Energy Indicators For Sustainable Development Research Articles

A Framework for Problem Formulation in Climate Change Issues: Formulating Policy Recommendations Using Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development

This paper aims to explore the application of William Dunn's framework for problem formulation in the context of addressing climate change issues. The study focuses on formulating policy recommendations by utilizing energy indicators within a sustainable development framework. The objective is to assess two potential policy options: Local Technology Innovation with Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Scheme and Model Energy as a Service. By employing Dunn's framework, the paper provides an in-depth explanation of its utilization during the problem formulation phase. This framework offers a systematic approach to understanding and defining complex problems, such as climate change, by considering various perspectives, stakeholders, and causal factors involved. The paper then proceeds to apply the framework to the climate change issue, specifically by incorporating energy indicators within a sustainable development context. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing discourse on climate change policy formulation and provide insights into the practical application of Dunn's framework. The policy recommendations derived from this research can assist policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners in making informed decisions and shaping effective strategies for addressing climate change while advancing sustainable development goals.

Convergence between Indicators for Measuring Sustainable Development and M&A Performance in the Energy Sector

The energy sector is experiencing various transformations. Simultaneously, merger and acquisition (M&A) activities in the sector are surging globally. Extensive research has focused on and analyzed M&As from the perspective of acquirer- and target-level financial performance. In comparison, a significantly lower number of studies have analyzed the macroeconomic impact of M&A activities. The field of and interests in sustainability have also been expanding in recent decades. Sustainable development goal 7 (SDG7), which calls for “affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all” by 2030, is among other sustainable development goals that were established by the UN (United Nations). However, the synthesis of indicators for measuring sustainable development and M&A performance remains a relatively vaguely explored field. Here, we perform SALSA (search, appraisal, synthesis, and analysis) and analyze which M&A and sustainable development performance indicators may be used when analyzing M&A within the energy sector. The employment of an eligible set of indicators measuring sustainable development and M&A performance may be used by practitioners, governments, and scholars for the purpose of monitoring, tracking, and the communication of the progress. The results imply that most popular sustainability measurements are indicators for sustainable energy development (ISED). There is a growing number of studies focusing on and applying country-specific methodologies. The measurement of M&A and sustainability performance faces difficulties in practice implementation due to a lack of availability of data, information, and databases, etc.

Indicators for sustainable energy development: An Icelandic case study

Sustainable energy development is a complex and global policy objective. What needs to be emphasized to reach the objective, varies based on context corresponding to different energy-related challenges. A robust set of context-specific indicators is needed to measure progress towards sustainable energy development. Sustainability indicators enable the monitoring of progress towards policy goals and can inform actions and decision-making. Indicators often reflect the critical issues or challenges that lie ahead. In this study, an iterative stakeholder approach to indicator development is implemented within Iceland. The approach highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement for indicator selection and that indicators need to be context specific. The product of this is a set of indicators for sustainable energy development of the Icelandic energy system. These indicators, based on stakeholder input, reflect national priorities for energy development. Multiple products with policy implications come out of the process; indicators, analysis of stakeholders and their views, a definition of sustainable energy development in the context, a roadmap towards it, and identification of linkages between indicators. Thus, the process can provide a base for energy policy, an action plan towards sustainable energy development that is supported by stakeholders.

Philippine Electricity Power Market Supply Options: Challenges and Policy Implications for Greening Economic Growth, Climate Resiliency, and Low Carbon Future

Over the past few years, energy security and sustainable development have moved up the global agenda. Energy is what makes an economy run. There is a strong correlation between economic development and energy consumption. Energy security plays an important role in all economic sectors in attaining the long-term vision of inclusive economic growth and development of the economy. The attainment of this vision is difficult as it is challenged by the need to build energy infrastructures that are not only responsive to the growing demand but can withstand the maximum credible natural disaster. One of the primary objectives of sustainable development is to make people without access to enough energy be able to meet their needs through the provision of stable, reliable, clean, safe, and affordable energy services. This research will use the Granger Causality test to analyze the causal relationship among the endogenous variables among (1) GNI per capita; (2) GHG Emissions; and (3) Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) between energy-economic development and the influencing factors of power supply security indicators. In the end, this paper expects to suggest that the paper electric power development plans in the country also have implications for the path that would lead the country to what is known as a green economy. It is in this background that energy security and economic growth development are intertwined by public policy. In a broader development sense, public policy draws in the active involvement of the community in identifying problems. Anchored deeply in the national development agenda, the local community develops its own sets of development goals and pushes itself towards realizing this long-range vision. Hence, the output of public policy supported by strategic planning will require effective monitoring and evaluation of programs. This remains to be both a challenge and priority for both the national and local governments.ReferencesAstana, K. (2011). Greening the economy: mainstreaming the environment into economic development. https://sustainabledevelopment .un.org/content/documents/796unece2.pdfAslan, T., Ayşe, A., & Fatma, Z. (2013). The Impact of Electricity Consumption on Economic Development in. Istanbul University School of Economics.Edomah, N. (2018). Economics of Energy Supply. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11713-0..Elahee, K. (2004). Access to Energy: The Key to Poverty Alleviation. Retrieved March 06, 2015, from International Research Foundation for Development Research: http://irfd.org/events/wfsids/virtual/papers/sids_kelahee.pdfEnergy Policy and Planning Bureau - Department of Energy Philippines. (2014). Philippine Energy Plan 2012-2030. Department of Energy.Gradl, C., & Knobloch, C. (2011). Energize the BoP! Energy Business Model Generator for Low-Income Markets (A Practitioners Guide). Enterprise Solutions for Development (ENDEVA).Gujarati, D. (2003). Basic Econometrics (4th Ed.). McGraw-Hill.Hamilton, C., Kellett, J. & Moore, T. (2021). Resourcing A Low Carbon Future.Hossain, Mondal et al. (2018). The Philippines energy future and lowcarbon development strategies. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544218300458International Atomic Energy Agency. (2005). IAEA.( 2005). Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies. IAEA.International Energy Agency. (2013). World Energy Outlook 2010. Paris. IEA.Kanchana, K. & Unesaki, H. (2014). ASEAN Energy Security: An Indicator-based Assessment. Energy Procedia. 56. 163–171. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.145.Leuschner, P. (2014). The Effect of GDP per capita on Renewable Energy Production in China. 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The green economy transition: the challenges of technological change for sustainability. https://sustainableearth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42055-020-00029-yStern, D.I. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve: Encyclopedia of Energy. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-andplanetary-sciences/environmental-kuznets-curveStiglitz, J. E., Sen, A., & Fitoussi, J.-P. (2009). Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE).University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/how-climateworks/greenhouse-effect.U.S. Energy Information Association. (2013, March 22). Today in Energy. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from U.S. Energy Information Association - Independent Statistics and Analysis: http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=10491Wen Center for Social Research Method. (n.d.). Research Methods Knowledge Base. 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It is best to ask: Designing a stakeholder-centric approach to selecting sustainable energy development indicators

Sustainable energy development is a complex and multi-dimensional concept that is integral to sustainable development. This paper offers an approach to selecting comprehensive and robust indicators to monitor progress towards this international policy objective. Numerous weaknesses in current indicator sets for sustainable energy development have been identified, e.g., lack of transparency, imbalanced representation of the pillars of sustainable development, and the absence of stakeholder engagement during development. Currently, no standardized approach to indicator selection exists. In this paper, an iterative process to indicator selection for sustainable energy development is presented. This process is rooted in stakeholder engagement to ensure a representative indicator set and reduce the potential for bias in indicator selection. A diverse and balanced group of stakeholders should be engaged through interviews, focus groups, and a Delphi survey to capture stakeholders' views of sustainable energy development within a particular setting. Based on stakeholder input, the main themes of sustainable energy development are identified, which corresponds to a thematic conceptual framework for indicator development. These results are connected to established indicators to produce a preliminary set of indicators. Subsequently, a set of indicator assessment criteria are applied to assess the quality of indicators and eliminate overly correlated indicators. In the end, a comprehensive and robust set of indicators for sustainable energy development is produced that reflects the context in question. To ensure the usefulness of the indicator set to decision-makers and stakeholders, information such as the necessary formulas and data sources should be provided.

Identification of diagnostic variables for research into the level of development of energy markets

The development of the economies of European countries depends on stable and permanent access to various energy sources such as oil, gas, and coal. Securing the certainty of the necessary minimum energy supply in each country is a basic condition for the energy security of the state and its citizens. The current status and the most probable scenario for the power industry sector shows that the global demand for power will increase between 2000 and 2030 at a rate of 1.8% per year. The energy market in the European Union is under the process of internal integration. Energy transformation requires changes in the structure of energy production in the energy balances of member states in order to achieve the assumed environmental goals. Monitoring the transformation process is a scientific problem in which taxonomic methods are used. The aim of the article is to identify diagnostic variables for comparative analysis of the level of development of energy markets in selected European Union member states. International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Organizations present an original set of 41 indicators for sustainable energy development, which can be divided into groups such as indicators on energy resources, the efficiency of their use, environmental pollution during the exploitation of energy resource and energy production technologies, economic indicators, accessibility to energy for society, energy dependence. Based on forty-one indicators, the availability of data for testing was analyzed. Finally, diagnostic variables were selected for which the available data was collected from the Eurostat database and transformed to the level required in the research. The research results will present the level of development of the Polish energy market in relation to other countries and differences in this respect.

Sustainability indices for energy utilization using a multi-criteria decision model

BackgroundEnergy and water availability are considered vital for a country’s development. An exhaustive review of literature has been undertaken on indicators for sustainable energy development. In addition to energy and water, the resources of the country namely land availability, human capital, and nation’s wealth were also found to be vital for sustainable energy development of any country. These resources have to be optimally used for sustainable energy development which is measured in terms of technical, economic, social, environmental, and institutional indices.MethodsIn this research, a multi-criteria decision model was used to measure sustainable energy development efficiency. The natural resource of the country was considered as the input criteria, while the indices were used as the output criteria. This research is unique in finding if the country’s resources are being utilized in an efficient manner for sustainable development using the multi-criteria fuzzy-analytical hierarchical processing—data envelopment analysis model.ResultsFrom the fuzzy analytical hierarchical processing, it was found that experts were of the opinion that water availability and energy reserves were the most important parameters among the input resources, while environmental and social indices were opined to be the most important parameters among the output indices. Data envelopment analysis model was carried out using assurance region Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes output-oriented method. The results revealed that Togo was the most efficient country with maximum sustainable energy development efficiency. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to find which among the resources were sensitive with respect to energy sustainability for a specific country.ConclusionThe analysis can help countries to benchmark themselves against the country lying in the efficient frontier and draft policies to improve their energy sustainability indices. Similar analysis and comparison can be done for other countries, since this research analysis was carried out only for 48 developing countries.

ENERGY INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC - ECONOMIC DIMENSION

Starting with the publication of the Brundtland Report Our Common Future in 1987, various international and national organizations are developing sets of indicators for measuring and assessing aspects of sustainable development. When developing a national strategy for sustainable development, one should keep in mind the energy indicators of the sustainable development of the country prepared within the UN framework. Real assessment of the level of economic development of Azerbaijan Republic is impossible without the choice of a set of objective energy indicators that allow carrying out diagnostics of the state of the country's economy. In the article the author considers economic dimension energy indicators for sustainable development of Azerbaijan Republic on the basis of the UN methodology. Keywords: energy indicator for sustainable development, sustainable development, oil and natural gas production, Azerbaijan economy, alternative energy resources, equator principles, economic dimension, industrial energy intensities, agricultural energy intensities, household energy intensities, transport energy intensities

Better energy indicators for sustainable development

The UN Sustainable Development Goal 7 aims to deliver affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Tracking progress towards the targets under this goal can spur better energy statistics and data gathering capacity, and will require new indicators that also consider the interplay with other goals.

How to measure national energy sustainability performance: An Icelandic case-study

The development of sustainable energy systems is now firmly on the international agenda. Nations and their governments must strive to implement energy policies that facilitate sustainable development for society. Although Iceland is highly ranked by currently available energy indices, controversy has surrounded the development of previously undeveloped areas for power development and Iceland now finds itself at a crossroads regarding future energy developments. Well-designed indices for measuring the sustainability of energy systems can help policy-makers make the best choices for their national circumstances. However, often indicators and indices suffer from limitations and it may not be advisable to implement indicators designed for global comparisons at local, regional or even national scales. Nonetheless, indices such as those developed by the World Economic Council (WEC), World Economic Forum (WEF) for ranking countries and indicator sets such as the International Atomic Energy Agency's Energy (IAEA) Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development (EISD) may still be useful guides to decision-makers when designing their own national measurement tools provided the indicators fulfil certain criteria. Through interviews with key energy practitioners and decision-makers in energy development in Iceland and an extensive literature review, we identify the challenges faced in sustainable energy development in Iceland. We assess the suitability of indices proposed by organisations like the WEC, WEF and IAEA for reliably measuring the sustainability of energy development in individual countries like Iceland. We find that the indices and indicators evaluated suffer from commonly cited limitations including lack of methodological transparency, misalignment with sustainable development principles, inappropriate metrics, lack of clear targets, failure to capture socio-ecological impacts at different scales and failure to meet the interest of the target audience. Hence, they do not facilitate effective measurement of progress towards sustainable energy development for individual nations. Important issues relating to energy affordability and equity, environmental sustainability, efficiency, energy security and renewables are neglected by the indicators in all cases, although it should be said that the IAEA indicators are more comprehensive in their coverage of energy efficiency, renewables and environmental sustainability. In each case the indicators are at best only partially relevant to the Icelandic case, due to the country's unique energy mix, environment, economic structure and size and standard of living. By identifying their limitations and by examining them in light of criteria for good indicators as recommended by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), we contribute to the discussion on the value and validity of indicators, indices and frameworks. Knowing the potential pitfalls, we are in a better position to design a more effective measurement tool. We conclude that a more comprehensive, multi-level, context-specific measurement tool would be needed for measuring national energy sustainability in Iceland and would require methods that allow broad public participation.

Measuring economic sustainability of energy use: an ANP-based evaluation of some European Union countries and Turkey

This paper presents a new methodology for evaluating the economic sustainability of countries' energy systems. The aim of the work is to improve the support tools for policy makers as the scale and complexity of the global energy industry demands a country-by-country approach to managing change. The proposed participatory analytic network process model was applied to the five largest energy consumers in the European Union, namely France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK plus Turkey - a candidate for the European Union. The criteria used for the evaluations were selected from the economic dimension of the energy indicators for sustainable development. Results show that the best performer country is the UK followed by France, Turkey, Germany, Spain and Italy. Finally, we want to highlight that the methodology is able to grant participated decisions through a multi-expert traceable and transparent assessment process.

Study on Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development

Study on Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development

Sustainable energy in Africa: A comprehensive data and policies review

Abstract Achieving sustainable energy development in a region requires rational use of energy resources and technologies, and the development of appropriate policies. Three concerns are therefore required to achieve these issues: (i) to acquire a picture of the local current energy situation, (ii) to measure the state of development and the progress towards a sustainable energy system, and (iii) to have energy decision- and policy-makers fully aware of the implications on sustainable development of selected policies. It is in this perspective and in the frame of activities on sustainable energy for all and access to energy in developing countries carried out by the UNESCO Chair in Energy for Sustainable Development, that we developed this review. The objective of this paper is to depict the current energy situation of Africa by using the most up to date data, describing it as far as the concept of sustainable development is concerned, and to see if and how energy policies promoted by local players fit with this asset. We assess the energy situation of Africa by combining (i) data, mainly by the International Energy Agency, about national energy balances for primary and electric energy, the Energy Development Index and energy resources, with (ii) a more comprehensive analysis of the African energy system, accomplished by the Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development. An overview of the energy-related policies and action plans developed by different local players in the African continent is also carried out with the goal of providing remarks by coupling such plans with the above mentioned energy analysis.

From system cost minimization to sustainability maximization—A new fuzzy program approach to energy systems analysis

The transformation of existing energy systems into sustainable energy systems is a task which is related to several of the most urgent global problems, e.g. security of energy supply, shortage of resources, and climate change. Energy system modeling has played an important role in the computation of optimal possible future energy systems. In particular, technology oriented bottom-up energy system models have given insight into the required evolution of the energy technology mix. In face of the discussion about climate change, energy systems analysis has focused on the calculation of cost minimal energy futures subject to greenhouse gas mitigation paths, especially CO2 mitigation paths. IKARUS-LP is a model of the German energy system which has been used for optimization tasks of this type. As CO2 mitigation covers only one facet of sustainability, IKARUS-LP has been enhanced to optimize the German energy system for various sustainability targets specified by energy indicators for sustainable development. The resulting model is a fuzzy linear program, IKARUS-FLP. It computes an optimal compromise between the partly contradictory sustainability targets and system cost minimization. In this paper we introduce this model. Emphasis is given to the derivation of the crisp equivalent of the fuzzy problem. We show that a context-based semantics of fuzzy constraints is not adequate and found our semantics on the fuzzy extension principle. In a real-world case study for a time horizon until 2030 the mitigation path approach of IKARUS-LP and the sustainability optimization approach of IKARUS-FLP are compared. The results prove the feasibility of our new approach and its usefulness.

Integrated Analysis and Evaluation Support System on Global Energy Systems for Sustainable Development-Its System Development with a Case Study for Chinese Energy Policy-

An Integrated Analysis and Evaluation Support System for Sustainable Development (IAESSD) has been developed for analyzing and assessing energy systems from the aspect of sustainable development of regional, national even the global levels. The developed IAESSD consists of three major components: Multilevel Flow Model (MFM), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Driver Force, State and Response (DSR) model. The three components are linked together through the Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development (EISD). By using the IAESSD, appropriate options of energy policies can be evaluated by the three steps; (i) calculation of EISD parameters based on the MFM and GIS, (ii) causal analysis for the time changes of the EISD parameters based on the DSR model, and (iii) recommendation and investigation new policy options in qualitative analysis way based on the causal analysis results. The tools and technologies of computer science and software engineering were applied to materialize the three modeling components to develop a workable software platform. As a case study, the whole energy system of China was simulated and evaluated by the developed IAESSD to reduce viable policy in her future from the aspect of sustainable development.

Energy in Brazil: Toward sustainable development?

The objective of this study is to analyze the evolution of the Brazilian energy sector with reference to the results of the business-as-usual scenario of the National Energy Outlook 2030 studies. The analysis was made with, as a starting point, energy indicators for sustainable development, which take into account social, economic and environmental aspects. The study demonstrates that the country has great availability of energy resources and that renewable sources can contribute to maintain a big participation in the production and use of energy, giving the country considerable advantages in economic and environmental terms. As regards the social aspect, on the other hand, the unequal distribution of income continues to be the country's principal weak point in achieving sustainable development.

Energy indicators for sustainable development

Abstract Energy is an essential factor in overall efforts to achieve sustainable development. Countries striving to this end are seeking to reassess their energy systems with a view toward planning energy programmes and strategies in line with sustainable development goals and objectives. This paper summarizes the outcome of an international partnership initiative on indicators for sustainable energy development that aims to provide an analytical tool for assessing current energy production and use patterns at a national level. The proposed set of energy indicators represents a first step of a consensus reached on this subject by five international agencies—two from the United Nations system (the Department of Economic and Social Affairs and the International Atomic Energy Agency), two from the European Union (Eurostat and the European Environment Agency) and one from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the International Energy Agency). Energy and environmental experts including statisticians, analysts, policy makers and academics have started to implement general guidelines and methodologies in the development of national energy indicators for use in their efforts to monitor the effects of energy policies on the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.

Energy decomposition analysis: IEA model versus other methods

In energy decomposition analysis, the International Energy Agency (IEA) model, which is based on the Laspeyres index method, is included in a recent international collaborative initiative on energy indicators for sustainable development for possible adoption [IAEA, 2005. Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodology. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1222_web.pdf)]. From an empirical analysis using the data of the United States, we found that the residual term given by the IEA model could be significant and that the estimates of the impacts of structure and intensity changes given by the model could be quite different from those given by other decomposition methods. The residual term tends to be large when changes in structure and/or energy intensity variables are significant. Since changes in these variables over time are generally larger in the developing countries than in the IEA countries, there is the question about whether the IEA model is an appropriate decomposition method for the developing countries.

Indicators for sustainable energy development in Mexico

Abstract This article presents a summary of a study on the application to the Mexican energy sector of a core set of indicators for sustainable energy development (ISED), developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The study focused on the elaboration of socio‐economic and environmental indicators related to energy production and use, and was aimed at assessing Mexico's existing energy policies and identifying strategies and possible policies that could bring about improvements in major priority areas: energy intensity, atmospheric emissions, energy import dependency and use of renewables. While positive trends have been observed in relation to energy intensity and atmospheric emissions, Mexico is becoming more dependent on imports of gasoline, natural gas and other high‐value secondary energy sources, while exporting significant amounts of primary fuels, such as crude oil. Also, no significant increase has been observed in the use of renewable sources of energy. Social, economic and environmental policies need to be formulated for the energy sector and related investments (public and private) reinforced so that all economic sectors have access to energy from cleaner and more diverse sources.

Indicators for sustainable energy development: Brazil's case study

AbstractThis article summarizes the results of the project on indicators for sustainable energy development (ISED) in Brazil. The project's aim was to present energy related economic, social and environmental data to policy makers in a coherent and consistent form, showing interlinkages, time‐series and cross‐sectoral analyses and assess energy policy. Two priority areas assessed by these indicators, regarding the country's energy supply and demand, helped in the identification of a number of energy policy options that focused on specific aspects of the country's energy sector. On the supply side, these options include the development and stimulation of renewable energy, such as small‐scale hydroelectric, wind, solar photovoltaic power and bagasse cogeneration; stimulation of programmes for ethanol use as automotive fuel and sugarcane bagasse cogeneration; and implementation of natural gas‐fired, combined heat and power (CHP) plants. On the demand side, policy options include: the full implementation of the law on efficiency standards for appliances; expansion of utility investment in end‐use energy efficiency; adoption of targets and protocols to reduce energy intensity in the industrial sector; improvement of passenger transport efficiency; and the creation of a fund to improve energy affordability for the poor.