 using the AIM/Enduse model under Business-as-Usual scenario. Our simulation analysis suggests that advanced clean coal technologies options could provide promising solutions for reducing CO2 emissions by improving energy efficiencies. This paper concludes that integrating climate change security and energy security for India is possible with a large scale deployment of advanced coal combustion technologies in Indian energy systems along with other measures.

The ‘Carbon Tax Package’: An Appraisal of its Efficiency in India’s Clean Energy Future

The Indian Clean Environment Cess (formerly, the Clean Energy Cess), levied since 2010 and increased from Rs 50 a tonne to Rs 400 a tonne, has been frequently referred to as ‘India’s carbon tax’. Levied on coal and coal derivatives (lignite and peat), the Cess is aimed at promoting clean energy initiatives and research and development. In addition to the Cess, the excise duty imposed on petrol and diesel has been referred to as an implicit carbon tax in India. This article primarily examines the fragmented green tax regime in India, consisting of the Cess, the excise on petrol and diesel, and other tax initiatives in the country, to understand what kind of environmental tax policy India currently has. It argues that, while the Cess is desirable in the absence of any fossil fuel taxes or charges in the country, there are certain elemental dysfunctionalities in the way it is levied, as well as its coverage. The article also identifies problem areas in the way the other ‘green taxes’ are levied in the current ‘carbon tax’ regime, and offers certain solutions/recommendations since the failure to address policy gaps will have a long term impact on the future of clean energy and energy security in India.

India’s land grab deals in Ethiopia: Food security or global politics?

The so called “land grabbing” has gained increased attention since the outburst of the global financial and food crisis triggering a new trend of acquiring land for outsourcing production of food, feed and agrofuels. India as one of the newly emerging economies is investing heavily in farmland as it faces enormous challenges to sustain its rising population and growing energy demands. This paper analyses Indian land acquisitions in Ethiopia, looking into India’s motivations to acquire farmland and what incentives does Ethiopia have to lease out land to large investors. The paper draws on trade data between India and Ethiopia, expert interviews, studies and reports on the use and productivity of grabbed land. In view of the land grabbing and food security debate, the paper critically evaluates whether acquiring farmland in Ethiopia can indeed contribute to food and energy security in India.

Progress of renewable energy in India

Energy holds key to economic growth and prosperity of India. Currently, India has very high-energy import dependence, especially in the case of crude oil (80%) and natural gas (40%). Even coal import has been increasing over the years. Considering India's population growth, emphasis on manufacturing, production, and service industry, energy consumption is bound to increase. More fossil energy consumption means greater dependence on energy import leading to widening trade deficit and current account deficit. Therefore, exploitation of indigenous renewable energy production is necessary. The paper reviews the progress and growth of renewable energy production, distribution, and consumption in India. The paper highlights some of the enablers of renewable energy in India. The authors discuss the opportunities and challenges of increasing share of renewable energy to reduce energy import and address issues of energy security in India. The findings suggest that India is ready for a quantum leap in renewable production by 2022.

Energy security for India: Biofuels, energy efficiency and food productivity

The emergence of biofuel as a renewable energy source offers opportunities for significant climate change mitigation and greater energy independence to many countries. At the same time, biofuel represents the possibility of substitution between energy and food. For developing countries like India, which imports over 75% of its crude oil, fossil fuels pose two risks—global warming pollution and long-term risk that oil prices will undermine real living standards. This paper examines India's options for managing energy price risk in three ways: biofuel development, energy efficiency promotion, and food productivity improvements. Our salient results suggest that biodiesel shows promise as a transport fuel substitute that can be produced in ways that fully utilize marginal agricultural resources and hence promote rural livelihoods. First-generation bioethanol, by contrast, appears to have a limited ability to offset the impacts of oil price hikes. Combining the biodiesel expansion policy with energy efficiency improvements and food productivity increases proved to be a more effective strategy to enhance both energy and food security, help mitigate climate change, and cushion the economy against oil price shocks.

Role of energy efficiency in climate change mitigation policy for India: assessment of co-benefits and opportunities within an integrated assessment modeling framework

Addressing the challenges of global warming requires interventions on both the energy supply and demand side. With the supply side responses being thoroughly discussed in the literature, our paper focuses on analyzing the role of end use efficiency improvements for Indian climate change mitigation policy and the associated co-benefits, within the integrated assessment modeling framework of Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). Six scenarios are analyzed here in total- one no climate policy and two climate policy cases, and within each of these one scenario with reference end use energy technology assumptions and another with advance end use energy technology assumptions has been analyzed. The paper has some important insights. Final energy demand and emissions in India are significantly reduced with energy efficiency improvements, and the role of this policy is important especially for the building and transportation sector under both reference and climate policy scenarios. Though energy efficiency policy should be an integral part of climate policy, by itself it is not sufficient for achieving mitigation targets, and a climate policy is necessary for achieving mitigation goals. There are significant co-benefits of energy efficiency improvements. Energy security for India is improved with reduced oil, coal and gas imports. Significant reduction in local pollutant gases is found which is important for local health concerns. Capital investment requirement for Indian electricity generation is reduced, more so for the climate policy scenarios, and finally there are significant savings in terms of reduced abatement cost for meeting climate change mitigation goals.

India’s energy security: A sample of business, government, civil society, and university perspectives

This article explores the concept of energy security perceived and understood by a sample of government, business, civil society, and university stakeholders in India. Based on a literature review, the authors hypothesize what energy experts suggest energy security is for India. The article then tests these hypotheses through the use of a survey completed by 172 Indian respondents. The article begins by describing its methodology before summarizing the results of the literature review to distill seven working hypotheses related to energy security in India. These hypotheses relate to (1) security of energy supply, (2) equitable access to energy services, (3) research and development of new energy technologies, (4) energy efficiency and conservation, (5) self-sufficiency and trade in energy fuels, (6) nuclear power, and (7) the energy-water nexus. It then tests these hypotheses with our survey instrument before concluding with implications for energy policy in India and beyond.

Cellulosic Ethanol and First Generation Bio-fuels: A Potential Solution for Energy Security of India

Diminishing world petroleum reserves and the impact of environmental pollution of increasing exhaust emissions have led to search for suitable alternative fuels. Scorching prices of petroleum based fuel (before global economic recession) and reduced biofuel cost due to advanced technological breakthrough, made biofuel competitive with conventional petro-fuel. India is fifth in the world in terms of primary energy consumption, accounting for 3.5% of world commercial energy demand. Rapid economic expansion will continue to drive up India's energy needs. India is projected to be the third in the world by 2025 in net oil import. It is a huge task to manage the energy security for meeting the aspirations of growing economy in India. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of energy requirements in transport sector and the future projections. Paper further analyzes the role and the advantages of distributed energy based on Bio-fuels which may ensure India's energy security. Around 1% of the world's arable land, i.e., 14 million ha are used in 2005 for biofuel production. In 2030 the share is expected to rise to 2.5% and 3.8% for reference and alternative policy scenario, respectively. These projections are expected to evoke the famous ‘food-Vs-fuel’ debate more critically for developing countries like India with huge population load. Therefore it is the need of the time for integrated approach combining conventional bio-fuel with the next generation bio-fuel to provide a sustainable energy-food-environmental security for a country like India. Paper discusses in detail how and to what extent the conventional bio-fuel, and the second generation bio-fuel, lignocellulosic ethanol can help to arrive a balance between food and fuel requirements of growing Indian economy. The scientific analysis presented here, may serve as interesting basis for future energy policy formulation in this area.

Feed stock crop options, crop research and development strategy for bioenergy production in India

Soaring prices of fossil-fuels and environmental pollution associated with their use, has resulted in increased interest in the production and use of bio-energy in India. Government of India has made policies to promote the production and use of bio-fuels which have triggered public and private investments in bio-fuel feed stock crop research and development and bio-fuel production. In this paper, efforts have been made to review and discuss various feed stock crop options and crop research and development interventions required to generate feed-stocksto produce required volume of bio-energy to meet projected demand without compromising food/fodder security and potential benefits of bio-fuels in reducing environment pollution and contributing to the energy security in India.

Coal and energy security for India: Role of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS)

Abstract Coal is the abundant domestic energy resource in India and is projected to remain so in future under a business-as-usual scenario. Using domestic coal mitigates national energy security risks. However coal use exacerbates global climate change. Under a strict climate change regime, coal use is projected to decline in future. However this would increase imports of energy sources like natural gas (NG) and nuclear and consequent energy security risks for India. The paper shows that carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) can mitigate CO2 emissions from coal-based large point source (LPS) clusters and therefore would play a key role in mitigating both energy security risks for India and global climate change risks. This paper estimates future CO2 emission projections from LPS in India, identifies the potential CO2 storage types at aggregate level and matches the two into the future using Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM/Local model) with a Geographical Information System (GIS) interface. The paper argues that clustering LPS that are close to potential storage sites could provide reasonable economic opportunities for CCS in future if storage sites of different types are further explored and found to have adequate capacity. The paper also indicates possible LPS locations to utilize CCS opportunities economically in future, especially since India is projected to add over 220,000 MW of thermal power generation capacity by 2030.

Energy Security for India - Some Environmental Implications

Appreciating the importance of a heightened energy security to fuel industrial and economic growth of India, the article analyses the environmental implications of various energy options. While coal takes the lead role for power generation in the country, in view of its polluting potential a case of promoting the use of beneficiated coal has been pleaded with numerous environmental gains. Considering the nation's sensitivity to climate change, there is need to remain on the path of low carbon growth without compromising with the energy security. In view of this, it asserts tapping renewable, non-depleting and non-polluting sources of energy at a fast pace to dilute the carbon intensity of our energy mix.