Development Of Energy Projects Research Articles

Geoscientific research's influence on renewable energy policies and ecological balancing

Geoscientific research plays a crucial role in shaping renewable energy policies and promoting ecological balance. This review explores the impact of geoscientific research on renewable energy policies and its role in ecological balancing. Geoscientific research provides valuable insights into the geological and environmental factors that influence the feasibility and sustainability of renewable energy projects. By studying the earth's processes, geoscientists can identify suitable locations for renewable energy installations, assess potential risks, and develop strategies to mitigate environmental impacts. One of the key ways in which geoscientific research influences renewable energy policies is through its contribution to resource assessment. Geoscientists use various techniques, such as geological mapping, geophysical surveys, and remote sensing, to identify and quantify renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy. This information is essential for policymakers to develop effective policies that promote the development and utilization of renewable energy sources. Furthermore, geoscientific research plays a crucial role in ecological balancing by providing insights into the environmental impacts of renewable energy projects. By studying the interactions between renewable energy installations and the surrounding environment, geoscientists can identify potential ecological risks and develop strategies to minimize them. This information is essential for policymakers to develop policies that ensure the sustainable development of renewable energy projects while protecting the environment. In conclusion, geoscientific research plays a crucial role in shaping renewable energy policies and promoting ecological balance. By providing valuable insights into renewable energy resources and their environmental impacts, geoscientists help policymakers develop effective policies that promote the sustainable development of renewable energy projects.

Can Green Bonds Boost the Development of Energy Projects in Colombia? An Opportunity for Responsible and Sustainable Investment

The excessive exploitation of natural resources brings with it a growing environmental problem, which is largely due to industrial development. Different international treaties, conventions, and protocols try to mitigate the impacts of global warming. However, new tools are constantly needed to achieve the sustainability of economies and the preservation of renewable resources. In response to this, green bonds arise providing a coherent solution that integrates both the industry and the environment. These bonds constitute a financial instrument allowing the collection of resources, with the only requirement of being invested in sustainable projects generating environmental and social well-being. This paper highlights Colombia's potential as an emerging market attractive for investments classified as green. This Colombian green market is expected to grow, due to the low amounts of GHG emissions compared to the industrialized countries and the richness in natural resources of the nation. However, to develop sustainable energy projects in Colombia, special instruments are required to enhance the promotion and financing of energy projects. For this reason, various financing alternatives to the traditional systems for the development of clean energy must be evaluated. This paper emphasizes the potential of green bonds to improve energy projects in Colombia and obtain additional benefits to reduce climate change through the use of sustainable renewable energies. Through a document review exercise in specialized literature and the application of a case study, the advantage of green bonds over other traditional mechanisms for financing initiatives for small and medium enterprises is demonstrated.

Analysis of Cornell Cooperative Extension under the Background of Big Data

In the era of knowledge economy, higher education has become the support and engine of socio-economic development, and the importance and urgency of its social service function have become more prominent. The content and form of services urgently need to be updated and innovated. Analyzing the history and current development status of typical university social services undoubtedly has important exemplary value. As one of the earliest universities born in the United States to serve society, Cornell University has a deeply rooted concept of social service, a complete social service system, and a unique social service promotion system. The development of information technology and big data has greatly improved the social service field of the university. In order to have a deeper understanding of the development track and operation logic of Cornell University's social service extension system, this paper adopts the method of literature research, historical research and case study to trace the source of Cornell University's social service concept and explore Cornell University's social service extension model -- agricultural extension project with advantages of traditional "land-grant college". Learn about natural resources, environment and sustainable energy development projects that keep pace with The Times, as well as youth development and family upbringing services for family education. This article believes that the social services provided by Cornell University under the social service promotion system have a strong academic and professional nature, and the direction, content, and social needs of serving society are highly matched and coupled, which helps the university form a complete social service system. Its mature social service promotion system and successful experience in social services have important implications for the construction and improvement of university social service functions.

Environmental Impact Evaluation of Floating Solar Power Plant in Cirata Reservoir, West Java

This qualitative study investigates community perceptions of the environmental impacts of floating solar power plants (FSPPs) in Cirata Reservoir, West Java. Through semi-structured interviews and participant observations, data were collected from fifteen diverse stakeholders, including local residents, community leaders, environmental activists, government officials, and energy project developers. Thematic analysis revealed key themes and subthemes related to environmental concerns, economic implications, social impacts, technical considerations, and trust and transparency issues surrounding FSPP development. Participants expressed a range of perspectives, including support for solar energy, concerns about habitat disruption and water quality degradation, and calls for inclusive decision-making processes and transparent communication. The findings underscore the importance of addressing community concerns and incorporating local perspectives into the planning and implementation of FSPP projects to ensure environmental sustainability and social acceptance.

Integrated energy system evaluation and optimization based on integrated evaluation model and time-series optimization

Against the backdrop of global attention to climate change and environmental sustainability, the development timing and comprehensive cost of regional renewable energy power generation projects have become a focus of attention. By constructing effective models to evaluate them, it can help promote the healthy development of renewable energy projects. The research aims to quantitatively evaluate the development status of local renewable energy projects by constructing a comprehensive evaluation model, minimize information loss, and improve the accuracy of evaluation results. This study adopted a comprehensive evaluation model that combines Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on accelerated genetic algorithm, entropy weight method, and ideal point method. Firstly, the subjective weights of the development evaluation indicators for regional renewable energy power generation projects are calculated. Secondly, the entropy weight method is used to analyze the trend of each indicator and obtain objective weights. Finally, combined with the objective weights and the evaluation results calculated using the TOPSIS method, a comprehensive evaluation of renewable energy power generation projects in various regions is conducted. Through analysis, the core indicators of the development level of renewable energy power generation projects in various regions show specific performance, such as Hebei’s evaluation value of 0.4945 in the proportion of comprehensive energy development, and Inner Mongolia’s evaluation value of 0.4045 in the proportion of comprehensive energy installed capacity. Meanwhile, genetic optimization methods exhibit significant advantages in the calculation of optimization schemes compared to dynamic programming methods, possessing strong global search capabilities and high-precision solutions. This study provides a new research method and approach for the evaluation of regional renewable energy power generation projects, demonstrating the practical value and certain advantages of the research method.

Global horizontal irradiance prediction for renewable energy system in Najran and Riyadh

Producing and supplying energy efficiently are important for many countries. Using models to predict energy production can help reduce costs, improve efficiency, and make energy systems work better. This research predicts solar electricity production in the Najran and Riyadh regions of Saudi Arabia by analyzing 14 weather factors. The weather factors that were considered in the study include date, time, Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), clear sky, top of atmosphere, code, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, snowfall, and snow depth. GHI is the most important factor because it determines how much solar energy a system can produce. Therefore, it is important to be able to predict GHI accurately. This study used a variety of data-driven models to predict GHI, including the elastic net regression, linear regression, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, gradient boosting regressor, light gradient boosting regressor, extreme gradient boosting regressor, and decision tree regressor. The models were evaluated using a set of metrics, including the mean absolute error, mean squared error, root mean square error, coefficient of determination (R2), and adjusted coefficient of determination. This study found that the decision tree regression, Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) models performed better in the Riyadh region than in the Najran region. The R2 values for the Riyadh region were 99%, 99%, and 98%, while the R2 values for the Najran region were 89%, 94%, and 94%. This suggests that the Riyadh region is a more suitable location for solar energy conversion systems. These findings are important for policymakers and investors who are considering the development of solar energy projects in Saudi Arabia.

PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIAN-IRANIAN ENERGY COOPERATION

Due to the withdrawal of the United States under Republican President D. Trump in 2018 from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) to resolve the Iranian nuclear crisis, non-Western vector of foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) (China, India, Russia, Turkey and other states) has strengthened. It became particularly apparent with the coming to power of a conservative president close to the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ebrahim (Ibrahim) Raisi. Seeking to escape the foreign policy isolation and financial and economic sanctions pressure created by the United States and its allies, Tehran is increasingly participating in the activities of major international entities such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (Iran became a full member of the Organization on July 4, 2023), the Eurasian Economic Union (Interim Free Trade Agreement is in force) and BRICS (a member of the organization since January 1, 2024).Thus, Iran declares itself as a successfully developing regional center of power. The article pays special attention to the development of energy (with Russia, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan), transport and logistics projects (with Azerbaijan, a railway through Iran to Nakhichevan) with neighboring countries. Under President Raisi new gas and oil fields were discovered. In the future they will ensure greater production and exports. With Russia, Iran in the medium term plans to realize swap gas supplies to Iran through the territory of Turkmenistan, as well as to create a gas hub on the coast of Makran to export its own and Russian energy carriers to the countries of South and Southeast Asia. The government of I. Raisi pays special attention to the development of the Macran Free Economic Zone (FEZ) and the FEZ of Kish Island. At the same time, this is a significant territory not only in geo-economic, transportation and logistics, but also in military terms: the seaports of Chahbehar and Jask are geostrategic at the crossroads of energy communications of the Middle East and South (and further Southeast) Asia.

Seasonal stratification leads to changes within the benthic food web of the Gulf of Lions (northwestern Mediterranean)

Due to its extensive continental shelf, the Gulf of Lions, situated in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, plays a crucial role in providing ecological services amidst various natural and anthropogenic pressures. Exposed to the impacts of climate change and suitable for marine energy development projects, the conservation of marine biodiversity in this environment raises significant concerns. To detect any potential disturbances in the functioning of the terrigenous mud community on the continental shelf, we conducted stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses on suspended particulate organic matter, sediments, and benthic fauna. Since seasonality is a structuring factor for the functioning of such an oligotrophic ecosystem, we conducted two sampling campaigns in 2018 to capture contrasting scenarios of water column stratification — one in April during well-mixed conditions and high phytoplankton production, and another in September at the end of the summer thermal stratification period characterized by low primary productivity. Stable isotope analysis revealed changes in the structure of the benthic food web in response to seasonal stratification of the water column. While isotopic niches of taxa remained evenly distributed, the total niche space contracted between sampling dates, primarily affecting low trophic level consumers. The observed contraction aligns with that reported at the base of the pelagic food web. These results enhance our understanding of the functioning of the continental shelf of the Gulf of Lions. The intense trawling pressure on the study site affected sampling. In this context, this research contributes not only to the knowledge of seasonal trophic variations but also provides a reference state to understand the future of this Mediterranean continental shelf.

Gaps between Stakeholders` Concerns and Mitigation Measures in ESIA Reports of Geothermal Energy Projects: A Case Study of Geothermal Energy Projects in Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya

Geothermal energy serves as a viable alternative to fossil fuels in developing countries, catering to electricity needs, supporting socio-economic development, and striving towards sustainable development goals. It also poses potential negative impacts on the environment and society. This study conducted a comparative analysis of mitigation measures and stakeholders' concerns across eight environmental and social impact assessment reports (ESIA) for geothermal energy development projects in Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Kenya. Mitchell's mitigation hierarchy guideline (1997) was used to examine the purpose of 708 proposed mitigation measures for eight environmental and nine social criteria extracted from the literature and then a deductive qualitative content analysis were used to categorize these measures according to 18 criteria collected from the literature. Additionally, using an inductive qualitative content analysis, the study analysed 680 stakeholders' concerns sourced from public participation materials in the ESIA reports, identifying four main thematic categories and twenty-two subcategories. Stakeholders expressed concerns predominantly about socio-economic (52%) and development matters (20%), while ESIA reports offered fewer social mitigation measures (28.7%) compared to environmental ones (71.3%). Nonetheless, a strong correlation between the environmental and social mitigation measures proposed for our 17 criteria demonstrates a higher proportion of measures in power plant construction projects. Despite this, communities voiced apprehensions about new involuntary resettlement plans, economic opportunities, and unrealized corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects. Furthermore, the study revealed that local communities complained about the adverse effects of previous geothermal development projects, including air, water, and soil pollution, impacting their health, crop production, and livestock. This research highlights the discrepancy between stakeholders' concerns and mitigation measures in ESIA reports, attributed to possible inadequacies in the conduct of social impact assessment and public participation, leading to misunderstandings regarding project impacts and benefits among local communities. To address these issues, this paper recommends a more comprehensive understanding of social aspects, the consideration of cumulative impacts from other geothermal projects in the same area, and transparent communication to avoid unrealistic or costly promises during the realization of ESIA reports for geothermal energy projects

Cost–Benefit Analysis of China’s Whole County PV Program: A Case Study of Julu County, Hebei Province

Solar photovoltaics’ rising efficiency is increasingly considered the key to achieving carbon neutrality targets in various countries. The Chinese government implemented a variety of regulations from both the supply and demand sides to assist in the development of distributed photovoltaics in the second decade of the twenty-first century. The whole county-wide photovoltaic promotion project, announced in 2021, is regarded as one of the most important new energy development projects in China in the coming years. The paper examines the cost and benefits of a pilot whole-county distributed photovoltaics project in Julu County, Hebei Province, from the perspectives of different stakeholders. The analysis shows that as China enters the era of grid parity, the whole county’s distributed photovoltaics programme still exhibits robust economic, social, and environmental performance in locations with abundant solar resources. And different business models have a significant impact on the distribution of interests among stakeholders. The goal of this paper is to offer effective policy recommendations for promoting the development of distributed new energy beyond urban areas.

The Government’s communication: Diffusion Innovation or Participatory Approach towards Renewable Energy Development Project

This study focuses on development communication in supporting Government’s renewable energy project in Indonesia. Using a case study of the communication in the implementation of a micro-hydro power plant (MHPP) project by Indonesia government, this study examines whether the government’s communication aims to encourage community participation in the project or merely diffuse the innovation for community’s adoption, or combine both approaches. This project was chosen, since this requires more community participation to maintain it as well as sustained communication to facilitate meaningful engagement. Appreciative inquiry involving six focus group discussions and nine in-depth interviews were conducted to explore communities’ experiences in exploiting the MHPP and accompanying communication process. The findings show that project development is divided into five stages: pre-initiation, initiation, adoption, transition and sustainability. Compared to the diffusion and adoption process, this project cycle is comparable to the five stages of the diffusion and adoption process. The information sharing session to introduce the innovation is significant to build awareness among communities. Likewise, the ideas to choose and train communities’ representatives as pioneers to the adoption process help communities gain direct experiences about the use of technology. Nevertheless, the domination of diffusion innovation approach with mechanistic communication that prioritises technological change may lead to a lack of participation and empowerment. Participatory approach that acknowledges local values will likely empower communities and build ownership towards the project.

Performance Assessment and Analysis of a 1 MW Three-Phase Photovoltaic Power Station Connected to a Factory’s Electrical Grid in Morocco

In this study, a performance assessment and analysis of a 1 MW three-phase photovoltaic (PV) power station connected to the electrical grid of a factory in Morocco are presented. The main objective of this research is to assess the performance of the PV power station and analyze its efficiency, energy generation, and operational characteristics. To accomplish this, a combination of field measurements, data analysis, and simulation techniques are used. The study begins by providing an extensive overview of the PV power station, including a thorough description of its main elements such as solar panels, inverters, transformers, and grid interconnection infrastructure. Furthermore, field measurements are conducted to collect data on solar irradiance, ambient temperature, and PV system power, as well as electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power factor. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the performance and economic viability of the PV power station. These insights can serve as guidance for renewable energy stakeholders, investors, and policymakers, facilitating the development of sustainable solar energy projects and contributing to renewable energy targets.

China's Energy Structure Problems and Optimization Suggestions from the Perspective of Low-carbon Economy

Energy consumption, technological level, and sustainable industrial system are crucial for developing a low-carbon economy. China's excessive reliance on coal has led to low energy utilization efficiency, which has become an important factor affecting the optimization of China's energy structure and further constraining the sustainable development of the economy. In this regard, this article attempts to explore the issues of China's energy structure from the perspective of a low-carbon economy, and proposes strategies for optimizing China's energy structure from the perspective of a low-carbon economy. In the context of developing a low-carbon economy, starting from China's specific national conditions, the government should play a guiding role, optimize China's energy structure step by step, and promote the development of new energy projects. Based on China's actual technological situation, technological upgrading and industrial structure transformation, we will focus on developing low-carbon related industries and strategic emerging industries. Only by continuously innovating and applying new energy can we achieve the transformation of energy application structure in the production and living fields, gradually shifting from high pollution and high emissions to low pollution and low emissions.

Scarcity of mineral resources and governance and development of renewable energy projects in China

For manufacturing renewable energy equipment, lots of material is needed, including mineral resources. The scarcity of mineral resources is one of the challenges to developing renewable energy projects. This study used the data from the most polluting Chinese provinces by employing a panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model to examine the factors influencing the development of wind power projects in China by considering the scarcity of mineral resources. The study found that financial policies, the abundant essential mineral resources, and regional economic growth are prerequisites for developing wind power projects.

Siting tidal energy projects through resource characterization and environmental considerations

The development of tidal energy technologies has progressed to where devices can be deployed, operated, maintained, and recovered with some level of assurance that they will and produce adequate levels of power. Equally important to further the tidal energy industry is the ability to site and gain regulatory permission to deploy and operate these devices. This paper sets out a framework for reaching preliminary siting of tidal devices, drawing from case studies from three locations in the US where research studies have provided information in support of tidal deployments.
 Through the TEAMER funding opportunity in the US, tidal energy device and project developers were able to engage US Department of Energy national laboratory scientists and engineers to provide technical assistance for investigating potential tidal deployment sites within US waters. The bodies of water of interest had already been determined by the proponents at the start of the project and constraints and opportunities within those bodies of water were examined to optimize siting capabilities for the developers. Using numerical models and field observations, we characterized tidal resources at a scale that will allow for optimization of energy extraction. We examined the natural and human infrastructure constraints for deploying and operating tidal devices and arrays including channel widths, bathymetry, vessel traffic, ferry lanes, and grid interconnects, in order to narrow siting options. We also examined the biological resources in the water bodies of interest, with a focus on populations of endangered marine mammals and fish, and the critical habitats that support them. The biological resources were then related to the applicable regulatory requirements in place in US for federal and state statutes in areas where the tidal applicants wish to deploy. Based on these analyses, preferred deployment locations were delineated and processes for meeting regulatory requirements laid out, including post-installation monitoring plans that will be needed. This initial assessment of logistical, regulatory, and environmental conditions for the deployment of a tidal technology is a first step toward the achievement of regulatory compliance for tidal energy projects.
 Three locations were considered for tidal energy development in the US. The first one included the area around an archipelago of islands in the northern portion of Washington State, near the US-Canada border, with the intent of installing one or more floating tidal devices to add energy resilience and independence for the single utility that services the isolated islands. The second location was in the coastal waters of Maine where tidal power would be added to the local electrical grid. The third location was in Cook Inlet, Alaska, where the applicant seeks to deploy multiple floating tidal devices to provide renewable energy in place of conventionally generated power for the city of Anchorage.

A tripartite evolutionary game analysis on China’s waste incineration projects from the perspective of responsible innovation

In the process of China’s energy transition, responsible innovation is essential to promote the sustainable development of energy projects. To explore the mechanism of multi-agent​ strategy in responsible innovation, taking waste incineration power projects in China as an example, a tripartite evolutionary game model of the government, waste incineration power firms and the surrounding public is constructed, the strategy interaction of stakeholders is analyzed and the corresponding evolution process is simulated. The findings are as follows: (1) Increasing punishment and the social and environmental benefits and the value compensation of negative externality, and decreasing the cost are conductive to make the dynamic system into evolutionarily stable strategy (1,1,1). (2) No matter how much the probability of choosing three strategies, the dynamic system will evolve into evolutionarily stable strategy (1,1,1) and have 8 strategy combination. (3) As an incentive mechanism of government, the higher subsidies and the value compensation of negative externality, the higher probability the waste incineration power generation firms and the surrounding public choosing positive strategy. The research results can be used as a reference for the government to improve incentive measures and provided with decision-making for stakeholders in responsible innovation to adjust their strategies.

Discursive trends and their socio-ecological implications in Senegal's renewable energy turn

By 2025, Senegal's energy mix will have shifted from one reliant on heavy fuel oil to one consisting primarily of solar and wind energy as well as liquefied natural gas. The expectation is that this will lead to lower greenhouse gas emissions, more affordable power, and broad-based growth and development. Despite the necessity of a transition to renewable energy, scholarship in critical energy geographies has cautioned that such a transition could (re)produce socio-environmental injustices. Yet only a relatively small (but growing) number of studies in the political ecology of renewable energy literature examines how energy transitions are framed and justified as part of national-level narratives in the global South. Understanding this is critical because framing (renewable) energy in relation to national development objectives is a strategy central to the material development of renewable energy projects. Through a case study of Senegal, this paper examines the national-level discourses that underlie the country's turn towards utility-scale renewable energy by analyzing key documents and institutional interviews (carried out between 2018 and 2020). Findings show that a dominant group of development actors along with state institutions mobilizes a “grand narrative” on economic growth and poverty reduction vis a vis renewable energy development to facilitate a shift to renewables that rests on market logics, with questionable implications for equity and justice. The paper reflects on the implications of this narrative for the potential of a just energy transition in Senegal, as well as the broader theoretical and empirical implications of the research.

Site suitability analysis of hydrokinetic river energy resources at community microgrids on the Kuskokwim River, Alaska

A simple multiparameter tool for quantifying site suitability for riverine hydrokinetic (HK) energy project development is presented and applied to sites in Alaska. Given the high energy costs and diesel fuel dependence of small islanded microgrid communities and adjacent river energy resources, many communities in Alaska are excellent candidates for early adaptation of HK technologies. Seven isolated communities located along the Kuskokwim River in southwest Alaska are evaluated using this method to determine whether riverine HK projects are likely to succeed. While similar models have been developed for wave and tidal energy, to our knowledge, no such tool exists for riverine HK energy. Factors considered in the analysis include the economic viability, energy demand, distance to power distribution lines, HK resource, presence of environmentally sensitive areas, population, and climate change risk or usteq at each community. Modeling of the technical resource adjacent to each community indicates that HK technology could meet or even exceed the energy requirements of the communities during the ice-free open water season (June to October). Although the communities have similar characteristics, the site suitability varies due to variations in the economic, environmental, and technical constraints among the communities. Based on these factors, the most promising community for a riverine HK installation is Aniak, although the highest resource was observed at Chuathbaluk. The approach is easily adaptable to other regions of Alaska or elsewhere with similar hydrologic and geographic constraints.

FINANCIAL RISKS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

The study of the current state of the renewable energy sources (RES) sector as an important area for reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere makes it possible to identify a circle of subjects – participants in the RES electricity market. The financial risks they take largely determine the present and future of this innovative market in terms of investment, financing, lending, insurance, regulation, and incentives. The renewable energy market is of particular interest to investors, financial institutions, the state setting the rules of the game and stimulating its development. The financial risks of market participants as the probability of monetary losses and losses are manifested at all stages of the development and implementation of renewable energy projects, from the development of technologies to public procurement of generated electricity. The analysis made it possible to identify the features of financing renewable energy projects, in particular, high initial financial costs, long payback periods for projects requiring long-term lending, sensitivity to regulatory and legal changes on the part of the state in terms of purchase prices for electricity, subsidies and incentive benefits for its producers and financial institutions – participants. Based on specific examples of renewable energy projects, the risks of banks, insurers in Vietnam and a number of developing countries in South Asia that provide green loans and green insurance products to companies implementing renewable energy projects, as well as households producing electricity from solar systems, are considered. Recommendations were formulated for national financial regulators, banking institutions, insurance companies to ensure acceptable financial conditions for renewable energy projects and adequately assess their own financial risks.

Optimization Model for Determining Global Solar Radiation in the Northeastern States of Nigeria Using Both Meteorological and Satellite Imagery Data

This study presents an optimization model for determining global solar radiation in the northeastern region of Nigeria using a combination of meteorological data and satellite imagery. Ten recent models were chosen from the literature review and optimized to select the one that best fits the study region. Two models were developed to provide accurate solar radiation predictions, which can be used to improve the planning and implementation of a solar energy project in the region. The model integrates the Angstrom-Prescott model with various climate parameters such as Temperature (∆T), relative humidity (RH), location latitude (Φ), solar declination angle (δ), and the number of days in a year (n) with satellite image data to determine the global solar radiation. The finding of optimization models shows that the model10 performed very well with minimum error as Mean Base Error (0.028), Mean Percentage Error (-0.001), Root Mean Square Error (0.098), and coefficient of determination R2 (0.994), which suggested as the optimized model for determining of global solar radiation in northeastern Nigeria. The two models were developed, that is, proposed Model1 and proposed Model2. Proposed Model1 slightly overestimated the global solar radiation with Mean Base Error (-0.863), Mean Percentage Error (-0.039), Root Mean Square Error (2.990), and coefficient of determination R2 (0.745), while proposed Model2 performed better with Mean Base Error (-0.005), Mean Percentage Error (0.0003), Root Mean Square Error (0.02) with the coefficient of determination R2 (0.985). The proposed models were validated using the suggested optimized model10 and satellite data model, which show that the proposed model can accurately determine global solar radiation in the northeastern region of Nigeria. This study's findings will benefit the region's solar energy project developers, researchers, and policymakers.