Energy Measurement Device Research Articles

Research on the adaptability of proton exchange membrane electrolysis in green hydrogen–electric coupling system under multi-operating conditions

The green hydrogen–electric coupling system can consume locally generated renewable energy, thereby improving energy utilization and enabling zero-carbon power supply within a certain range. This study focuses on a green hydrogen–electric coupling system that integrates photovoltaic, energy storage, and proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEME). Firstly, the impact of operating temperature, power quality, and grid auxiliary services on the characteristics of the electrolysis cell is analyzed, and a voltage model and energy model for the cell are established. Secondly, a multi-operating conditions adaptability experiment for PEME grid-connected operation is designed. A test platform consisting of a grid simulator, simulated photovoltaic power generation system, lithium battery energy storage system, PEME, and measurement and acquisition device is then built. Finally, experiments are conducted to simulate multi-operating conditions such as temperature changes, voltage fluctuations, frequency offsets, harmonic pollution, and current adjustment speed. The energy efficiency and consumption is calculated based on the recorded data, and the results are helpful to guide the operation of the system.

Toward an Intelligent Campus: IoT Platform for Remote Monitoring and Control of Smart Buildings

With the growing need to obtain information about power consumption in buildings, it is necessary to investigate how to collect, store, and visualize such information using low-cost solutions. Currently, the available building management solutions are expensive and challenging to support small and medium-sized buildings. Unfortunately, not all buildings are intelligent, making it difficult to obtain such data from energy measurement devices and appliances or access such information. The internet of things (IoT) opens new opportunities to support real-time monitoring and control to achieve future smart buildings. This work proposes an IoT platform for remote monitoring and control of smart buildings, which consists of four-layer architecture: power layer, data acquisition layer, communication network layer, and application layer. The proposed platform allows data collection for energy consumption, data storage, and visualization. Various sensor nodes and measurement devices are considered to collect information on energy use from different building spaces. The proposed solution has been designed, implemented, and tested on a university campus considering three scenarios: an office, a classroom, and a laboratory. This work provides a guideline for future implementation of intelligent buildings using low-cost open-source solutions to enable building automation, minimize power consumption costs, and guarantee end-user comfort.

Performance Optimization LoRa Network by Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm to Determination of the Load Profiles in Dwellings

This paper presents a system to improve the performance of the Long Range (LoRa) network using an algorithm derived from the artificial bee colony (ABC), which obtains a minimum packet lost rate (PLR) in the LoRa network and allows to more accurately determine load profiles of dwellings, with smaller a time measurement and less data transmission. The developed algorithm calculates the configuration parameters of the LoRa network, monitoring in real time the data traffic, and is implemented in gateway LoRa network monitor (GLNM). Intelligent measurement equipment has been developed to determine the dwelling load profiles. This energy measurement device for dwelling (EMDD) measures the variables and consumption of electricity in each home with measurement times that can be configured. This research also develops the GLNM gateway, which monitors and receives data from the EMDDs installed and uploads them to the cloud using Firebase. This developed system allows to perform demand forecasting studies, analysis of home consumption, optimization of electricity tariffs, etc., applied to smart grids.

A charge integrator amplifier and trap detector for pico-joule laser pulse energy measurement

We report the characterisation and calibration of a new laser pulse energy measurement device, developed for pico-joule pulse energy measurement at repetition rates up to 1 kHz. The device comprises a charge integration amplifier operating in conjunction with an input charge source; a light trapping photo-detector, which converts an incident laser pulse to a charge pulse. The novel amplifier individually integrates each charge pulse from the source and outputs a corresponding 20-bit resolution digital signal. This signal is converted to pulse energy through post processing, knowing the absolute responsivity of the photodiode detector and the calibration factors of the charge amplifier. A differential evolution algorithm is used to determine optimised values for the feedback capacitors of the amplifier, the amplifier gain and offset.The values measured by the new laser pulse energy meter were compared with those obtained from measurements traceable to both the high and low-level laser pulse energy scales maintained by NIST, Boulder. These were consistent within the combined expanded measurement uncertainty. This new device offers lower uncertainty and portability, suitable for field use.

The Component Detection of Electric Energy Measurement Device Based on SSD Model

With the rapid development of the power grid, the site construction and operation environment is more extensive and complex, the installation work of the electric energy metering device is heavy, and it is easy to not regulate, and it is very difficult for managers to conduct real-time and effective supervision and testing. Therefore, combined with the successful application of deep learning in target detection, we propose a measuring device component detection method based on deep learning SSD model to detect the installation quality, saving time and manpower. The experimental results show that our method can ensure the detection accuracy and speed, which is of great significance for the implementation and monitoring of power system installation specification.

A simple model of mechanical effects to estimate metabolic cost of human walking

Since the advent of energy measurement devices, gait experiments have shown that energetic economy has a large influence on human walking behavior. However, few cost models have attempted to capture the major energy components under comprehensive walking conditions. Here we present a simple but unified model that uses walking mechanics to estimate metabolic cost at different speeds and step lengths and for six other biomechanically-relevant gait experiments in literature. This includes at various gait postures (e.g. extra foot lift), anthropometric dimensions (e.g. added mass), and reduced gravity conditions, without the need for parameter tuning to design new gait trajectories. Our results suggest that the metabolic cost of walking can largely be explained by the linear combination of four costs—swing and torso dynamics, center of mass velocity redirection, ground clearance, and body weight support. The overall energetic cost is a tradeoff among these separable components, shaped by how they manifest under different walking conditions.

A Fast Electrical Energy Measurement Device and Power Consumption Detection Method of Electric Vehicle Charger

A Fast Electrical Energy Measurement Device and Power Consumption Detection Method of Electric Vehicle Charger

The INRiM Thermo-hydraulic Mock-up for Thermal Energy Measurement Devices: Design, Construction and Metrological Characterization

At the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), the first European thermo-hydraulic simulator (mock-up) for testing both traditional and innovative thermal energy measurement devices and heat cost allocators has been recently built up, in the context of the EU Seventh Framework Programme FP7-SME-2012. The INRiM mock-up is an automatically reconfigurable thermo-hydraulic circuit equipped with a sufficient number of sensors aimed at measuring all the physical quantities involved in direct heat metering. It allows simulating typical central heating systems with several types of water radiators as heat exchangers and characterized by different distribution circuit topologies. The paper describes the INRiM thermo-hydraulic mock-up, highlighting its design features and metrological capabilities and discussing the first measurement results.

Comminution test method using small drill core samples

Comminution tests aim to measure the comminution properties of ore samples to be used in designing and sizing the grinding circuit and to study the variation within an ore body. In the geometallurgy context this information is essential for creating a proper resource model for production planning and management and process control of the resource’s exploitation before and during production.Standard grindability tests require at least 10kg of ore sample, which is quite a lot at early project stages. This paper deals with the development of a method for mapping the variability of comminution properties with very small sample amounts. The method uses a lab-scale jaw crusher, standard laboratory sieves and a small laboratory tumbling mill equipped with a gross energy measurement device. The method was evaluated against rock mechanics tests and standard Bond grindability test. Within this approach textural information from drill cores is used as a sample classification criterion.Experimental results show that a sample of approximate 220g already provides relevant information about the grindability behavior of iron ores at 19% mill fillings and 91% fraction of the critical mill speed. The gross energy measured is then used to calculate an equivalent grinding energy. This equivalent energy is further used for predicting the variations in throughput for a given deposit and process.Liberation properties of the ore connected to grindability elaborates energy required for grinding and significances of it when deciding to move to higher grinding energy considering the improvement of liberation of the desired mineral. However, high energy significantly enhanced the degree of liberation of magnetite and is expected to improve the concentrate grade after downstream treatment. The higher the magnetite content the better is the liberability of magnetite and the lower the energy required to liberate the desired mineral. Liberability of magnetite is also affected by texture classes containing low magnetite content. A methodology that combines this information has been developed as a practical framework of geometallurgical modeling and simulation in order to manage technical and economic exploitation of resource at early, project stages and during mining operations.

Heat accounting in historical buildings

The “individual” accounting of thermal energy in household applications (heating, cooling, hot water) is a very essential tool for increasing energy efficiency of buildings equipped by central plants. Furthermore, the availability of real time energy consumptions data, typical of smart metering, enables users to identify the causes of any waste of energy and consequently to adopt adequate strategies to improve energy efficiency.Modern devices for thermal energy measurement and accounting are rarely present in historical buildings, despite energy consumptions are not negligible. In fact, historical buildings exhibit architectural constraints and plant configurations that strongly discourage the use of direct heat meters, both on a technical and economic point of view.This paper primarily deals with an in-depth analysis of thermal energy measurement devices for historical building applications. Furthermore, the authors show the results of a specific metrological analysis that enables both a comparison among the different options and the evaluation of the main criticalities about thermal energy measurements in historical buildings. The authors estimated typical uncertainties in heat accounting systems ranging from about 4.4% (direct heat meters) to 21.6% (insertion time counter compensated with degree-days). Intermediate performance for uncertainty has been estimated for heat cost allocators (about 9.2%) and for not compensated insertion time counters (about 13.4%), respectively.

Design of Smart MVDC Power Grid Protection

Improved reliability and safety of the medium-voltage dc power distribution systems on board of all electric ships are the objectives of this paper. The authors propose the integration of the self-healing capability against faults of the measurement system in power system fault detection and protection systems. While most of previous work in the literature focuses on either one aspect independently, here, the two are integrated. On one hand, our approach addresses also the case of concurrent power system fault and measurement system fault. On the other hand, the proposed approach must be capable of distinguishing between the two types of failure. The proposed architecture is based on exchange of information between energy conversion and measurement devices. This makes the impact of communication delays critical, so its analysis is provided for the proposed case study. The impact on the performance of the measurement validation and protection systems is derived and can provide hints on the design. The protection method used as case study consists in controlling power converters to ride through the power system fault while maintaining power supply to the vital loads. To overcome failures of the measurement system, invalid data were detected and reconstructed through their expected value.

Method of Judging the Energy Measurement Device Error Wiring Based on Checking Tables

Focused on the complexity and Time-consuming of judging the error wiring of the energy measurement device, It extracts a series of electric parameter tables including phase angle table, such as the voltage sequence table, the line voltage location table, phase angle transform table, and phase angle table. And proposes a simple method of judging the error wiring of Three-phase three-wire error wiring of two components energy measurement device. The method based only on the four tables, inspectors only need to look-up the tables in accordance with the measured dates and get the error wiring instead of drawing vector plots. Because these tables root from vector plots. It greatly simplifies inspectors to judge wiring mistake, improves the working efficiency and makes the test results more accurate.

激光脉冲宽度对长脉冲激光能量在线测量装置的影响

激光脉冲宽度对长脉冲激光能量在线测量装置的影响

Pile Driving Process Monitoring Based on Field Energy Measurements

ABSTRACT Modern hydraulic hammers are usually equipped with on-board energy measurement devices. Energy measurements in the field can therefore be taken continuously during entire pile driving processes. This paper outlines a method that directly uses energy measurements from the field for quantitative pile driving process monitoring. The kinetic energy delivered over one meter of pile penetration (KEMP) and the effective transferred energy delivered over one meter of pile penetration (EEMP) against soil resistance are calculated based on field measurements and are used as two indicators for pile driving process monitoring. The relationship between the EEMP and the pile capacity is confirmed by dynamic tests and static load tests on several well-monitored long steel H-piles. The EEMP values compare well with pile capacity predictions from a pile driving analyzer and from static analyses based on standard penetration tests, and with those measured from static load tests. The two energy indicators can also be used to effectively monitor the integrity of piles during construction. Potential pile damage caused by obstructions is illustrated by interpreting the KEMP and EEMP records of three abandoned long steel H-piles.