Energy Consumption Of Rural Buildings Research Articles

Construction and Case Analysis of a Comprehensive Evaluation System for Rural Building Energy Consumption from an Energy–Building–Behavior Composite Perspective

A comprehensive evaluation system for rural building energy consumption from an innovative composite perspective was established, suitable for southwest of China. The index system was established by brainstorming and the Delphi method, the weights of the comprehensive evaluation model were calculated by the analytic network process (ANP) method, and the scoring criteria of all evaluation indexes were levelled based on fuzzy evaluation theory. The system model was verified by case analysis, in the countryside around Chengdu Second Circle. Taking into account the highest weight, lowest comprehensive score, and widest range of comprehensive scores, three key factors were identified, namely percentage of clean energy use, thermal performance of exterior walls, and implementation rate of energy-saving measures. The distribution of comprehensive indicators and evaluation factors had certain spatial distribution characteristics, and the overall spatial distribution was characteristically high in the southeast and low in the northwest. Finally, based on key factors and regional distribution characteristics, energy-saving measures are proposed from three aspects: increasing sunrooms, adding wall insulation layers, and standardizing air conditioning temperature settings.

Clustering Method Comparison for Rural Occupant’s Behavior Based on Building Time-Series Energy Data

The purpose of this research is to compare clustering methods and pick up the optimal clustered approach for rural building energy consumption data. Research undertaken so far has mainly focused on solving specific issues when employing the clustered method. This paper concerns Yushan island resident’s time-series electricity usage data as a database for analysis. Fourteen algorithms in five categories were used for cluster analysis of the basic data sets. The result shows that Km_Euclidean and Km_shape present better clustering effects and fitting performance on continuous data than other algorithms, with a high accuracy rate of 67.05% and 65.09%. Km_DTW is applicable to intermittent curves instead of continuous data with a low precision rate of 35.29% for line curves. The final conclusion indicates that the K-means algorithm with Euclidean distance calculation and the k-shape algorithm are the two best clustering algorithms for building time-series energy curves. The deep learning algorithm can not cluster time-series-building electricity usage data under default parameters in high precision.

Exploring the appropriate technology for green renovation of rural buildings incorporating regional culture: Taking the renovation of village houses in Conghua, Nanping, Guangzhou as an example

In view of the rising energy consumption of rural buildings in recent years and the neglect of the connection with regional architectural culture in the construction process, this study explains the connotation and representation of regional culture based on the theoretical tool of cultural regional character, and constructs a suitable technical system for green transformation of rural buildings incorporating regional culture from five aspects, which are regional character creation, outdoor environment improvement, envelope structure performance optimization, indoor environment quality improvement, and renewable energy utilization. Based on the construction of this system, this study takes the renovation of the village residence in Nanping, Conghua, Guangzhou as an example, and explores the ways to achieve green and sustainable development in the renovation of rural buildings in the Lingnan Guangfu area with the guidance of the system and method of integrating regional culture and modern green building technology. The study compares the buildings of Nanping village residence in Conghua, Guangzhou, before and after the renovation, and finds that after the renovation, the building consumes less energy, the spatial quality is improved, and the overall spatial and stylistic expression is more in line with the regional cultural characteristics, which provides theoretical and practical references for the green renovation of rural buildings.

Research on Carbon Emission Characteristics of Rural Buildings Based on LMDI-LEAP Model

Based on the emission factor method and LMDI-LEAP model, this paper systematically studies the current situation, influencing factors and changing trend of carbon emissions from rural buildings in a typical village located in southern China. The results showed that (1) the per capita carbon emissions generated by the energy consumption of rural buildings is 2.58 tCO2/a. Carbon emissions from electricity consumption in buildings account for about 96.07%; (2) the per capita building area, building area energy intensity, population size, population structure and carbon emission coefficient affect rural building carbon emissions, with contribution rates of 70.13%, 31.27%, 0.61%, −1.21% and −0.80%, respectively; (3) from 2021 to 2060, the carbon emissions of rural buildings are expected to increase first and then decrease. In 2021, the base year, carbon emissions from buildings were 2755.49 tCO2. The carbon emissions will peak at 5275.5 tCO2. Measures such as controlling the scale of buildings and improving the utilization rate of clean energy can effectively reduce carbon emissions, in which case the peak can be reduced to 4830.06 tCO2. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions about rural building energy saving and emission reduction are proposed, including improving the construction management, raising energy efficiency standards in buildings, increasing the proportion of clean energy and raising residents’ awareness of energy conservation.

Influence of Outdoor Wind Environment on Thermal Environment Around Rural Houses

According to statistics, building energy consumption accounts for 33% of the country's total energy consumption, in which rural building energy consumption accounts for 20%, and with the continuous advancement of new rural construction, various policies to benefit the people have been promulgated successively, this proportion will increase year by year.However, at present, the focus of building energy conservation work is concentrated in urban areas. Rural houses lack technical guidance on energy conservation in buildings. The self-built model is basically adopted, which consumes too much energy. Therefore, based on the CFD numerical simulation technology, this paper takes some rural houses in Xi'an as a research object, simulates its outdoor wind environment, combined with the wind environment evaluation standard, the existing problems of rural houses are analyzed, and the improvement scheme is proposed. After the adjustment, the simulation analysis again showed that when the angle between the rural house building and the wind direction in Xi'an is 45 °, the comfort of human living environment is the best, which provides a reference for future energy conservation and consumption reduction in rural areas.

Influence Mechanism of Window-to-Wall Ratio on Energy Consumption of Rural Buildings in Southern Shaanxi, China

Influence Mechanism of Window-to-Wall Ratio on Energy Consumption of Rural Buildings in Southern Shaanxi, China

Research on Energy-Saving Optimization for the Performance Parameters of Rural-Building Shape and Envelope by TRNSYS-GenOpt in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone of China

The aim of this paper is to optimize the building shape parameters and envelope parameters influencing the rural building energy consumption in cold winter and hot summer climate. Several typical models are established and optimized by integrated TRNSYS and GenOpt. Single-objective optimization has provided guidance to the multi-dimensional optimization. Building shape and envelope parameters are considered simultaneously by multi-dimensional optimization. Results of the optimization showed significant reduction in terms of EC (energy consumption). When O (building orientation) was SW (south by west) 10°, LWR (length-width ratio) was 1.1, WWRS (window-wall ratio in south) with the range of 0.6–0.8, ITE (insulation thickness of exterior wall) and ITR (insulation thickness of roof) was 0.05 m and 0.08 m respectively, the building had minimal energy consumption. The results also indicated that the optimal EWT (exterior window type) was plastic single-frame Low-E insulating glazing filled with inert gas, and the optimal shape of building is Re (rectangle). An effective method was provided to optimize the design of the rural building for the purpose of reducing building energy consumption in cold winter and hot summer climate.

Influencing factors regression analysis of heating energy consumption of rural buildings in China

The heating energy consumption in rural residential buildings is increasing in recent years. The 181 influencing factors which influence heating energy consumption mainly includes five parts: family basic information, rural residential building features, building envelope information, indoor air quality in winter and building heating energy consumption. Multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the significant factors which affect rural building heating energy. Suitable and validated multiple regression model can use less variables to describe, explain and predict the heat energy consumption of rural residential buildings. Comparing different multiple linear regression models, one interactive exponential model which has goodness of fit, less predictive relative error and less influencing factors is optimal. This exponential model can be applied to predict heating energy consumption and annual heating energy consumption of per degree-days heating area of rural buildings.Logistic regression analysis can predict heating energy consumption from high, medium or low probability prediction classification and can evaluate the heating energy consumption level. Two regression analysis methods present a reliable, valid, and economical instrument for in-depth rural building energy saving research.

Research on Climate-Adaptable Passive Design Strategies of Rural Buildings in South of the Yangtze River Region of China

This paper studies the energy saving on the rural housing of the Jiangnan Region in China, by introducing the coupling analysis of climate response design method and orthogonal test method into the passive optimal design. Six design factors influencing energy consumption of rural buildings in this region are screened, combining with the energy consumption simulation and analysis software. Meanwhile, the analysis on climate-adaptable strategies, influence trend and importance on cooling & heating load of rural buildings imposed by various design factors, as well as the combination mode of design factors achieving the optimal cooling & heating load are obtained in order to play a certain guiding role in construction of rural buildings in this region.

Evaluation Method for Heating Energy Consumption of Rural Buildings in Cold Zone

Evaluation of heating energy consumption plays an important part for promoting rural building energy efficiency. Key Evaluation factors were selected and grouped from diversified factors that can affect heating energy consumption of rural buildings in cold zone by using variance analysis method according to the statistical strength of association. Two-stage evaluation index system for heating energy consumption was established, and the weight coefficients of each stage's evaluation indicators were determined by constructing an improved evaluation and comparison matrix, which was based on comparisons of the strength value of association between indicators. The improved method is much superior to traditional analytic hierarchy process(AHP) which is subject to expert subjective judgement. The evaluation method of heating energy consumption provides comparably objective judgment and evaluation, and may be beneficial to putting forward the corresponding energy efficiency improvements.

Investigation on the Winter Building Energy Consumption in Rural Areas in Jinan, China

The rural building energy consumption is significantly increasing with the development of the economic level and the rural building energy consumption consumes up to 50% of the total building energy consumption in China. In this study, the field measurements and a large amount of questionnaires were carried out in nearly 50 villages located in five different suburban counties in Jinan, China. The present rural residential building envelop characteristic, indoor thermal environment, occupant thermal/humidity perception as well as the heating energy data were analyzed. The results mainly show that the heating energy consumption using coal fuel in rural area accounts for majority of building energy consumption with the value of up to 83%. This study also provides appropriate measures such as renewable energy technologies according to local natural resources to save rural building energy. It is useful to help the government to make a strategic decision.

The assessment of building energy efficiency in China rural society: Developing a new theoretical construct

Since the reform and opening up policy was initiated in 1978, the rural economic level and residential living standard have been greatly improved. China's rural building energy consumption has also rapidly increased. This research was designed to provide the overall context of energy efficiency in rural China and through evaluation demonstrates that current theory has significant gaps when compared to practice. Therefore, this paper presents a new theoretical framework to assist decision-makers. First, we analyzed the situation and the characteristics of building energy consumption in the countryside. During this situational analysis, we identified the challenges in rural building energy efficiency (RBEE) work. To promote the development of RBEE, the central and local governments have launched related policies, and some achievements have been made in RBEE. However, there are still some drawbacks in rural buildings, so based on the above analysis coupled with the low carbon framework, we re-assessed the development of RBEE. This allowed us to develop a new theoretical framework incorporating critical factors, such as development principles, building planning and design, construction, operation and the utilization of renewable energy. This new model could play an important practical role in directing policy-making and promoting the development of RBEE.

Overview of rural building energy efficiency in China

Over the past three decades, people׳s living standard in China has been greatly improved, accompanied by the rapid increasing building energy consumption. Rural building energy consumption has become one of the most important parts of the total energy consumption in China, which deserves to be paid much attention. It is of vital importance to promote building energy efficiency for the New Socialist Countryside and energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper provides an overview of building energy consumption in the countryside, which figures out the situation and challenges in energy-saving work. The government has worked for years on rural building code system aimed at narrowing the energy gap between urban areas, but it is in the beginning phase. This paper has analyzed the only special issues about rural building energy efficiency and the mandatory standards for urban buildings, which can facilitate the development of rural building energy efficiency. Based on the above analysis, some recommendations regarding the improvement of rural building energy efficiency are given.

Building energy efficiency in China rural areas: Situation, drawbacks, challenges, corresponding measures and policies

Abstract At present, building energy consumption (BEC) accounts for about 30% of total energy consumption in China, where rural BEC (RBEC) accounts for 37% of total BEC and it still shows a trend of increase year by year. To reduce RBEC is a strategic problem in new rural construction under the premise of improving rural living standards. Firstly, authors introduced the situation of RBEC, and then figured out problems and challenges in rural building energy efficiency. Secondly, authors put forward some measures about how to reduce RBEC based on strategy of adjusting measures to local conditions, including architecture planning and design, building envelope system, renewable energy development and utilization, and daily life energy saving. Finally, based on the analysis mentioned above, authors made some suggestions on policies and standards to improve building energy efficiency. Rural building energy efficiency not only has vital significance of improving rural resident living standards and life qualities but also has important meaning to reduce energy consumption and to promote new rural construction.

Application of Biomass Materials for Heat Insulation in Rural Buildings

Heating energy consumption of rural buildings in China was analyzed in this paper. Thermal insulations were compared between some kinds of biomass and fossil materials. Application forms of biomass materials were discussed for heat insulation in rural buildings, and the potential was analyzed for energy-saving and CO2-emission-reducing. As a big agricultural country, the benefit and potential of biomass materials may be remarkable in heat insulation in rural buildings in the light of local conditions.