Energy-saving Industry Research Articles

Energy renovation model in China: Research and recommendations

In the past 20 years, a large number of houses in China have aged, and the energy systems of older houses have lagged behind the current living demand. This research compares the energy renovation models in China and the United States, and founds that the Chinese energy renovation model has difficulties such as a small scope of application and difficulties in raising funds. And then, a case study on the Korean. It concludes that in the early stage of the development of building energy efficiency, energy-saving guarantees mode can promote energy-saving projects. In the middle and late stages, the contract guaranteed market survival space can be suppressed, and the energy-saving industry can be adjusted to be dominated by energy-saving sharing.

Драйвери сталого розвитку країн в умовах глобалізації

The article substantiates the drivers of sustainable development of countries in the context of globalization, namely: the development of alternative energy, low-carbon economy, circular economy. It is argued that with the establishment of the model of sustainable development in the world practice, the issue of a significant reduction in the segment of energy-intensive types of global production and a decrease in the scale of consumption of energy resources is of particular importance. It is substantiated that in order to disseminate an energy-efficient model of economic development on a global scale, it is necessary to form an active State policies of the countries of the world by creating economic, administrative, social and infrastructural conditions, eliminating State subsidies to environmentally harmful industries, using market incentives, increasing public procurement in energy-saving industries, along with stimulation of their investment financing. The prospects for the development of the world energy sector until 2030 are outlined. The synchronization of Ukraine with ENTSO-E, the European network of electricity transmission system operators, is examined. It is found that synchronization with ENTSO-E is a step towards expanding the opportunities and prospects for attracting investment in the energy sector of Ukraine. Recommendations on finding effective ways of transition of countries’ economies to the use of alternative energy sources, low-carbon development and application of the principles of circular economy (the conception of combining linear production lines into a closed cycle) are provided. It is substantiated that the transition to sustainable low-carbon development can be successful due to the implementation of the global energy conversion of the economy.

Development Status and Recommendations of the Energy Service Industry


 The essay examines the energy-saving industry's current state of development in China, identifies its issues, and suggests appropriate solutions. To achieve optimal energy use, energy saving refers to preserving energy while minimizing energy consumption. Contractual energy management was brought to China in the 1970s and developed there with the support of pertinent state policies. The growth of the market for energy-saving services and the quick industrial scale expansion have, however, also presented this industry with new hurdles as a result of the global concern for energy security. It primarily shows itself as uneven technological standards, questionable incentive programs, and funding challenges. On this foundation, solutions to the existing issues are suggested as countermeasures. Therefore, it should advance science and technology, advance technology, advance the development of product quality standards, advance the implementation of stricter market access requirements, and advance the establishment of an ideal industry management system. On this foundation, pertinent policy suggestions are made in an effort to support the steady and orderly growth of the energy-saving services sector. The growth of China's energy services business has been aided by the adoption of the aforementioned programs.

Impact of Green Credit on Industrial Structure in China

Since the reformation and opening up, the conflict between domestic economic development and environmental pollution has become increasingly obvious, and the structure of industry needs to be adjusted urgently. Based on the strategic background of sustainable development, green credit policy has been proposed to balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection. Green credit adopts a differentiated credit strategy for highly polluting industries and green and energy-saving industries to support the development of green and environmental industries, forcing highly polluting and high-emission industries to upgrade their technological innovation and reduce energy consumption and pollution emissions. In the demand for green economy, China's green credit has become the main driving force to achieve high-quality development such as ecological, circular and low-carbon development of industries, and green credit has a positive effect on the upgrading of industrial structure. In the process of implementing green credit in China, there are still problems such as time lag in the improvement of industrial efficiency and obvious differences in the promotion effect in different regions, which affect the effect of green credit on the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. It is recommended to focus green policies on the government and banking financial institutions, increase the government's green financial support, and continuously improve the green credit system of banks.

In-Situ Efficiency Estimation of Induction Motors Based on Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization-Trust Region Algorithm (QPSO-TRA)

The accuracy estimation of induction motors’ efficiency is beneficial and crucial in the industry for energy savings. The requirement for in situ machine efficiency estimation techniques is increasing in importance because it is the precondition to making the energy-saving scheme. Currently, the torque and speed identification method is widely applied in online efficiency estimation for motor systems. However, the higher precision parameters, such as stator resistance Rs and equivalent resistance of iron losses Rfe, which are the key to the efficiency estimation process with the air gap torque method, are of cardinal importance in the estimation process. Moreover, the computation burden is also a severe problem for the real-time data process. To solve these problems, as for the torque and speed-identification-based efficiency estimation method, this paper presents a lower time burden method based on Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization-Trust Region Algorithm (QPSO-TRA). The contribution of the proposed method is to transform the disadvantages of former algorithms to develop a reliable hybrid algorithm to identify the crucial parameters, namely, Rs and Rfe. Sensorless speed identification based on the rotor slot harmonic frequency (RSHF) method is adopted for speed determination. This hybrid algorithm reduces the computation burden by about 1/3 compared to the classical genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed method was validated by testing a 5.5 kW motor in the laboratory and a 10 MW induction motor in the field.

The Necessity and Feasibility of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to Achieve the Dual Carbon Target and Practice Path Research

In the face of the severe situation of global warming, at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly in 2020, the Chinese government made a commitment to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, fully demonstrating its role as a great nation. As one of the regions with the highest level of economic development and openness to the outside world, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has a good foundation to take the lead in achieving the double carbon target. The article first explained the reasons why the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area must promote the achievement of peak carbon and carbon neutrality from the perspective of necessity. Then we analyzed the favorable conditions for the Greater Bay Area to achieve the dual-carbon goal from the perspective of feasibility. Finally, we proposed five practical paths to achieve peak carbon and carbon neutrality: namely, to continuously promote the structural reform on the supply side, optimize the industrial structure system, and vigorously develop the tertiary industry; to make the best use of local conditions and gather synergies to strengthen the coordinated development of regional low-carbon; and to optimize the development of the tertiary industry. The company also proposes to strengthen regional low-carbon coordinated development; optimize energy production and consumption structure, improve energy utilization efficiency and conserve energy; build green finance, learn from advanced experience and empower low-carbon energy-saving industries; establish a total carbon control mechanism, build a national unified carbon market and improve the carbon trading market system.

How latecomers catch up to build an energy-saving industry: The case of the Chinese electric vehicle industry 1995–2018

This research identifies how windows of opportunity (WOP) emerge and influence the catching up process of the Chinese electric vehicle (EV) industry between 1995 and 2018 by analyzing technological, institutional, and market demand elements of the WOP. Our case study indicates that government policies play a vital role. Along with the development of Chinese EV industry, government policies evolve from initiation to consolidation and finally reposition. Meanwhile, WOP emerge but diverge in their patterns; from institutional to technological and finally to the market demand WOP. Our study further elaborates the interplay of the above-mentioned three kinds of WOP, which provide feedback to the government authorities and work jointly to facilitate the catching up of Chinese EV industry. Based on the evidence of the Chinese EV industry, we continue the discussion of the emergence and interplays of WOP during the industrial catching up in latecomer countries like China, who is eager to build an energy-saving industry. Our case study provides a fine-grained analysis of policy evolution and its role in opening the different kinds of WOP, which eventually contribute to the successful catching up of a latecomer industry. It also offers new insights for policymakers when building a sustainable system.

Alternative PSS Business Models of ESCO: Towards an Innovative New Model

Product System Service (PSS) was an excellent way to create new customer value under hyper-competition. Both product and service components were not used individually but in integrating product, service, and system and their valid combinations. This paper investigated the case study and was performed between June 2019 and April 2020. The is study aims to explore the introduction of the study's purpose of exploring the company was introducing the latest PSS model in its own " Energy Saving Company (ESCO) model" with its capitals in Indonesia. This new business model was able to tap potential business opportunities in the energy-saving industry. The study used these three methods – Soft System Methodology (SSM), General Morphological Analysis (GMA) & Business Model Canvas (BMC). In this paper, the authors performed SSM to reduce the gap that exists in the real world. GMA and BMC as other tools to ensure collaboration to form the new business model. The result showed that through PSS, the company could develop their own "ESCO model" under Energy Saving Agreement (ESA) or Energy Saving Performance Contract (ESPC), which was known as "saving back arrangement financing." By adopting PSS, the company could gain a competitive advantage since there was increasing demand for energy and limited supply in Indonesia; hence there was a vast, untapped opportunity in the energy-saving industry. Keywords: BMC, Case study, ESCO, Morphological, PSS, SSM

Significantly enhanced tribology and thermal management by dual‐network graphene/epoxy composites

With the development of energy-saving industries, the tribology and thermal management of composites were increasingly urgent. Here, we explored the dual-network graphene/epoxy composites with enhanced tribological and thermal management. The 3D graphene was prepared using calcium ions as the crosslinker and melamine foam as template. Subsequently, the reinforced concrete-like composites were obtained by dipping in silica-filled epoxy. The research results show that the thermal conductivity of the composites was enhanced by 1015.52% compared to the silica-filled epoxy. Simultaneously, the friction coefficient of the composites was reduced to 0.29 with the wear rate be reduced to 0.19 × 10−5 mm3/N∙m under the condition of 5 N and 2 cm/s. This dual-network model provides a new strategy for the development of solid lubricating materials with excellent thermal management.

Collaboration network, technology network and technological development: a patent analysis in the Chinese green technological field of energy saving

PurposeThis paper aims to forecast the future development of UIC technology according to the changes of IPC in different time periods. The findings also provide a theoretical basis for the UIC policymakers of energy-saving environmental protection industry.Design/methodology/approachThe present study will take energy-saving technology as an example, through using a two-mode network analysis method to build the four-stage IPC code UIC innovation-technology network, researching UIC innovation network applicant heterogeneity, UIC technology network and technology relevance.FindingsThrough the establishment of UIC innovation-technology two-mode network, namely, applicant node CN and IPC node TN, this paper analyzes the important applicants, focal technologies, correlation of focal technologies and the development trends of energy saving technology in the future by using the related theories and methods of two-mode network.Originality/valueAt present, only about 11% of energy-saving enterprises in China have R&D activities. The government needs to implement top-level design, improve industrial policies, strengthen investment in technology R&D and build a platform for technological innovation in energy-saving industries to support the R&D of common and key technologies in energy-saving industries.

Recent advances on industrial data-driven energy savings: Digital twins and infrastructures

Data-driven models for industrial energy savings heavily rely on sensor data, experimentation data and knowledge-based data. This work reveals that too much research attention was invested in making data-driven models, as supposed to ensuring the quality of industrial data. Furthermore, the true challenge within the Industry 4.0 is with data communication and infrastructure problems, not so significantly on developing modelling techniques. Current methods and data infrastructures for industrial energy savings were comprehensively reviewed to showcase the potential for a more accurate and effective digital twin-based infrastructure for the industry. With a few more development in enabling technologies such as 5G developments, Internet of Things (IoT) standardization, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain 3.0 utilization, it is but a matter of time that the industry will transition towards the digital twin-based approach. Global government efforts and policies are already inclining towards leveraging better industrial energy efficiencies and energy savings. This provides a promising future for the development of a digital twin-based energy-saving system in the industry. Foreseeing some potential challenges, this paper also discusses the importance of symbiosis between researchers and industrialists to transition from traditional industry towards a digital twin-based energy-saving industry. The novelty of this work is the current context of industrial energy savings was extended towards cutting-edge technologies for Industry 4.0. Furthermore, this work proposes to standardize and modularize industrial data infrastructure for smart energy savings. This work also serves as a concise guideline for researchers and industrialists who are looking to implement advanced energy-saving systems.

Patent Value Analysis Based on the EPTV Model Investigation of Building Energy-Saving Industry

Building energy efficiency technology is hoped to play an important role in climate change. Taking the building energy-saving industry as the research sample, this paper aims to investigate the patent competition situation with an intelligence analysis of EPTV model. This study explored the patent competition situation among the major applicants according to the high-value patent layouts. The results of intelligence analysis indicate that the EPTV model provides a panoramic overview of patent value for the building energy-saving industry, which also provides a new perspective for patent competition situation investigation and some implication suggestions for the industry development.

Analysis on Long-Term Mechanism for Energy Conservation and New Mechanism of China

The government must handle the relation between energy conservation and development in promoting the energy conservation. China is a developing country with a large population, and development has been a prior strategic mission for China for a long time. The energy conservation is an important tool to promote the development, gain better development and serve the development. In promoting the energy conservation, the government shall provide stronger support for the advancement of energy-saving technologies in R&D, engineering demonstration and application, promote innovation for energy conservation technologies and application of energy conservation technologies in industries, develop hi-tech industries and energy-saving industries to help enterprises improve their energy-saving technology level, build a energy-saving industrial system, greatly increasing the competitiveness of national economy and using energy conservation to promote the economic development and scientific development.

A Household Energy Efficiency Index Assessment Method Based on Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Data

Various countries in the world are vigorously developing energy-saving industries and attaching importance to the improvement of household energy efficiency, but it is difficult to evaluate user power consumption characteristics due to insufficient information and large data granularity. It is, however, possible to evaluate the energy efficiency of household users via non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). This paper explores the energy efficiency assessment of residential users and proposes a household energy efficiency assessment method based on NILM data. An energy efficiency assessment index of residents is provided by analyzing factors that affect residents’ energy efficiency. This index is clear, operable, and easy to obtain and quantify. Based on NILM information, clustering, and comprehensive evaluation, as well as combining the entropy weight method with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a user’s energy efficiency can be evaluated and analyzed. Some case studies are provided to verify the validity of the proposed method based on non-intrusive information, to analyze the characteristics and deficiencies of the user’s energy consumption, and to give corresponding energy recommendations.

Theoretical, applied and didactic aspects of research on the problem of sustainable development of regions and countries

The purpose of the article is to consider the theoretical foundations, applied aspects, concepts and goals of sustainable development, as well as the study of factors and threats to the sustainable development of Pridnestrovie. Main material. The authors conducted a brief analysis of the main stages of introducing the conceptual apparatus used to assess the degree of world stability as a whole, regions and countries. Various approaches to defining the essence of sustainable development are considered. The author gives an extended interpretation of the "sustainable development" concept, which assumes that it is determined not only by environmental and economic aspects, but also has political, military, informational and other components. Groups and particular examples of indicators that characterize the degree of sustainable development are given. A list of factors that directly or indirectly affect the sustainability of countries and regions has been compiled and analyzed. Hierarchical levels of research on sustainable development issues are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the study of the features of ensuring sustainable development of regions. Didactic aspects of studying the problems and mechanisms of ensuring sustainable development in educational institutions of different hierarchical levels are also considered. The applied aspects reflected in the article include assessment and analysis of a number of indicators reflecting development sustainability of the Transnistrian region of post-Soviet Moldova. Retrospective, modern and long-term threats to the sustainable development of the Transnistrian region are identified. Conclusions and further research. Some tools (measures) to ensure long-term sustainable development in the context of globalization and high turbulence of the international environment are proposed. Tools aimed at increasing the sustainability of the territorial units’ development of Pridnestrovie, the following are proposed: - diversification and growth of industrialization of economic systems; - preferential support for the development of high-tech material and energy-saving industries; - differentiation minimization of financial and property stratification of the population; - implementation of environmental standards and environmental management (ISO 14000) in industrial enterprises.

Development Trends and Strategic Countermeasures of China’s Emerging Energy Technology Industry Toward 2035

Technology innovation is becoming a source of power to lead the transition and development of global energy industry. The development of emerging industries in the energy field is rooted in the reality of China’s energy conditions, the major strategic needs of the country, and the demands for innovation-driven energy development. “Emerging energy technologies” herein refer to not only the renewable energy and nuclear energy technologies, but also the ground-breaking or disruptive energy development and utilization technologies, in the areas such as the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources, the clean and efficient conversion and utilization of fossil fuels, the energy transmission, and the end use of energies. After defining the scope and orientation of the emerging energy technology industry, this paper analyzes the current status and development trends of the emerging energy technology industry in China and abroad. Key areas and technology direction of the emerging energy technology industry toward 2035 are proposed. The guideline, objectives, and key tasks for developing China’s emerging energy technology industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan period are explored in detail. The study proposes to focus on the development of 41 new energy technologies in ten areas, covering advanced coal-fired power generation, unconventional natural gas development, energy Internet and integrated energy services, nuclear energy, wind power, solar photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal power generation, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and hydrogen energy and fuel cells. Meanwhile, nine key scientific and technological projects, one major engineering project of multienergy complementary distributed energy system, and two demonstration zones for emerging energy technology integration and innovation, distributed in Hebei Xiong’an New Area and South China coastal areas, are suggested to be established. Corresponding policy implications are addressed, such as strengthening the top-level design for the development of emerging energy technologies and emerging energy industries, integrating the energy-saving industry into the emerging energy technology industry, and adjusting the “new energy industry” to “emerging energy technology industry” in the national plan of emerging industries.

Compositional Design of Soft Magnetic High Entropy Alloys by Minimizing Magnetostriction Coefficient in (Fe0.3Co0.5Ni0.2)100−x(Al1/3Si2/3)x System

Developing cost-effective soft magnetic alloys with excellent mechanical properties is very important to energy-saving industries. This study investigated the magnetic and mechanical properties of a series of (Fe0.3Co0.5Ni0.2)100−x(Al1/3Si2/3)x high-entropy alloys (HEAs) (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 25) at room temperature. The Fe0.3Co0.5Ni0.2 base alloy composition was chosen since it has very the smallest saturation magnetostriction coefficient. It was found that the (Fe0.3Co0.5Ni0.2)95(Al1/3Si2/3)5 alloy maintains a simple face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution structure in the states of as-cast, cold-rolled, and after annealing at 1000 °C. The alloy after annealing exhibits a tensile yield strength of 235 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 572 MPa, an elongation of 38%, a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 1.49 T, and a coercivity of 96 A/m. The alloy not only demonstrates an optimal combination of soft magnetic and mechanical properties, it also shows advantages of easy fabrication and processing and high thermal stability over silicon steel and amorphous soft magnetic materials. Therefore, the alloy of (Fe0.3Co0.5Ni0.2)95(Al1/3Si2/3)5 holds good potential as next-generation soft magnets for wide-range industrial applications.

Sustainable energy saving: A junction temperature numerical calculation method for power insulated gate bipolar transistor module

Abstract This study is significant to ensure its safe and reliable operation for promoting the sustainable energy saving. The insulated gate bipolar transistor module was widely applied as the core electronic component in energy-saving and new energy industries. A junction temperature numerical calculation method was proposed to calculate the module operating junction temperature that has closed connection with the reliability and lifetime of module accurately in real time. Various parameters were obtained through tests and surfaces that have connected with the degree of the parameters. Junction temperature polynomial fitting equations under each power cycle were established on the above basis. The corresponding polynomial fitting equation was selected according to the aging degree of the module, and the value of junction temperature was obtained by taking the collector current and the saturation voltage. The polynomial fitting algorithm was compared with the junction temperature prediction algorithm based on particle swarm optimization-support vector machine. This study showed that the absolute error of the junction temperature obtained by polynomial fitting equations is mainly concentrated in the temperature and the maximum absolute error is no more than ±5 Celsius degree, and the average relative error of the junction temperature is about 2%. Therefore, polynomial fitting algorithm is more explicit and accurate to calculate the junction temperature of the module. Because the polynomial fitting method simplifies the method of selecting the junction temperature value with the saturation voltage drop as the temperature calibration criterion, and the process of building database between parameters in the whole aging process is omitted, it realizes the on-line measurement of the junction temperature of the module in the aging process, which has remarkable practical value.

Load‐independent harmonic mitigation in SCR‐fed three‐phase multiple adjustable speed drive systems with deliberately dispatched firing angles

Adjustable speed drives (ASD) are widely used in industry for energy savings, where low-cost diode rectifiers are still employed as the front-ends, also for simplicity in control and reliability in operation. However, significant harmonics appear at the grid, which should be tackled according to standards and/or grid-connection rules. If not, a poor power quality will cause the efficiency of the entire system drop. Currently, communication technologies are still not very cost-effective for industrial harmonic control in multiple parallel motor-drive systems. Therefore, this study proposes a harmonic mitigation strategy for multiple ASD systems, where silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) with boost converters in the dc-link have been adopted to increase the harmonic-current controllability. More specific, the SCR firing angles are deliberately dispatched among the drive units, which results in certain phase shifts of the SCR currents on purpose. Consequently, the harmonics appearing in the grid current can be mitigated to some extent without communication. The effectiveness is independent of an individual SCR system loading when a number of drives are connected. Simulations are carried out to verify the discussion. Furthermore, to maximize the harmonic cancellation, a customised modulation scheme has been experimentally demonstrated. Both simulation and experimental results have confirmed the analysis.

The Influence of Alliance Innovation Network Structure upon Enterprise Innovation: A Case Study of China’s Energy-Saving and Environment-protection Industry

The Energy-saving and environment-protection industry, an important strategic and emerging industry in China, will develop into a pillar industry. In view of global climate change, environmental pollution, resource depletion and the defects and deficiencies in traditional technology, technology and product innovation constitute the lifeline of energy-saving and environment-protection industry. The alliance network of enterprises will influence, stimulate, and regulate enterprise innovation greatly. A comprehensive analysis of alliance data of China's energy-saving and environment-protection industry from 2000 to 2013 by using Ucinet software can reveal the network structure parameters such as degree, clique number, average path length, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality, which reflects different types of enterprise networks and different positions of enterprises in different types of networks. A negative regression analysis of enterprise patent data and network structure parameters by using Stata software can make some conclusions that the influences of network characteristics on enterprise innovation reach the maximum in the second year of the window period end, that innovation accumulation, clustering coefficient, betweenness centrality are related to the enterprise innovation, that clique number, network density are negatively related to the enterprise innovation, and that there is an inverted U relationship between average path length and enterprise innovation. It is suggested to increase the accumulation level of innovation, appropriately control the network density, reduce the average path length, improve the betweenness centrality and clustering coefficient of enterprises, so as to improve the overall innovation level.