Energy Reform Research Articles

Directions for Increasing Green Energy Capacity of Uzbekistan

General background: The global transition to renewable energy is essential for mitigating climate change and ensuring energy security, and Uzbekistan, with its abundant natural resources, holds significant potential. Specific background: Despite progress, Uzbekistan still relies heavily on fossil fuels, and challenges remain in integrating renewable energy into the national grid. Knowledge gap: Previous studies have focused on the technical and economic benefits of green energy, yet there is limited research on the interplay between market reforms and renewable energy adoption in developing nations like Uzbekistan. Aims: This research aims to assess the current renewable energy policies and propose strategies to enhance Uzbekistan’s capacity, particularly in solar and wind energy. Results: The findings reveal that while Uzbekistan has made strides, substantial reforms in market liberalization and increased investment are necessary to meet its 2030 green energy targets. Novelty: This study offers new insights by integrating a market-based approach to energy reforms with the need for targeted subsidies and international investment, filling a critical gap in the literature on green energy transitions in developing economies. Implications: The results suggest that further policy adjustments, enhanced international cooperation, and financial incentives are vital for accelerating Uzbekistan’s green energy transition, providing a model for similar economies. Highlights: Uzbekistan needs substantial market reforms to increase green energy capacity. Solar and wind energy are key to meeting the 2030 renewable energy goals. Targeted subsidies and international investment are essential for sustainable energy development. Keywords: Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Energy Subsidies, Energy Investments, Market Liberalization

A Method for Calculating the Adjustable Capacity of Feeder Load Aggregators Considering the User’s Wishes

Abstract With the deepening of China’s energy reform, large-scale renewable energy access has put forward higher requirements for the flexible adjustment ability of the power system. The research and application of mining flexible and adjustable resources on the user side to participate in the peak regulation and frequency regulation of the power grid have received extensive attention. With the gradual opening of the power market and the deepening of the reform of the power system, the feeder load aggregator has gradually become a new role in the power market, and the feeder load aggregator plays an important role in the centralized management of users, the optimization of distribution, and the realization of market-oriented transactions. However, the research on the participation of feeder loads in the auxiliary services of power grid peak regulation and frequency regulation is not perfect. In this context, this paper proposes a method for calculating the adjustable capacity of feeder load aggregators considering the wishes of users, in which the maximum voltage adjustable at the feeder and the change of the capacity of each user caused by the feeder voltage regulation are calculated by the feeder load aggregator through the power flow relationship, and finally the adjustable capacity declaration for the ancillary service market is completed.

Effectiveness of reforms to eliminate obstacles in the development of sustainable energy in different countries of the world

The development of strategy and tactics for reforms in the energy industry involves the identification of benchmark countries whose experience can form the basis of a quantitative assessment of the main targets of the reforms. The basis for such decisions can be the results of the integrated assessment of energy reforms in the EU countries for 2010–2021. This study aims to cluster these countries according to the integral indicator and determine specific directions in which the respective country needs to make progress in moving to another cluster. Thus, based on a linear model, the Fishburn formula, and variance analysis, 10 energy development indicators were combined into a single indicator that characterizes the effectiveness of energy reforms (for example, in 2021, it was the highest in Austria (0.612), Germany (0.644), and France (0.620); the lowest – in Latvia (0.383) and Croatia (0.369)). Based on this indicator, countries were clustered using the k-means method. Four clusters were formed: representatives of the highest first (Austria, Germany, France, Spain, Sweden, and Luxembourg) are strategic benchmarks for all EU countries, and representatives of other clusters are tactical benchmarks for countries from lower clusters. The average values of all 10 indicators of energy development were calculated. Their low values are a sign that this direction should be a priority when carrying out reforms, and their quantitative estimates can be used as specific targets when setting strategic and tactical tasks (transition to a higher cluster or achieving average values in one’s cluster). AcknowledgmentThe research was funded by a Fellowship agreement for a research fellowship in the framework of the 11th funding round within the Philipp Schwartz Initiative of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

Research on the Economics of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Integrated into the Grid

In order to accelerate the development of distributed energy, the country vigorously promotes distributed power generation technology, and the development of this technology will gradually break the traditional monopoly of electricity, and energy reform will move towards new development. Distributed photovoltaic power generation energy technology has high utilization rate and low pollution, which is a new trend in energy development. This paper studies the economic benefits brought by the integration of distributed photovoltaic power generation into the power grid for people's lives and the resulting economic benefits.

Capacity planning of household photovoltaic and energy storage systems based on distributed phase change heat storage

Abstract With the global energy reform, the energy storage field has become one of the current research hotspots. This paper considers the distributed phase change material unit (PCMU) system. First, the distributed PCMU model and the photovoltaic and energy storage systems model are constructed. Second, the actual capacity of the distributed PCMU that can participate in dispatching is analyzed. Finally, a calculation example is solved, and the optimal heat storage and electricity storage capacity is solved through the particle swarm algorithm. The results show that the constructed system has economic benefits.

Restructuring reforms for green growth

AbstractPolicymakers across the world are striving to tackle the century‐defining challenge of climate change without undermining potential growth. This paper examines the impact of structural reforms in the energy sector (electricity and gas) on environmental outcomes and green growth indicators in a panel of 25 advanced economies during the period 1970–2020. We obtain striking results. First, while structural reforms so far failed in reducing greenhouse gas emissions per capita, there is some evidence for greater effectiveness in lowering emissions per unit of GDP. Second, although energy reforms are not associated with higher supply of renewable energy as a share of total energy supply, they appear to stimulate a sustained increase in environmental inventions and patents per capita over the medium term. We also find strong evidence of nonlinear effects, with market‐friendly energy reforms leading to better environmental outcomes and green growth in countries with stronger environmental regulations. Looking forward, therefore, structural reforms should be designed not just for market efficiency but also for green growth.

How much do Mexicans pay for regulation in the transportation of oil products?

The new oil derivatives transportation scheme proposed by the 2013 Mexican Energy Reform allowed new participants to enter the sector. The new legal framework requires fulfilling many requirements and corresponding duties for the transportation of oil products. The Mexican government already has an institution dedicated to measuring the regulatory cost of each federal procedure. This work aims to quantify the regulatory costs associated with the procedures and their compliance to obtain permits for transporting oil products by truck. We use the standard cost method to measure these costs, considering all associated costs. The results showed that two government offices did not adequately measure these costs. They did not consider relevant information on frequency and opportunity costs, resulting in undervaluation and leading to wrong expectations. As a result of this research, we provide a more accurate way of estimating these costs, which brings greater certainty in the budgeting of these projects and, therefore, increases the probability of survival and success.

Model establishment and process analysis of liquid hydrogen energy storage

Under the general trend of energy reform, the key role of hydrogen energy has been becoming increasingly prominent. Hydrogen is not only an ideal efficient clean energy, but also commonly used as a cryogenic working medium, in the field of cryogenics and refrigeration. Compared with gas phase at high pressure, liquid hydrogen (LH2) has advantages such as high density and low transportation cost, which make it more suitable for large-scale development. As an energy storage medium, LH2 provides cold energy and electricity to smooth out fluctuations and reduce abandonment of wind and solar. However, there are few studies on the comprehensive LH2 industry chain of production-storage-transportation-utilization.In this article, a model and analysis of the energy storage process utilizing LH2 is established. This includes purification and liquefaction, storage and transportation, regasification, power generation, and other related processes. The selection of appropriate methods and equipment is systematically addressed. Furthermore, an evaluation is conducted on its efficiency, economy, environmental impact and expansibility, in comparison with other energy storage methods. Ultimately, these findings aim to seek solutions for rationalizing efficient and low-cost utilization of LH2 energy storage, and provide novel insights into the practical application of hydrogen energy.

Prior consultation protocols regarding the energy reform in Mexico: indigenous rights, human rights and the megaproject called Mayan Train

This article shows one of the organizational and normative reactions that indigenous peoples in Mexico have had to safeguard their rights in the current context of a structural and human rights crisis, specifically due to the implementation of megaprojects in their territories. The analysis of the results of the presents research, on the impact of the structural reform, established in previous six-year terms and continued in the current government, is done as part of the academic and teaching activity carried out, but also as part of a professional exercise in which we have accompanied social organizations for more than 20 years. Therefore, what is shown in this work has to do with the attempt to regulate the relationship with the State and other internal and external actors, based on the community exercise, the way in which peoples deliberate and make decisions, and which in other countries is called prior consultation protocols.

Dilema ochrany klimatu z pohledu práva: obnovitelné zdroje versus ochrana biodiverzity

The use of renewable energy is one of the priorities of common EU policies to achieve carbon neutrality and mitigate the effects of climate change. On the other hand, the protection of biodiversity, which also contributes to climate protection and is even a much older priority, is also one of the EU’s long-term priorities. In this article, the author analyses the current European and Czech climate legislation. He concludes that the analysis of the legislation shows that renewable energy production and biodiversity protection must be considered together in terms of planning, decision-making and enforcement. Climate protection can only be achieved if, in the future, the replacement of fossil energy sources is not unilaterally promoted in energy reform at the expense of biodiversity and the functioning of natural ecosystems. The question is, however, whether the Czech Republic is serious about measures towards carbon neutrality and energy security when it is still buying oil, natural gas and other strategic minerals from Russia two years after the Russian invasion of Ukraine began.

Multivariate Evaluation of Photovoltaic Utilization Potential of Primary and Secondary School Buildings: A Case Study in Hainan Province, China

Modernization and industrialization have significantly increased energy consumption, causing environmental problems. Given that China is the largest energy user, the rise in building energy consumption necessitates clean energy alternatives. The purpose of this study is to summarize typical building models for primary and secondary schools in Hainan Province, and to use software to simulate and calculate the photovoltaic utilization potential of primary and secondary school buildings. In China, the government is usually the manager of primary and secondary schools, and due to their architectural characteristics, these buildings can be used to assess photovoltaic applications. The aim is to drive the application of photovoltaic systems in all types of buildings and promote urban energy reform. This study summarizes the types of primary and secondary school buildings in Hainan Province and analyzes them. It evaluates rooftop photovoltaic projects at the Second Middle School and the Siyuan School in Wanning City, Hainan Province, and uses PVsyst 7.2 software to assess the photovoltaic utilization potential. The results show that the optimal orientation in Hainan Province is south-facing, and the optimal inclination angle is 10° to 20°. The most favorable orientations of facade photovoltaic systems are 20° southeast or southwest. The longest dynamic investment payback period is approximately 15 years, and the environmental benefits are $0.012/kWh. The findings indicate significant potential for photovoltaic applications in primary and secondary school buildings. A combination of facade and rooftop photovoltaics can result in the zero-energy consumption of these buildings, reducing the pressure on urban power grids and achieving sustainable utilization.

Energy-aware production planning models for emerging economies

Manufacturing plays a vital role in fostering economic growth, yet it is one of the major consumers of energy. Considering energy consumption when devising an Aggregate Production Plan (APP) is a determinant of a more energy-efficient production schedule at the operational level. Manufacturers in emerging economies envisage planning challenges when energy reforms are introduced. A guide for analysis and decision-making in the transitional phase of phasing out energy subsidies is essential. This work tackles this problem by developing two mixed-integer linear programming models for energy-aware production planning. The first model targets maximising profit while explicitly using the energy cost as one of the cost elements. The second is an energy-driven model to minimise energy consumption while including profit as a constraint. The proposed models were validated via a real-life dataset. The models provide the decision-makers with the flexibility to improve their production plans’ energy efficiency by either developing plans that reduce energy consumption without sacrificing profit or developing production plans that increase profit without increasing energy consumption. The results imply that adopting Energy-Efficient Production Planning (EEPP) is substantial with high subsidy levels. For low subsidy levels, strategic decision-making entailing the deployment of technological solutions is more efficient.

Uzbek energy reform: Policy implications for renewables and new regulations

This article provides, according to the Uzbek energy reform and comparative analysis, policy implications for renewables and new regulations. The current condition of the use and application of renewable energy sources (RES) in Uzbekistan is analyzed using statistical data. The conditions for annual energy capacity, import and export of energy products, as well as the construction of the RES are analyzed within the framework of 14 administrative territorial units. The article provides a complete analysis of how the field of energy is regulated using state-acceptable regulatory legal acts. The main subject of research of the article is what benefits are provided in the legislation to individuals and legal entities that have established the use of the RES.

ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORMS, SOCIAL CONTRACT AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA

The study examined the relation among energy subsidy, social contract and poverty in Nigeria covering the period 1999-2022. The study used autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) approaches to determine the outcome of long-term estimates of the ARDL robustness. The unit root tests shows that the series were stationary at levels I(0) and first difference I(1). Cointegration was established with 2 optimal lag. The results of DOLS and FMOLS show that energy reforms of petrol motor spirit, automobile gas oil, dual purpose kerosene and electricity tariffs have impacted on high level of poverty in Nigeria. The reforms have also affected control variables like inflation and per capital income as inflation erodes the purchasing power of economic agents. The study suggests the need to deepen and implement short-to medium term fuel subsidy removal using market-based pricing as a necessity to protect the poor. This should be complemented by conversion plan from petroleum to natural gas (CNG) vehicles. Strategic policies to strengthen the voice and accountability by the citizens are required. It is essential to trust between government and citizens to strengthen social contract in a manner that improves service delivery, reduce corruption and strengthen institutions which will enhance subsidy reforms more feasible.

Measures to promote energy, economic and environmental sustainability for an optimal workforce portfolio between Algerian sectors at the 2030 horizon using fuzzy goal programming approach

Navigating towards a sustainable future, Algeria engages in strategic resource management to fulfill its 2030 vision. This study delineates a Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) model, inte-grating economic objectives with ecological and energy sustainability. The framework priori-tizes renewable energy, marking a decisive pivot from traditional hydrocarbon reliance to meet global environmental mandates. It also maps out a strategic redistribution of the workforce, signifying a shift towards a diversified, innovation-led economy that embraces sustainable methodologies. The implementation of the model offers a robust, empirical tool for decision-makers, harmonizing Algeria's specific socio-economic attributes with broader, global sus-tainability trends. The outcome is a blueprint for a robust, renewable-centric economy, posi-tioning Algeria at the forefront of sustainable development and energy reform.

The 2013 Mexican Energy Reform in the Context of Sustainable Development Goal 7

In 2013, the Mexican Constitution was amended to allow private firms to participate in the energy sector market. Consequently, the energy reform opened the energy market to private investors, ending the state monopoly of PEMEX and CFE. This article aims to assess the impact of the 2013 Mexican Energy Reform on energy household consumption and, if proven effective, explore its potential to help achieve SDG 7. This longitudinal study gathered data before and after the energy bill reform, from 2012 to 2018, with a non-experimental design. Data analysis to determine the effect of the price variance was estimated through price elasticities of demand, and a logarithmic model was used to determine the relationship between the price and cost of electricity, gas, and fuel. Findings suggest that the 2013 Mexican Energy Reform led to an increase in energy prices that, on the one hand, reduced the consumption of energy generated using fossil hydrocarbons but, on the other hand, affected the portion of the population with less income. Consequently, it is possible to conclude that the 2013 Mexican Energy Reform is irreconcilable with SDG 7 unless substantial additional efforts are made to leave no one behind.

The Influence Of Enterprise Strategic Positioning On The Organizational Success Of Mining Investment Companies In China

Pressure on safety and environmental protection continues to rise as a result of legislation such as China's energy reform, resulting in a fall in mineral resource reserves and a decline in grade. China's mining industry's output has fluctuated and dropped. State-owned mining investment and development companies (SOME) bear political, economic, and social responsibilities, but there are issues such as a lack of strategic positioning (SP), slow transformation speed, and poor business flexibility that make ensuring organisational success (OS) difficult. This study aimed to determine the influence of corporate strategic positioning on the organization of state-owned mining investment companies in China with the intent of putting forward practical suggestions on how to effectively formulate and implement strategic positioning, and provide guidance for the organization's strategic decision-making and implementation to achieve organizational success. Keywords: Enterprise Strategic Positioning, Mining Investment, Organizational Success, Social Responsibility, Institutional Advantage, Descriptive Correlational

Defusing the Ticking Bomb

This paper analyzes various policies in efforts to determine a feasible and effective next step in advancing energy policy and climate action in the United States. Research consists of a review of literature followed by meta-analysis. The secondary research portion calls for an acceleration of the renewable energy transition, emphasizing the importance of energy reforms. The review acknowledges obstacles hindering the transition such as renewable energy variability and storage limitations. The section calls for technological advancement and identifies four policy targets; investment, accessibility, pricing, and expansion. 
 The review of literature is followed by meta-analysis of aforementioned policy targets by analyzing and comparing five sources, each pertaining to a different policy area. Primary research identifies renewable energy investment using revenue sourced from carbon pricing and fossil fuel subsidy dissolution as the most efficient and feasible next step in strengthening U.S. energy policy, concluding with a call to action in light of findings.

Formation of legal support of climate-protective farming in Ukraine: problems under martial period

Formation of legal support of climate-protective farming in Ukraine: problems under martial period

Cosechar el sol y el aire. Las energías renovables y la reforma energética en México

Cosechar el sol y el aire. Las energías renovables y la reforma energética en México