Energy Consumption Quota Research Articles

Research on energy-saving construction technology of campus building exterior wall under the restriction of energy consumption quota

Research on energy-saving construction technology of campus building exterior wall under the restriction of energy consumption quota

Research on energy-saving construction technology of campus building exterior wall under the restriction of energy consumption quota

Research on energy-saving construction technology of campus building exterior wall under the restriction of energy consumption quota

Trading behavior strategy of power plants and the grid under renewable portfolio standards in China: A tripartite evolutionary game analysis

China is facing the challenge of selecting appropriate policies to implement tradable green certificate (TGC) under the renewable portfolio standards (RPS). This paper proposes a tripartite evolutionary game model among thermal power plants, green power plants and the grid under the RPS and TGC policy to analyze the evolutionary stability strategies (ESSs) of unilateral subjects and systems and use numerical simulation to discuss the influence of different types of TGC purchase ratios and different trading markets on the choice of tripartite strategy. The results are as follows. (1) When the renewable energy consumption quota ratio is 21%, thermal power plants are more and more active in choosing to trade TGC as the ratio of wind power TGC and photovoltaic TGC gradually increases from 1:5 to 5:1. (2) In the TGC market where the price of wind power and photovoltaic TGC is 50 yuan, green power plants are more inclined to hold TGC; in the subsidized TGC market, where the price of wind power TGC is 190 yuan and the price of photovoltaic TGC is 650 yuan, green power plants tend to sell TGC. (3) With the price of excess green electricity consumption gradually decreased from 700 yuan/MWh to 100 yuan/MWh, the activity of three parties participating in TGC trading gradually increased, effectively activating the TGC market. Finally, from the perspective of policy management, we provide suggestions for the long-term sustainable development of the TGC market.

Study on the electricity spot market trading mechanism considering the proportion of renewable energy consumption quota

The challenge of harmonizing the integration of renewable energy in market-driven transactions and assured accommodations presents a predicament in the development of China's electricity spot market. Moreover, as renewable energy penetration escalates, the issue of reserve undeliverability due to transmission congestion diminishes the power system's capacity to utilize renewable energy resources. To address this concern, this study introduces a secondary clearing mechanism for the electricity spot market, taking into account the proportion of renewable energy consumption quotas. Based on the first clearing, when renewable curtailment occurs, the bid pricing of abandoned power units undergoes flexible adjustment through the optimization of the price correction coefficient, followed by the execution of a secondary clearing utilizing the revised bidding information to fulfill the stipulations of the renewable energy consumption quota ratio. Drawing on the outcomes of the two-stage clearing, an incentive-compatible settlement compensation mechanism is proposed to preserve the impartiality of the market operator. The spot market clearing model accounts for the transmission safety margin, effectively mitigating the likelihood of transmission congestion, reserve inaccessibility, and renewable energy curtailment issues in real-time dispatching. Finally, a modified IEEE 30-bus system serves to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed market mechanism.

Situation Analysis of Provincial Power Market Based on System Dynamics Simulation

Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, with the expansion of the scope of power market-oriented reform and the increase in uncertainty of social, political, and economic factors outside the market, the market environment is becoming more and more complex, and it is more difficult to analyze and control the market situation. From a macro perspective, overall modeling for the power transmission link between the generation side and the consumption side of the provincial power market is built, in which a variety of real-time elements or scenarios such as renewable energy power generation growth, carbon emission quota, coal shortage, and dual control system of total energy consumption and energy intensity are considered. The system dynamics tools are used for simulation, and the medium and long-term operation trends of the market are analyzed. In the case studies, the actual situation of the Jiangsu power market is used as background. The trend of the power market situation under the basic scenario is analyzed, and the sensitivity analysis is carried out for three factors: coal supply growth rate, carbon emission caps, and electricity demand growth rate. It is shown that diversified macro factors inside and outside the market will affect the balance of the market operation situation to varying degrees, making the key operation indicators of the market deviate from the existing stable state.

Is the Renewable Portfolio Standard in China Effective? Research on RPS Allocation Efficiency in Chinese Provinces Based on the Zero-Sum DEA Model

As one of the countries with the most rapid development of new energy, China has been committed to exploring countermeasures to the challenges of new energy consumption. After more than ten years of consideration and consultation, the “renewable portfolio standard“(RPS) for “renewable energy power consumption responsibility weighting” has landed in China. However, in the official affirmation issued by the National Energy Administration, theoretical support for the basis of the initial quota allocation is still lacking. In this study, we examine the efficiency of the weight allocation scheme for renewable energy power consumption responsibilities, which was announced by the National Energy Administration in 2018 and which is based on the BCC-DEA efficiency model. The results indicate that most provinces have low allocation efficiency under this allocation scheme. Therefore, we propose an optimal allocation scheme for a renewable energy consumption quota, based on the ZSG-DEA model. With the achievement of its target, this study’s allocation scheme would ensure 100% efficiency in all provinces, improve provincial economic efficiency, and simultaneously bring economic growth. After analyzing the fairness before and after adjustment of the RPS, our findings suggest that the adjusted RPS allocation scheme can promote equity in per capita renewable electricity consumption.

A Novel Method of BP Neural Network Based Green Building Design—The Case of Hotel Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region of China

With the advent of the big data era, architectural design gradually tends to become more quantified and intelligent. This study proposes a novel green design method for energy-saving buildings based on a BP neural network. This study changed the traditional trial–error mode by evaluating energy consumption based on design performance parameters such as building shape, space, and interface. Instead, energy consumption quota values obtained from statistical data, as well as thermal parameters and energy system parameters in energy-saving standards, were taken as input parameters, and then the design scheme of building shape can be obtained through BP neural network technology. Based on data of 61 hotel buildings in a representative city among a hot summer and cold winter climate zone, the BP neural network model is established to control the building design variables, with 41 kgce/m2·a as its energy-saving design target. Through the energy consumption quota, the trained BP network is applied to predict the optimal architectural design parameters, including the building orientation angle, shape coefficient, window–wall ratio, etc., for twelve building typologies in an area range of 5000~60,000 m2. With recommended control thresholds of quantifiable architectural design elements obtained, this research can provide effective design decision-making suggestions for architects.

Comparison of the applicability of city-level building energy consumption quota methods

Energy consumption quota policies are effective management measures to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in China. Cities need to choose an appropriate method to formulate local energy consumption quota standards. This paper is based on the data of 670 government office buildings in Chongqing and the selected quantile method (QM), quota-level method (QLM) and multiple linear regression (MLR) method, which are widely used in the formulation of city-level energy quotas. By comparing their interpretability, evaluation, consistency and stability, the application conditions and applicability of each method are summarized. MLR has the strongest explanatory power but the highest requirements for the technology and information dimensions. The QLM is more explanatory and stable than the QM and is more suitable for the initial stage of energy quota management. When using the QLM, we should consider scientific classifications and reasonable quota levels. Special attention should be given to “outliers” with abnormal evaluations of the quota results. The outliers in Chongqing are characterized as buildings that have been used for more than 10 years and have an area of less than 5000 m2. Finally, this paper constructed a flow chart of the formulation process and method selection to help policymakers better understand how to choose the most appropriate method and identify inefficient buildings.

Research on energy consumption quota of metrology laboratory

The research on energy consumption quota of metrology laboratory is an important part of building energy conservation from the perspective of total amount control. Through the research on the investigation method of basic energy consumption data, the type of quota index and the determination method of quota level. The analysis shows that the metrology laboratory adopts the method of unequal proportion classified sampling survey to obtain the basic data of energy consumption, adopts the energy consumption per unit area, considers the correction of energy consumption time and the proportion of auxiliary room area as the quota index, and uses the quota level method to determine the limit value, reference value and advanced value of energy consumption quota, which is fair, scientific and feasible.

Energy-saving design and implementation in metro weak current systems: a case study of the Kunming metro system

With the accelerated urbanization in China, along with the growing scale of the metro transportation network, the energy consumption of metro systems continues to increase. To face the tough challenge of climate change, China has put forward the goal of peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. Energy consumption has become a serious burden for metro operation companies, since 10.2% of the total operational budgets is spent on electricity. Thus the development of methods to realize energy saving and emission reduction has become a major challenge for metros. In this study we conduct an in-depth research and analysis on metro energy load classification and energy management, focusing in particular on the design and usage of power supply systems for metro weak current electromechanical systems, including tunnel fans, station air conditioners, station escalators, automatic ticketing equipment, screen doors, drainage pumps, sewage pumps, platform doors, communication systems, signals, integrated monitoring systems, automatic ticketing and various lighting equipment and facilities. It is proposed that the five weak current systems, namely platform doors, communication systems, signals, integrated monitoring and automatic fare collection, should adopt a backup power supply. In order to ensure the reliable operation of all weak current systems in the station, the traditional decentralized power supply mode is changed to a centralized power supply and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) (1 + 1) parallel double-bus system. At the same time, combined with the data on equipment quantity, station passenger flow and station building floorage, the Boruta algorithm is used to filter out the equipment related to station weak current energy consumption, and a principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is used to further reduce the dimensions of the filtered features to reduce the algorithm overhead of the subsequent quota analysis model. The XGBoost algorithm is used to establish a prediction model for station weak current system energy consumption. Analysis shows that there is a strong correlation between the energy consumption quota and the equipment quantity as well as station building floorage. By setting different metering instruments for power supply circuits, the main energy consumption data are collected to meet the requirements for graded metering of metro energy consumption, and then the energy consumption quota for the station weak current system is reasonably predicted. By adding metering instruments to the power supply circuits of different areas and equipment, the energy consumption of the weak current system can be measured and monitored in different grades. The combination of the energy management platform and energy consumption quota provides the basis for energy management of each energy-consuming unit, and ultimately realizes energy saving and reduced consumption.

Energy Benchmarking Management for Beer and Beverage Industry in Vietnam

The purpose of this paper is to introduce basic principles of benchmarking and explain the methodology to set the specific energy consumption (SEC) target for the beer and beverage industry in Vietnam to evaluate performance, support decisions, and energy efficiency (EE) improvement. Energy benchmarking management method is used to assess EE performance. This study also presents the SEC methodology as a guide for Vietnam enterprises in the brewery sector on how to manage the EE consumption and to comply with the legal energy consumption quota in the beer and beverage production. The study supports the enterprise in how to determine the SEC and support for national EE is essential to the promotion and deployment of practical energy-saving solutions and compliance with the SEC through a suitable energy-saving target. In addition, this paper is introducing the original SEC calculation in three cases of production in the beer and beverage industry including producing beer only, producing beverage only, and producing both beer & beverage in the context of Vietnam.

Research on Energy Consumption Quota Index System for Chinese Public Institutions and Its Application

Energy consumption quota has been widely used in various fields as an important means and technical support for energy conservation. As an important field of energy conservation in the whole society, energy conservation of public institutions shall also require an energy consumption quota method to manage energy consumption. Based on the zoning and classification of public institutions, through analyzing the energy usage characteristics of public institutions such as heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, office and cooking, this article studied the core indexes and reference indexes of public institutions with or without heating systems, proposed the energy consumption quota index system for public institutions, and provided single-index and multiple-index evaluation schemes..

Discussion on Standardization of Energy Consumption Quota in Public Institutions

The compilation process of the quota standard of public institutions is the self-checking behavior of their own energy consumption. By analyzing the energy usage and characteristics of different types of public institutions, the refinement of energy conservation management of public institutions is gradually realized. This article introduced the background of energy consumption quota management for public institutions in China and the current situation of energy consumption quota of public institutions at home and abroad, determined the energy quota management mechanism of public institutions, proposed methods of the determination of application scope, the classification of organization, the selection of energy consumption quota index and the determination of energy quota value according to related requirements, and discussed the foreground of applying energy consumption quota standards for public institutions.

Allocation of Energy Consumption among Provinces in China: A Weighted ZSG-DEA Model

To realize the sustainable development of energy, the Chinese government has formulated a series of national goals of total energy control and energy structure optimization. Under the national constraints, how to efficiently allocate the constrained total amount of energy consumption to each province is a fundamental problem to be solved. Based on a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and a zero-sum game theory (ZSG), this paper constructs a weighted zero-sum game data envelopment analysis (ZSG-DEA) model to allocate the energy consumption quota. Additionally, this paper compares the results with the current administrative targets, to examine the efficiency and feasibility of each allocation mechanism. Finally, this paper employs the proposed model to determine the optimal energy structure for each province in China. The results indicate that by 2020, the national goal of energy structure adjustment will be realized, and energy structure will be diversified in most regions, whereas the coal-dominated status in primary energy consumption will not change. Additionally, the weighted ZSG-DEA model focuses on allocation efficiency while the government considers more regional economic disparity. Therefore, this study suggests a mixture of the two allocation mechanisms in accordance with specific conditions.

Campus Building Energy Consumption Quota for Case Analysis

Along with our country energy-saving construction work steadily, energy-saving standards work has also attracted more and more attention. In order to provide the basis for making policy of building energy conservation, many departments are doing a lot of research for all types of building energy saving standards. Architecture of the college as a special group, their energy has its own particularity. This passage has counted the building energy consumption data of representative of several universities of Jiangsu province, and established the standard building model through BECS energy-saving design software, finally, used SPSS statistical software for data and model analysis, so as to make the relevant quota. The result shows that, Jiangsu province university office building statistical quota is about 32.876 kWh/(m2·a), technical norm is about 36.29 kWh/(m2·a). At the same time, because of different calculating methods, building energy consumption statistic quota and technical norm exist certain disparity, therefore, the quota level 's formulation also needs the combination of scientific calculation methods, and considering the statistical quota and technical norm of two indexes.

Carbon dioxide emissions, output, and energy consumption categories in Algeria.

This study examines the relation between CO2 emissions, income, non-renewable, and renewable energy consumption in Algeria during the period extending from 1980 to 2011. Our work gives particular attention to the validity of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) with break point method outcome demonstrates the positive effect of non-renewable type of energy on CO2 emissions consumption. On the contrary, the results reveal an insignificant effect of renewable energy on environment improvement. Moreover, the results accept the existence of EKC hypothesis but the highest gross domestic product value in logarithm scale of our data is inferior to the estimated turning point. Consequently, policy-makers in Algeria should expand the ratio of renewable energy and should decrease the quota of non-renewable energy consumption.

Establishing Energy Consumption Quota for Residential Buildings Using Regression Analysis and Energy Simulation

Establishing Energy Consumption Quota for Residential Buildings Using Regression Analysis and Energy Simulation

End-of-Life in the railway sector: Analysis of recyclability and recoverability for different vehicle case studies

The railway system represents one of the most resource-efficient answer to our ever-growing demand for transport service and the development trends for the following years forecast a substantial increase in this sector. Considering the European Union, rolling stock realizes a significant share of both goods and passengers carriage while it is responsible for a derisory quota of environmental impact and energy consumption involved by transportation. Contrary to the low environmental impact, the amount of End-of-Life (EoL) waste generated by rolling stocks in relation to the number of vehicles is notable, much greater than in the case of road vehicles. As railway vehicles are constituted by many heterogeneous components, the EoL rolling stock is a precious source of materials, whose recycling brings measurable economic benefits and needs to be appropriately debated. The paper presents calculation of recoverability/recyclability rate for different typologies of vehicles representative of railway transport; calculation is performed on the basis of primary data and according to the recyclability and recoverability calculation method issued by UNIFE in the context of Product Category Rules (PCR). The typologies of railway vehicles taken into account are electric metro, diesel commuter train and high-speed electric train. The analysis envisages also to replicate the calculation in case innovative materials and manufacturing technologies are adopted in the construction of car-body structure. Results show that recyclability/recoverability rates are abundantly over the quota of 90% for each one of the three trains, these latter being made in major part of metals that benefit from very efficient recovery processes. The adoption of innovative materials and manufacturing technologies for car-body structure involves a scarce reduction of recyclability and recoverability rates (about 2% and 0.2% respectively) due to the introduction of components and materials characterized by critical dismantlability and low efficiency recovery processes; recoverability results less affected by lightweighting because post-shredding thermal recovery treatments are roughly independent with respect to dismantlability. A sensitivity analysis based on different dismantling scenarios reveals that the effectiveness of dismantling has a moderate influence on recyclability/recoverability rate (the variation does not exceed 3%). The low variability of recyclability/recoverability rate can be explained by the following reasons: predominance of metals in trains material composition, efficiency of metals separation processes close to 100%, post-shredding recycling processes of metals characterized by recovery factors equal to the ones of post-dismantling recycling processes.

Energy consumption quota management of Wanda commercial buildings in China

There is limited research of commercial buildings’ energy use data conducted based on practical analysis in China nowadays. Some energy consumption quota tools like Energy Star in U.S or VDI 3807 in Germany have limitation in China's building sector. This study introduces an innovative methodology of applying energy use quota model and empirical management to commercial buildings, which was in accordance of more than one hundred opened shopping centers of a real estate group in China. On the basis of statistical benchmarking, a new concept of “Modified coefficient”, which considers weather, occupancy, business layout, operation schedule and HVAC efficiency, is originally introduced in this paper. Our study shows that the average energy use quota increases from north to south. The average energy use quota of sample buildings is 159 kWh/(m2.a) of severe cold climate zone, 179 kWh/(m2.a) of cold zone, 188 kWh/(m2.a) of hot summer and cold winter zone, and 200 kWh/(m2.a) of hot summer and warm winter zone. The energy use quota model has been validated in the property management for year 2016, providing a new method of commercial building energy management to the industry. As a key result, there is 180 million energy saving potential based on energy quota management in 2016, equals to 6.2% saving rate of actual energy use in 2015.

Making method and application of standards for energy consumption quota of civil buildings

Based on the energy consumption survey in Wuhan, the paper provides the civil building energy consumption quotas according to the three energy efficiency indicators, which include the limit value, the admission value and the advanced value. The paper also presents the uses of different energy consumption quotas and analyses the difference between them. Adopting a statistical analysis method, the paper analyses the limit values of 39 kinds of building using SPSS software. Adopting a simulation method and a device isolation method, the paper provides 15 kinds of admission values and advanced values using DeST simulation software based on energy efficiency design standards. The paper also analyses that judging and excluding outliers are the basis for accurately formulating energy quotas. According to the building energy efficiency and fair principle, the paper gives unit building area energy consumption indicators for buildings with 39 kinds of different functions, air conditioning and heating energy consumption accounts for the proportion of building energy consumption, the limit values of energy consumption indicators of annual per capita energy consumption, per household, per bed, per student which are concerned with building function and standard deviations of the limit values.