Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Detector Research Articles

Nanoscopic lignin mapping on cellulose nanofibers via scanning transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy

Cellulose has been developed as an alternative to petrochemical materials. By comparison with refined nanofibers (RCNFs), lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) show particular promise because it is produced from biomass using only mild pretreatment. The mechanical properties of LCNFs depend on the contained lignin. However, the microscopic location of the lignin contained in LCNFs has not been determined. Thus, we developed two methods to detect and visualize lignin. One uses a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector. The other method uses an atomic force microscope (AFM) equipped with a cantilever coated with an aromatic molecule. Both methods revealed that the lignin in LCNFs covers a thin cellulose fiber and is precipitated in a grained structure. In particular, the AFM system was able to determine the nanoscopic location of lignin-rich areas. The present study establishes a strong tool for analyzing the characteristics of lignin-containing materials.Graphical abstract

Superconductivity of Li doped BSCCO mesoscopic fiber

Mesoscopic Li doped BSCCO fibres are synthesized by the electrospinning technology and the sequent sintering treatment. With the assistance of high resolution energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy detector in the Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, we discovered hidden CuO grains and separated Bi-2212 phases, which is proved by the existence of fishtail effect in the magnetization loops. The electric measurement is fulfilled via four probe method with the help of focus ion beam operation. A non-trivial resistance behaviour appears, which can be attributed to its polycrystalline and superconducting phase separation features.

Influence of Mn content on the magnetic properties of the hexagonal Mn(Co,Ge)2 phase

Herein, we report on the effect of Mn content on the magnetic properties of the hexagonal Mn(Co,Ge)2 with composition Mn36+xCo49-xGe15.This compound was previously described as Mn2Co3Ge (MgZn2-type structure), but later as Mn(Co,Ge)2 with its own structure type, all samples in this work follow the same superstructure model. Samples were synthesized by induction melting, the crystal structures were evaluated using a combination of X-ray diffraction together with scanning electron microscopy equipped and an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector. The Curie temperature (TC) is shifted towards lower temperature as the Mn content is increased. On the other hand, the spin reorientation temperature (TSRT) increases and the magnetic moment decreases as the Mn content is increased. The magnetocaloric properties were investigated for the x=1 alloy, Mn37Co48Ge15. It was found that the isothermal entropy change is 2 J kg−1 K−1 at room temperature for an applied field of 5 T.

Biochar from Agro-Forest Residue: Application Perspective Based on Decision Support Analysis

The present work aims at (a) carbonizing agriculture biomass residue; (b) characterizing the obtained biochar; and (c) exploring its potential use for energy/resource recovery purposes. Six types of biomass were carbonized. The biochar was investigated through scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector, thermogravimetric (TGA), proximate, ultimate, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses, along with bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and salt content measurements. The results served as input data for multi-criteria, multi-objective decision analysis of biochar, aiming to evaluate its best application prospective. The TGA identified two general stages: devolatilization (stage 2: 180–560 °C), and combustion (stage 3: 560–720 °C). The activation energy of stage 2 decreased with an increasing heating rate, but the opposite trend was observed for stage 3. The biochar CO2 adsorption suggested possible applications beyond energy conversion technologies. The decision support analysis revealed that peach stones, cherry stones, and grape pomace biochar achieved the most promising results for all evaluated applications (biofuel; catalyst; CO2 sequestration and soil amendment; supercapacitor) in contrast to colza, softwood, or sunflower husks char.

Evaluation of La0.8 Sr0·2MnO3 perovskite prepared by fast solution combustion

La0·8Sr0·2MnO3 (LSM) perovskite as oxygen electrode material for the reversible solid oxide fuel cells (ReSOFC) was synthesized by the fast solution combustion method and assessed for subsequent calcination influence. The microstructural, morphological, compositional and optical properties of the obtained material were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector (EDS) and UV–visible spectroscopy techniques. The XRD results showed the coexistence of rhombohedral R-3c and Pm-3m polymorphs for the perovskite phase, with a decreased fraction of the cubic phase as the temperature and/or time used for the calcination were increased. The HR-TEM images confirmed the existence of the R-3c and Pm-3m polymorphs for the sample subjected to calcination at 1300 °C, showing that the rapid combustion method did not allow the pure formation of the La0·8Sr0·2MnO3 phase for the calcination temperatures below 1400 °C, due to the swiftness of the combustion synthesis 500 °C for 5 min. The average grain size was found to be increased with the calcination time. The EDS analysis depicted a better agreement in stoichiometry with the theoretical composition. The apparent porosity was decreased with the increase in the temperature and calcination time due to the coalescence of the sintering pores. The sample obtained after the calcination at 1400 °C for 8 h exhibited 1.6% of porosity. The hardness was improved with the higher calcination time and temperature and reached a maximum value of 5.7 GPa that merely matched the bulk density. A similar trend was observed in the temperature dependence resistivity studies and all the samples presented a low resistivity of ∼1.2 Ω cm in the temperature range of 600–700 °C. The optical characterization exhibited a broad absorption in 560–660 nm.

Quantification of the carbon content of single grains in martensite-ferrite dual phase steel by UHV-EDXS

The detection and quantification of carbon by conventional energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) performed under standard conditions is not feasible due to occurring contaminations in common electron microscopes. In contrast, novel ultra high vacuum EDXS (UHV-EDXS) was used to acquire elemental mappings of carbon on dual phase (DP) steel, which exhibits a microstructure consisting of ferrite and martensite. These phases differ in hardness, local dislocation density and, most importantly, in their carbon content. Since the UHV conditions in combination with a customized windowless EDXS detector ensured a minimization of hydrocarbon contamination during the measurements and a maximization of the sensitivity for the detection of light elements, UHV-EDXS carbon mappings could successfully be obtained, which clearly reflect the ferrite and martensite microstructure of the investigated DP steels, as confirmed by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). Most importantly, it was possible to quantify the carbon content of individual grains with concentrations as low as 0.25 wt%. Furthermore, nano-hardness tests were performed on the very same grains which were characterized by UHV-EDXS and EBSD. It is shown that the hardness of the martensite grains is correlated to their carbon content, as directly determined by UHV-EDXS. With this new method an additional tool for advanced material characterization of multiphase materials on the level of individual grains is now available. • Quantification of low carbon concentrations is obtainable by EDXS under UHV conditions. • The carbon content of single martensite grains was determined by UHV-EDXS in DP steels. • Nanoindentation was equally performed on individual martensite and ferrite grains of the DP steels. • Correlation between the hardness of the grains, the martensite volume fraction and the carbon content in the martensite was proven.

Controlled Release of TGF-β3 for Effective Local Endogenous Repair in IDD Using Rat Model.

IntroductionIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is one of the most widespread musculoskeletal diseases worldwide and remains an intractable clinical challenge. Currently, regenerative strategies based on biomaterials and biological factors to facilitate IVD repair have been widely explored. However, the harsh microenvironment, such as increased ROS and acidity, of the degenerative region impedes the efficiency of IVD repair. Here, an intelligent biodegradable nanoplatform using hollow manganese dioxide (H-MnO2) was developed to modulate the degenerative microenvironment and release transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3), which may achieve good long-term therapeutic effects on needle puncture-induced IDD.MethodsSurface morphology and elemental analysis of the MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were performed by transmission electron microscopy and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector system, respectively. The biological effects of MnO2 loaded with TGF-β3 (TGF-β3/MnO2) on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were assessed via cytoskeleton staining, EdU staining, qPCR and immunofluorescence. The efficacy of TGF-β3/MnO2 on needle puncture-induced IDD was further examined using MRI and histopathological and immunohistochemical staining.ResultsThe MnO2 NPs had a spherical morphology and hollow structure that dissociated in the setting of a low pH and H2O2 to release loaded TGF-β3 molecules. In the oxidative stress environment, TGF-β3/MnO2 was superior to TGF-β3 and MnO2 NPs in the suppression of H2O2-induced matrix degradation, ROS, and apoptosis in NPCs. When injected into the IVDs of a rat IDD model, TGF-β3/MnO2 was able to prevent the degeneration and promote self-regeneration.ConclusionUse of an MnO2 nanoplatform for biological factors release to regulate the IDD microenvironment and promote endogenous repair may be an effective approach for treating IDD.

Graphene Oxide as a Collagen Modifier of Amniotic Membrane and Burnt Skin.

IntroductionThe aim of this interdisciplinary study was to answer the question of whether active antioxidants as graphene oxide (GO), sodium ascorbate, and L-ascorbic acid modify at a molecular and supramolecular level the tissue of pathological amnion and the necrotic eschar degraded in thermal burn. We propose new solutions of modifiers based on GO that will become innovative ingredients to be used in transplants (amnion) and enhance regeneration of epidermis degraded in thermal burn.MethodsA Nicolet 6700 spectrophotometer with Omnic software and the EasiDiff diffusion accessory were used in FTIR spectroscopic analysis. A Nicolet Magna-IR 860 spectrometer with an FT Raman accessory was used to record the Raman spectra of the samples. The surface of the samples was examined using a Phenom ProX scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector to diagnose and illustrate morphological effects on skin and amnion samples. SAXS measurements were carried out with a compact Kratky camera equipped with the SWAXS optical system.ResultsCharacterisation of amide I–III regions, important for molecular structure, on both FTIR and FTR spectra revealed distinct shifts, testifying to organization of protein structure after GO modification. A wide lipid band associated with ester-group vibrations in phospholipids of cell membranes and vibrations of the carbonyl group of GO in the 1,790–1,720 cm−1 band were observed in the spectra of thermally degraded and GO-modified epidermis and pathological amnion. SAXS studies revealed that GO caused a significant change in the structure of the burnt skin, but its influence on the structure of the amnion was weak.ConclusionModification of burn-damaged epidermis and pathological amnion by means of GO results in stabilization and regeneration of tissue at the level of molecular (FTIR, FTR) and supramolecular (SAXS) interactions.

Tracing the influence of small additions of antimony to zinc on the hydrogen evolution and anodic dissolution processes of zinc as anodes for alkaline batteries application

The processes of hydrogen evolution reaction and anodic dissolution of zinc and zinc-antimony alloys with different antimony amounts (0.5 and 1%) immersed in 6 M KOH were tested via many electrochemical methods as Tafel polarization, cyclic voltammetry (CV), impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and charge-discharge. Newly formed phases, the morphology of the surface, and chemical composition for Zn and Zn–Sb alloys after and before corrosion were determined via appreciated analysis instruments as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector (EDS). The results of Tafel plots exhibited that, the protection efficiency of corrosion (η%) gets greater with the increase of both temperature and Sb content. It is impressive to note that, η% for Zn–Sb alloy (1%Sb) reaches the highest value of 98.55% at the higher studied temperature (55 °C). The potential of corrosion (Ecorr.) is shifted to a more negative position with the increase of antimony addition to zinc. This reveals that minor alloying amounts of Sb with Zn plays an important role to improve the suppression of the evolved hydrogen, charge efficiency, capacitance, and lifetime of alkaline batteries. Surface investigations revealed the presence of ZnSb and Zn4Sb3 phases on the alloy surface have an essential function in the protection of zinc anodes, and improvement of charge-discharge.

Influence of Process Parameters on Copper Content in Reduced Iron Silicate Slag in a Settling Furnace

During the pyrometallurgical extraction of copper, a significant fraction of this metal is lost with discard slag, which decreases profits and overall copper recovery. These copper losses can be reduced by using a settling furnace, in which suspended droplets containing copper separate from slag under the influence of gravity. An industrial trial was conducted in a settling furnace to increase the knowledge of the effect of temperature and settling time on the copper content of slag, and thus enhance the settling process to increase copper recovery. Slag samples were collected from four sample points: the ingoing and outgoing slag stream, within the furnace during settling, and the granulated slag. The chemical composition of the slag samples was analyzed and compared between batches with different temperatures and settling times. The appearance of copper and its associated phases were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector (SEM-EDS). The results indicated that the outgoing slag copper content increased with an increase in temperature, and it was also concluded to be influenced by the attachment of copper to spinels and gas bubbles. The results indicate that regulating the settling furnace temperature to a lower interval could increase copper recovery.

Prevention of Dendrites on Graphite By K+ Cation Addition to Electrolyte

With the ever-increasing demand for energy, one of the biggest challenges with Lithium ion batteries (LIB) is to enable the fast charging capability for automotive electrification. However, graphite, the most common anode material for LIB cannot fully accommodate fast charging and provokes safety issues such as lithium plating and subsequent dendrite growth. This could lead to an internal short circuit, which can result in a fire in the battery. In this work, a systematic study has been performed with various concentrations of KPF6 salt addition to electrolyte in order to understand the effect of salt additives on dendritic growth in graphite anodes. K ions easily deposit on defect sites present on graphite particles, confirmed by secondary electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector (EDX). This prevents the dendrite formation by restricting the incoming Li ions even at 2C-rate (corresponding to 5.52mA) cycling, which was observed by SEM imaging. After close inspection, it concluded that, the KPF6 modified electrolyte is very much beneficial in inhibiting dendritic morphology without forming SEI products (confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; XPS). Moreover, there were no observable adverse effects on the electrochemical properties, such as capacity, ionic conductivity and resistance of the cell.

Identifying sialoliths through SEM technology

ObjectiveTo define SEM characteristics that may aid identification of sialoliths. Materials: Two sialoliths from modern patients affected by sialadenitis. MethodsSamples were coated with silver and subjected to scanning electron microscopy using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector. Samples were then sectioned to permit study of the internal structure. ResultsSialoliths show an external smooth surface with no distinctive features. Internal structures consist of a distinctive aggregate of coarse granules of different sizes surrounded by a lamellar coat. Elemental composition consists of carbon, phosphate, calcium and oxygen, with traces of magnesium. The proportion of these elements differs between the core and the surface. ConclusionAlthough elemental composition is not specific, SEM analyses of sialoliths greatly differ from those of sesamoid bones, gallstones and nephroliths. Therefore, SEM analysis constitutes a useful tool for the precise identification of small calcified structures recovered during archaeological excavations. SignificancePrecise identification of calcified structures may provide information about nutritional and/or pathological aspects of past individuals. LimitationsSialoliths are less common than other types of calcifications, and only two cases were analyzed in this study. Future prospectsSEM technology should be applied to identify the etiology of all minute calcified remains recovered during archaeological excavations of burial sites.

Direct measurement of TEM lamella thickness in FIB-SEM.

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimen preparation by focused ion beam (FIB) milling requires delicate polishing of a thin window of material during the final stages of the procedure. Over or underpolishing is common and requires extra microscope resources to correct. Despite some methods for lamella thickness measurement being available, the majority of users judge the final polishing step subjectively from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images acquired between milling steps. Here we demonstrate successful thickness determination of thin silicon lamellae using calibrated secondary electron detectors in a FIB-SEM dual-beam chamber. Unlike previous thickness measurement methods it does not require long acquisition times, the use of in-chamber scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) or energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy detectors. The calibration aligns a SEM image to an electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) map of lamella thickness acquired in a TEM. This calibration reveals the greyscale-thickness dependence of two secondary electron SEM detectors: the through-lens detector (TLD) and the in-chamber electron detector (ICE). It was found that lamella thickness estimation for TLD images is accurate for areas thinner than 0.4 t/λ, whilst ICE images are most accurate for areas thicker than 0.5 t/λ up to 1.1 t/λ. The procedure presented here allows objective lamella thickness determination during the final stages of FIB specimen preparation using conventional imaging modes for common secondary electron detectors. LAY DESCRIPTION: Successful analysis of a material in a transmission electron microscope requires very thin windows of the material to be fabricated. Despite the quality of this analysis relying heavily on the thickness of the window, measuring thickness during window fabrication is not common practice. The authors show that it is possible to measure the thickness of the window directly in a focused-ion-beam chamber with a scanning electron microscope without altering the fabrication procedure, and using electron detectors common to most microscopes.

Magnetocaloric Effect in SmNi2 Compound

The structure and magnetocaloric properties of SmNi2 intermetallic material has been studied by X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. Rietveld refinements and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector show that the SmNi2 intermetallic is single phase. This intermetallic adopts the MgCu2 structure type of cubic Laves phase (space group $$ Fd\bar{3}m $$) and stabilizes without vacancy in Sm site. The magnetic properties and the entropy change have been investigated by the magnetic measurements. The compound obeys to the second-order magnetic phase transition. The Curie temperature of SmNi2 is determined by the minima of dM/dT. The magnetocaloric effect has been estimated using two different approaches, the thermodynamic Maxwell’s relation and the Landau theory. These studies are discussed in terms of magnetocaloric effect (MCE). The maximum value of the magnetic entropy ($$ \Delta {\text{S}}_{\text{M}} $$) is equal to 1.82 J/kg K and the relative cooling power for SmNi2 is equal to 23.5 J/kg. Besides, the MCE analysis proves a contribution of the magnetoelastic coupling to the entropy change.

Microscopic behavior and metallic iron morphology from reduction of iron oxide by CO/H2in a fluidized bed

Fe2O3particles reduced by CO or H2exhibit different metallic iron morphology. To determine the mechanism of metallic iron formation during the reduction of iron oxide particles by CO/H2in a fluidized bed, an innovative multiscale method was used. This method was validated by experimental results. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the CO molecule has a strong stretching effect on the iron ion of wustite in the vertical direction, but the H2molecule has no directional force on the structure of wustite. The energy released from CO reduction is used to overcome the energy barrier of iron ion diffusion. However, H2addition will hinder iron ion diffusion by consuming energy. By analysis of the thermogravimetric curves of Fe2O3reduction, it was found that the adsorption ability of H2on the surface of FeO is weaker than that of CO. However, the reduction rate is higher under H2atmosphere, according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm theory. The morphology of metallic iron during the reduction of iron oxide particles by CO/H2was observed with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector

Synthesis of SrFe12O19/SiO2/TiO2 composites with core/shell/shell nano-structure and evaluation of their photo-catalytic efficiency for degradation of methylene blue

The SrFe12O19/SiO2/TiO2 nanostructures with hard magnetic core were successfully synthesized through the facile and efficient wet chemical processes. At first, nanocrystalline strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) powder was prepared using a new co-precipitation route in ethanol/water media. In the next step, SrFe12O19/SiO2 composites were produced by well-known Stober method using tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursor. Finally titania was coated on SrFe12O19/SiO2 composite particles using titanium n-butoxide precursor. The core/shell/shell nanostructures have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier transform infrared spectra, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector. The catalytic activity of SrFe12O19/SiO2/TiO2 composites has been investigated in the degradation of methylene blue dye under UV illumination. The results indicated that the obtained SrFe12O19/SiO2/TiO2 composite has photo-catalytic properties and can be retrieved by magnetic separation. The photo-degradation of methylene blue dye was about 80% in the presence of photo-catalyst powder at irradiation time of 180 min. Recycled composite particles could be used again.

Promising Soft Coating Material for Protection of Foldable Substrates Exposed to Corrosive Environment

Surface modification of various materials is important to impart the desired surface characteristics to them for their improved performance for industrial as well as domestic use. Preparation of suitable coating materials to enhance the efficacy of the substrates of engineering importance is necessary for offering wide spectrum of applications. Performance evaluation of the coating material for foldable materials is indeed important to justify its compatibility with the substrates. Here we demonstrate the potential of the soft polymeric coating especially for the foldable material to impart resistance towards highly corrosive environment. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used with the cross-linking agent to prepare the coating material. The experiments were performed to explore the effects of the polymeric coating on the foldable aluminium foils exposed to corrosive environment for wide pH range and long exposure time. The experiments with the contact angle measurements revealed the potential of flexible PDMS coatings for the foldable materials to enhance their surface characteristics. The durability of the polymeric coating was also justified with the surface morphology demonstrated by the micrographs obtained using scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector. The findings of the present work confirm the suitability of the cost effective and biocompatible soft polymeric coating materials especially for the surface modification of foldable substrates for variety of applications, and open up new research direction to improve the adhesion of soft polymeric coating materials with tunable viscoelasticity on to the flexible substrates.

Micro-mechanical properties of calcium sulfoaluminate cement and the correlation with microstructures

To investigate the micro-mechanical properties of calcium sulfoaluminate cement and the correlation with the microstructures, we apply a variety of advanced techniques of microstructural and micro-mechanical characterization, including scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detectors, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation. For the first time, the micro-mechanical properties of material microstructures present in a calcium sulfoaluminate cement are estimated. In the calcium sulfoaluminate cement used in this research, two type of hydration product microstructures with the differentiable microstructural morphologies, compositions and micro-mechanical properties are identified and investigated. The correlation of the micro-mechanical properties with the microstructures shows that the hydration product microstructure containing more ettringite has lower indentation modulus and hardness than that containing more aluminum hydroxide.

Influence of dentin pretreatment with synthetic hydroxyapatite application on the bond strength of fiber posts luted with 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate‐containing luting systems

The aim of this in vitro study was evaluate the effect of application of synthetic hydroxyapatite on fiber post bond strength to radicular dentine. Forty, single-root teeth were endodontically treated and an 8 mm post space was prepared. Specimens were randomly placed in four groups (n = 10 in each) and treated using the following fiber post luting procedures: group 1, 17% EDTA + Panavia SA; group 2, 17% EDTA + Teethmate Desensitizer + Panavia SA; group 3, All-Bond Universal + Duo-Link Universal; and group 4, All-Bond Universal + Teethmate Desensitizer + Duo-Link Universal. Fiber posts were luted in the post space and light-cured for 120 s using a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. After 7 d of storage at 37°C, the teeth were cut into 1-mm-thick slices, which were subjected to a push-out test until failure using a universal testing machine. Two specimens per group were prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. An energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector was used for elemental analysis of the specimen surface. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way anova. The fiber post bond strength was statistically significantly increased after the application of Teethmate Desensitizer to post space walls, either with a 10-MDP-containing self-adhesive cement or with a universal adhesive. Scanning electron microscopy and EDAX analysis showed that Teethmate Desensitizer created a calcium phosphate precipitate over post space dentinal tubules, which significantly improved the bond strength of the fiber post luted with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP)-containing adhesive systems.

Effect of Substrate Temperature on Magnetic Properties of Electroplated 82Ni–15Fe–3W Alloy Films

Nanocrystalline soft magnetic Ni–Fe–W alloy films are electroplated by applying different substrate temperatures. In this paper, the effect of substrate temperatures on the magnetic properties is investigated. The morphology and the composition of the plated layers are determined by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector, respectively. Structure and average grain size are characterized by the X-ray diffraction analysis. Magnetic properties of the plated alloy are determined by using the vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the coercivity and relative permeability of the plated films can be optimized by changing the substrate temperature. The lowest coercivity value of 257 A/m and the high relative permeability value of 487 are obtained at the substrate temperature value of 5 °C. Plated alloy films have face centered cubic structure. In addition, an increase in the substrate temperature results in an increase in the strain and roughness.