Energy Efficient Router Research Articles

Traffic Aware Energy Efficient Router: Architecture, Prototype and Algorithms

Energy efficient routers are important and promising devices in the roadmap toward green networking. In this paper, we explore this topic with a traffic aware design that can automatically adapt the router’s energy consumption to the network traffic in real time with transitions at the scale from microseconds to nanoseconds. In this paper, we make three contributions. First, we propose an energy efficient router architecture using frequency scaling, which is extended from the contemporary line card architecture of the router. Second, we prototype our architecture on a gigabit NetFPGA platform, which extends a router design on that platform to dynamically work at six frequencies. Then, we discuss the implementation in detail and present a per-packet-based power consumption model from real-world measurements. Third, we further propose four algorithms, which efficiently and automatically adapt power grades under the methodology of periodical and threshold-based scaling. Our experiments are carried out on two platforms, a NetFPGA prototype for feasible scenarios and a simulator for other scenarios in excess of the NetFPGA port limit with parameters synthetically generated to the real-world measurement. Experimental results show that approximately 25% power can be saved with our architecture and algorithms. Conclusions are also given to summarize our findings.

Greening the NetFPGA Reference Router

Energy efficiency is an important criterion in the design of next generation networks for both economic and environmental concerns. This paper presents an energy-efficient router that is able to dynamically adapt its routing capability in response to real-time traffic load, achieving energy proportional routing. The NetFPGA reference router, which operates at one of two frequencies (125 MHz or 62.5 MHz), requires a board reset to switch frequencies. We have modified the reference router to allow dynamic switching among five operating frequencies. Experiments with real traces indicate that, compared to the reference router, a 10% power reduction can be achieved through dynamic frequency scaling. When the router is further modified to support green traffic engineering and Ethernet port shut-down, power consumption can be reduced by 46% while maintaining the required quality of service. This allows the router to meet the instantaneous performance requirements while minimizing power dissipation. Similar results can be expected when these general power-saving principles are applied in future commercial routers.

Junction Temperature Aware Energy Efficient Router Design on FPGA

Energy, Power and efficiency are very much related to each other. To make any system efficient, Power consumed by it must be minimized or we can say that power dissipation should be less. In our research we tried to make a energy efficient router design on FPGA by varying junction temperature. By varying junction temperature the value of leakage is observed and its effect on total power dissipated is also obtained. This research is made by keeping output load at value 50.The result is also obtained at different frequencies i.e. at 10MHz, 0.1GHz and 1GHz. Different values of output power at observed and reduction the power is calculated accordingly. So this project gives an overview to make the router efficient by varying junction temperature. KeywordsFPGA, Power, Router, Junction Temperature, Energy Efficiency

A frequency adjustment architecture for energy efficient router

With the rapid expansion of customer population and link bandwidth, energy expenditures of the Internet have been rising dramatically. To gain energy efficiency, we propose a novel router architecture, which allows each of its modules to adjust frequency according to traffic loads. Several modulation strategies are also discussed to ensure dwell time on low energy states and reduce blind switches. Our preliminary results show that the frequency adjustment router could save up to 40% of the total energy consumption.

Introduction to the Issue on Green Photonics

The 21 papers in this issue on green photonics cover these broad technical areas: energy-efficient networks and architectures; photonics and electronic technologies for energy-efficient signal processing; optics for energy-efficient router and network design; technologies for energy-efficient optical circuit, burst, and packet switching; novel network paradigms leading to significant energy reduction; photonic and electronics for low-power interconnects; scaling efficiencies enabled by power-aware photonic and electronic-integrated circuits; and current and future trends in energy consumption of ICT and networks.