Energy Dispersive X-ray Results Research Articles

Targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil and shikonin by blended and coated chitosan/pectin nanoparticles for treatment of colon cancer

Herein, 5-fluorouracil and shikonin (extracted from Fusarium tricinctum) were loaded in chitosan/pectin nanoparticle (CS/PEC-NPs), prepared by blending (B-CS/PEC-NPs) and coating (C-CS/PEC-NPs) methods. The nanoparticles characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Differential Light Scattering (DLS). Then, some properties of the nanoparticles such as drug release rate and the nanoparticles cytotoxicity were studied. The FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM and DLS results showed that the nanoparticles synthesized properly with an almost spherical morphology, an average size of 82–93 nm for B-CS/PEC-NPs, an average diameter of below 100 nm (mostly 66–89 nm) for C-CS/PEC-NPs, and hydrodynamic diameter of 310–817 nm. The drug release results indicated the lower release rate of drugs for B-CS/PEC-NPs relative to C-CS/PEC-NPs at different pHs, high release rate of drugs for the nanoparticles in the simulated large intestinal fluids containing pectinase, and Korsmeyer-Peppas model for release of the drugs. The results showed more cytotoxicity of B-CS/PEC-NPs containing drugs, especially B-CS/PEC-NPs containing both drugs (B-CS/PEC/5-FU/SHK-NPs) after treating with pectinase (IC50 of 18.6 μg/mL). In conclusion, despite the limitation of C-CS/PEC-NPs for simultaneous loading of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, B-CS/PEC-NPs showed suitable potency for loading and targeted delivery of the drugs.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Olea europaea L. extracted polysaccharides, characterization, and its assessment as an antimicrobial agent against multiple pathogenic microbes

Abstract Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized the medical field, particularly in the treatment and prevention of disease. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered one of the best supreme and most important nanomaterials with a variety of compulsive nanomaterial having diverse array of multifunctional bioapplications. The current study focuses on the green biosynthesis of AgNPs using polysaccharides extracted from Olea europaea leaves. The synthesized AgNPs were thoroughly analyzed and characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption peak at 440 nm showed a high plasmon resonance band, confirming the formation of green AgNPs by the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0. FTIR analysis showed the appearance and extension of different functional groups. The results of EDX and SEM confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs with spherical shape, crystalline structure, and an average size of 64.42 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs possessed improved antimicrobial activities, indicating the importance of biosynthesized NPs in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs were biocompatible and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity (86.29%), almost similar to that of a standard drug (87.78%) at a concentration of 500 µL/mL. The polysaccharides obtained from O. europaea could be considered as effective reducing agent, leading to an environmentally friendly synthesis of stable and biologically important AgNPs with a wide range of applications.

Synthesis of Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles by Plant Extract Mediated and their Effect on Biofilm Formation

In the current work, Punica granatum L. peel, Artemisia herba-alba Asso., Matricaria chamomilla L., and Camellia sinensis extracts were used to prepare manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles utilizing a green method. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and Filed emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis were used to evaluate the produced MnO2 NPs. FE-SEM pictures demonstrated how agglomerated nanoparticles formed. According to FE-SEM calculations, the particle size ranged from 18.7-91.5 nm. FTIR spectra show that pure Mn-O is formed, while EDX results show that Mn and O are present. The ability to suppress biofilm growth in the produced MnO2 NPs was examined. The outcomes showed that both bacterial and fungal biofilms were effectively inhibited by the MnO2 NPs produced.

Fabrication, Structural Properties, and Electrical Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposite Materials for Dielectric Applications.

This research paper aims to fabricate flexible PVA/Cs/TiO2 nanocomposite films consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Cs), and titanium oxide (TiO2) for application in energy storage devices. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The impact of TiO2 on the electrical impedance, conductivity, permittivity, and energy efficiency of the PVA/Cs was determined in a frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 GHz. The XRD, FTIR, and EDX results showed the successful fabrications of the PVA/Cs/TiO2. The SEM and AFM images illustrated that the TiO2 was loaded and distributed homogenously in PVA/Cs chains. In addition, the electrical conductivity was enhanced from 0.04 × 10-7 S.cm-1 of PVA/Cs to 0.25 × 10-7 S.cm-1 and 5.75 × 10-7 S.cm-1, respectively, for the composite PVA/Cs/0.01TiO2 and PVA/Cs/0.1TiO2, and the dielectric constant grew from 2.46 for PVA/Cs to 7.38 and 11.93, respectively. These results revealed that modifications were made to the produced films, paving the way for using the composite PVA/Cs/TiO2 films in different energy applications, such as electronic circuits and supercapacitors.

Carbon-Tunable p-type ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of Eriochrome Black T

Zinc oxide-mediated photocatalysis is a promising alternative to TiO2 photocatalysis, especially for the purpose of removal of recalcitrant organic dye pollutants. Highly crystalline, nanoscopic carbon-doped ZnO was successfully synthesized via combined precipitation and mechanochemical approach and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The obtained photocatalysts depict plate-like morphology and hexagonal wurtzite structure. The XRD, SEM, and FTIR analyses were in good agreement with EDX results. The 5wt % C-doped ZnO showed remarkable visible light-photocatalytic activity based on the degradation of Eriochrome Black T (EBT), and exhibits the best point of zero charge (pHpzc) for a favorable adsorption equilibrium. This degradation process was optimized at 97 % using response surface methodology (RSM) using a 0.1 g C-ZnO, 5.00 mg/L EBT and pH 11. The associated kinetic data fit the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The resulting C-ZnO was a p-type with a good pH at zero-point charge that permits the substantial removal of EBT by C-doped under visible light irradiation over a wide range of initial pH.

Development and optimization of low surface free energy of rGO-PVDF mixed matrix membrane for membrane distillation

In this research work, mixed matrix membranes were fabricated by synthesising and blending reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane via a facile phase inversion process. Low and high loadings of rGO were incorporated into the PVDF membrane matrix to study its physicochemical properties which could be analysed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), surface analyser and atomic force microscopes (AFM). All fabricated mixed matrix membranes exhibit low surface free energy (SFE) properties compared with the pristine membrane which is suitable for the application in membrane distillation (MD) system. Besides, high rGO loadings in PVDF membrane resulted in a smaller membrane pore size and rougher membrane surface. The successful blend-in of rGO in PVDF membrane could be further confirmed with FESEM, EDX, SFE and AFM results. The performance of fabricated membranes was evaluated with a prolonged desalination process via direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). It was found that low rGO-PVDF mixed matrix membranes exhibit a better permeate flux of 31.92 ± 2.85 L/m2.hr which has 31.79 % increase in flux compared with pristine membrane. All membranes have 99.99 ± 0.05 % of salt rejection for 40 h of DCMD operation. Membranes after the desalination process were analysed and it was found that the rGO is stable in the membrane matrix and low loadings of rGO in PVDF membrane could improve MD desalination performance. Besides, optimization of rGO loadings using response surface methods (RSM) was employed and the result showed that 1.36 wt% of rGO-loading in PVDF membrane matrix could result in 34.69 ± 2.74 L/m2.hr of permeate flux.

Engineering of window layer cadmium sulphide and zinc sulphide thin films for solar cell applications

The synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films materials was carried out in three electrode configurations on electrically conductive fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. The materials were synthesized due to their wide range of applications in photovoltaic devices. Despite the potentials of the materials in heterojunction-based devices, little efforts have been made to place the materials side by side to be able to suggest the most environmentally friendly with good potentials for solar cell applications. In this paper, we synthesized and characterized the materials using electrodeposition (ED) technique for materials’ synthesis, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) for structural properties, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphological properties, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for elemental composition and Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis) for optical properties. The XRD results show an increase in the crystallite sizes of the materials with increasing cathodic voltages from 10.30 to 15.20 nm; the SEM results show evenly distributed and adherent materials on the substrate; the EDX and XRF results show the qualitative and quantitative elements present; and the UV-vis results show a decrease in the energy band gap with increasing cathodic voltage of both CdS and ZnS thin films from 2.53 to 2.29 eV and 3.78–3.56 eV, respectively.

Study of antibacterial performance of biosynthesized pure and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles

In the present paper, pure and silver-doped zinc oxide (Ag-doped ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared using a green route and employing Salvadora persica leaf extract. Antibacterial performance of synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) survey on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria through disk diffusion and micro-dilution technics was also studied. The synthesized NPs were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. XRD and EDX results presented that the silver was well doped into the structure of ZnO. In addition, spherical shape of this product, as well as the average size of 25–40 nm, were observed in the results of FESEM and TEM images. The results of disk diffusion and microdilution of synthesized nanoparticles showed that Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles, have more antibacterial performance than pure zinc oxide nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. So, synthesized NPs can be proposed as a choice in clinical and laboratory applications.

Green Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Material Nanokomposit TiO2/CuO Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Wedelia trilobata (L.)

TiO2/CuO nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized using Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaf extract with TiCl3 and Cu(NO3)2 3H2O as precursors. The material formed was then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the shape and size and then energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) characterization to determine the atomic composition contained in this nanocomposite material. The results of SEM and EDX show that the material is spherical in shape and has an average size of 42 nm. The composition of TiO2 is 73.38% and CuO is 4.32%. Furthermore, the sample is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in which the diffraction peaks are at angles of 2 theta, 25.646° and 47.511° indicating TiO2 nanoparticle. Meanwhile, peaks are at 38.367° and 74.379° indicate CuO nanoparticle. Determination of the energy band gap of the material using the results of ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) is 3.5 eV. Measurement of magnetic properties using VSM equipment. Based on the hysteresis curve, the TiO2/CuO nanocomposite material has diamagnetic properties and is a soft magnet material.

TiO2 nanocomposite ceramics doped with silver nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli

The development of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment has been identified as one of the most important environmental challenges facing the world. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) fibrous nanocomposites doped with novel silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized by combining sol–gel and electrospinning methods. For this aim, Ag NPs were fabricated via the microwave-assisted green synthesis method by using soluble starch as a reducing agent. The produced electrospun nanocomposites doped with Ag NPs were calcined at 700 °C for the decomposition of the polymer from the nanofiber structure and attain the anatase phase formation of TiO2. Also, pure TiO2 ceramic membrane was synthesized in the same way to compare the doping effect of Ag NPs on nanocomposite material. After the heat treatment process, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques were utilized to characterize the morphological and structural properties of nanocomposite membranes. Different weight percentages of Ag NPs (2% and 2.5%) were used to investigate the effect of the Ag concentration on antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the maximum antibacterial activity (99.999%) was achieved by TiO2 nanocomposite membrane doped with 2.5% Ag NPs. Based on the FTIR spectra, it was determined that the polymer was successfully removed by calcination at 700 °C. XRD, XPS and EDX results showed that Ag nanoparticles were incorporated and dispersed in TiO2 ceramic nanofibrous structure successfully. The photocatalytic ability of the nanofiber membranes was measured according to methylene blue (MB) concentration change in the aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The very high degradation rate of MB of 94.6% was reached with TiO2 nanocomposite membrane doped with 2.5% Ag NPs showing the synergistic effect of TiO2 and Ag NPs. The results indicate that Ag NPs–TiO2 nanocomposite membrane could efficiently degrade MB upon irradiation with UV light, showing greater photocatalytic activity and antibacterial activity than the pure TiO2 nanofibers.

Experimental study of corrosion behavior between the material-type and process-type super-high sucker rod steels in a near neutral high sulfide environment

Corrosion behavior of material-type (HL) and process-type (HY) super-strength sucker rod steels 11Mn2SiCrMoA (BZ-11H) and 30CrMoA in a high sulfide-containing solution is investigated by electrochemical measurement, weight loss method, electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (BZ-11H) analysis, respectively. The results show that BZ-11H steel has a higher corrosion resistance than 30CrMoA in the near neutral high sulfide environment. EDX and XRD analysis results indicate that the corrosion processes of these two materials are mainly controlled by the small amount of alloy elements they contain, which also determine the contents of corrosion product deposits and the difference in corrosion rates. The interactions between Fe, SO42−, CO2 and O2 lead to the formation of FeS, FeCO3 and Fe2O3, and consequently cause the difference in corrosion rate or corrosion resistance.

Water Purification through a Novel Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Membrane.

Here, we report water purification through novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based carbon nanofibers synthesized through the electrospinning technique. In our novel approach, we mix PVA and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with green tea solutions with different concentrations to synthesize carbon-based nanofibers (CNFs) and further calcine at 280 °C for carbonization. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show the diameter of the nanofibers to be ∼500 nm, which decreases by about 50% after carbonization, making them more suitable candidates for the filtration process. Next, using these carbon nanofibers, we prepare filters for water purification. The synthesized CNF filters show excellent performance and successful removal of contaminants from the water by analyzing the CNF-based filters before and after the filtration of water through SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Our SEM and EDX results indicate the presence of various nanoparticles consisting of different elements such as Mg, Na, Ti, S, Si, and Fe on the filters, after the filtration of water. Additionally, the SEM results show that PVA and TEOS concentrations play an important role in the formation, uniformity, homogeneity, and particularly in the reduction of the nanofiber diameter.

A novel durable flame retardant for cotton fabrics based on diethylenetriamine

A novel flame retardant, diethylenetriamine pentamethyl triphosphonate methyl ester ammonium diphosphonate flame retardant (DETA-P), was synthesized and characterized by NMR and FTIR. DETA-P-treated cotton fabrics showed excellent flame retardancy and durability. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of cotton fabrics treated with 30 wt% DETA-P reached 40.7% and after 50 laundering cycles (LCs), according to the AATCC 61-2013 2A standard, still reached 29.0%. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) results of showed that there were P and N elements in CF-3. After 50 LCs, the total metal ion content of DETA-P treated cotton was noticeably lower than that of ammonium salt of diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonic acid (ADTPMPA)-treated cotton. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX results suggested that DETA-P molecules entered the cotton fiber interior. The results of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and durability analyses showed that DETA-P grafted the –OH of cellulose molecules through P–O–C in cotton fibers. Thermogravimetry (TG) results showed that DETA-P changed the thermal decomposition pathway of cotton fibers. The cone calorimetry results indicated that the heat release rate and total heat release of DETA-P-treated cotton were much lower than for untreated cotton. These results showed that the introduction of phosphonate groups and reactive ammonium phosphorus acid groups into a flame retardant molecule was an effective method to improve the flame retardancy and durability of the cotton fibers.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of green synthesized ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles on brain glioblastoma cells

This study introduces a green preparation method for un-doped and 1, 4, and 8% silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag-doped ZnO NPs) by exerting the aqueous extract of Salvadora persica. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed through Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Raman analyses. The results of PXRD, EDX, and UV–Vis confirmed the existence of well-doped silver in zinc oxide structure, while the FESEM outcomes exhibited their spherical shape and average size of 40–15 nm. The toxicity effect of synthesized un-doped (ZnO NPs alone) and Ag-doped ZnO NPs on brain glioblastoma cells (U87) was investigated by performing the WST-1 test. Accordingly, the un-doped ZnO NPs was observed to cause more toxic effects on U87 cells when being compared to the case of silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Thus, the stronger inhibitory effect of synthesized un-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles against U87 cells was similar to the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin at a concentration of 100 μg/mL.

Optimized safranin adsorption onto poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based nanofiber via response surface methodology

This study is a comparative work on the surface interactions and adsorptive properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nano-fibers (PVDF NFs) and UiO-66/PVDF NFs prepared by using the electro-spinning method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) have been applied to confirm and determine physicochemical changes during preparing and to modify PVDF NFs. The results of XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TGA, and EDX show significant changes in porosity that happened on the surface of adsorbents. The PVDF NFs and UiO-66/PVDF NFs have been applied to remove safranin O (SO) dye in aqueous solution as a cationic azo dye. Three essential factors of the initial concentration of SO, contact time, and pH were optimized by using the Box-Behnken response surface methodology (BBRSM). By using PVDF NFs, the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of 28.201 mg g−1 is obtained at optimal adsorption parameters of a contact time of 117.972 min, initial concentration of dye 34.896 mg L−1and pH of 9.975. And also by applying UiO-66/PVDF NFs, the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of 25.896 mg g−1 is achieved at optimal parameters of a contact time of 58.47 min, initial concentration of 34.83 mg L−1 and pH of 7.2, which clearly shows that the addition of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to the PVDF NFs is reduced the contacted time by half. The adsorptive experimental data were correlated by the famous isotherm and kinetic models. The extrapolated data showed that the SO dye adsorption on the PVDF NFs and UiO-66/PVDF NFs follow better the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, the thermodynamics result of the nano-fibers shows that, the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. The high efficiency and adequate adsorption ability in the SO removal suggest that the UiO-66/PVDF NFs could be effectively applied as a good applicant in the water filtration of azo dyes.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Ixora Coccinea Leaf Extract for Ethanol Vapour Sensing

This article reports the effects of natural plant proteins on the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) prepared via a precipitation method. Green synthesised ZnONPs have a wide range of uses such as biomedical applications, water purification, optical devices and gas sensors. The non-toxic and economical technique described in this article is favourable for large-scale production too. ZnONPs were produced from a zinc acetate precursor with dye extract of Ixora Coccinea (IC) leaves as a capping agent. The as-prepared ZnONPs were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The XRD analysis showed an average crystallite size of 23 nm. The SEM analysis revealed a reduction in aggregation of ZnO crystallites due to addition of dye extracts of IC. EDX and UV-vis results confirmed the formation of pure ZnONPs. Finally, the gas sensing properties of ZnO films, prepared by doctor blade method, were used to detect ethanol vapour. The results showed gas response ratios of 28.7 and 5.4 at 800 ppm and 40 ppm exposure, respectively. Furthermore, the response time and recovery time were found to be 24 sec and 47 sec, respectively at 200 ppm exposure of ethanol vapour.

Characterization structure of Fe3O4@PEG-4000 nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method

Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) from natural iron sand with PEG-4000 have been successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Natural iron sand was from Kulon Progo beach. Extraction of natural iron sand was separated with a magnet permanent as a precursor. The result of extraction was dissolved by acid chloride (HCl) solution. Precipitation process has been finished after added ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution and added polyethylene glycol (PEG)-4000. This solution was dried until it formed a black precipitate. Magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The quantitative and qualitative analyzes on XRD were using the Profex 4.2.0 application and Joint Committee Powder on Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) No. 19-0629, respectively. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully formed as indicated by the bonding of Fe-O. The results obtained in this study were the crystalline size of 11-13 nm with lattice parameters of 8.3758 Å for Fe3O4 and 8.3589 Å for Fe3O4 added with PEG. Fe nanoparticles were more dominant with wt% above 65%, which was confirmed by the EDX results. The addition of PEG mass resulted in the smaller crystallite size of the nanoparticles.

Ag–Sr doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles loaded chitosan/gelatin coating for orthopedic implants

AbstractIn this study, we investigated surface and biological properties of Ag–Sr‐doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle (Ag–Sr MBGN) loaded chitosan/gelatin coatings deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on 316L stainless steel. The EPD parameters, that is, deposition time, applied voltage, and distance between the electrodes was optimized by the Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) approach. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated the spherical morphology of the synthesized Ag–Sr MBGNs with the mean particle size of 160 ± 20 nm. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of Ag and Sr in the synthesized MBGNs. Optimum EPD parameters determined by DoE approach were 5 g/L of Ag–Sr MBGNs, deposition time of 5 min, and applied voltage of 30 V. SEM images confirmed that the coatings were fairly homogenous. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and EDX results confirmed the presence of chitosan, gelatin, and Ag–Sr MBGNs in the coatings. Chitosan/gelatin/Ag–Sr MBGN composite coatings exhibited suitable wettability for the protein attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells. The composite coatings exhibited suitable adhesion strength with the substrate. The coatings developed HA crystals upon immersion in simulated body fluid. The results of the turbidity test confirmed that the coatings are antibacterial to the Escherichia coli cells.

Doped and un-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic study

Using a simple and environmentally friendly method, un-doped and 1 and 5 % cadmium doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Cd doped CeO2 NPs) were prepared through Salvadora persica aqueous extract in the present study. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis), and Raman methods. Due to the results of PXRD, EDX, and UV–Vis, cadmium is well doped in cerium oxide structure. The results of FESEM showed that the synthesized nanoparticles are spherical and have an average size of 10–20 nm. The toxicity effect of synthesized un-doped and Cd doped CeO2 NPs on breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line was investigated using WST-1 test. Compared to doxorubicin as control, the results showed that the un-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles had more cytotoxicity compared with those of the doped nanoparticles and doxorubicin.

Study of growth of silver nano catalyst for carbon nano tube growth

Abstract Silver (Ag) nanocatalyst has been deposited on SiO2 glass substrate by the thermal evaporation method. The layer thickness was about 2.42 mm. The Ag nanocatalyst was then annealed at a temperature of 400 °C with the variation of annealing time for 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. Several spectroscopy methods were carried out to characterize the samples. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the diameter size of the nanoparticles were mostly 0.252 μ m, 0.236 μ m, 0.193 μ m, and 0.108 μ m, respectively. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed that composition of Ag for each sample are 0.26%, 0.14%, 0.48% and 0.04% respectively. Based on the SEM, the smallest diameter of particles was obtained after annealing for 4 h, and EDX results, the most Ag composition was obtained after annealing for 3 h. The results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy do not indicate the presence of Si O Ag bonds at SiO2/Ag, where based on literature, their peaks are at 827 cm−1 and 1749 cm−1.