Energy Consumption Of Routing Protocols Research Articles

Energy-Saving Routing Protocols for Smart Cities

In recent decades, expansion in urban areas has faced issues such as management of public waste, noise, mobility, and air quality, among others. In this scenario, Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) scenarios are being considered for Smart Cities solutions based on the deployment of wireless remote sensor nodes to monitor large urban areas. However, as the number of nodes increases, the amount of data to be routed increases significantly as well, meaning that the choice of the data routing process has great importance in terms of the energy consumption and lifetime of the network. In this work, we describe and evaluate the energy consumption of routing protocols for WSN-based Smart Cities applications in LoRa-based mesh networks, then propose a novel energy-saving radio power adjustment (RPA) routing protocol. The Cupcarbon network simulator was used to evaluate the performance of different routing protocols in terms of their data package delivery rate, average end-to-end delay, average jitter, throughput, and load consumption of battery charge. Additionally, a novel tool for determining the range of nodes based on the Egli propagation model was designed and integrated into Cupcarbon. The routing protocols used in this work are Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Distance Vector Routing (DVR). Our simulation results show that AODV presents the best overall performance, DSR achieves the best results for power consumption, and DVR is the best protocol in terms of latency. Finally, the proposed RPA routing protocol presents power savings of 11.32% compared to the original DSR protocol.

Effects of Nodes Mobility on the Energy Consumption of Routing Protocols (AODV, DSDV) in Adhoc Networks

Provision of routing mechanism is the elemental concern in adhoc networks. Various routing protocols have been devised and are in use. Quest for the best is in progress and have highlighted certain limitations associated to every protocol. Assessments of routing protocols by their performance in the usage of bandwidth, route selection, delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput have been the main concerns for researchers. Mobility of nodes is a very charming characteristic of adhoc networks, however, it has an allied issue that its nodes are mostly limited battery powered. Routing protocols have a definite influence on the overall energy consumption of the nodes. Energy consumption is an equally important concern to be addressed in evaluating the existing or developing new routing protocols. This research will evaluate two well-known routing protocols AOVD and DSDV on basis of energy consumption. The affects of nodes mobility on the energy consumption levels of these routing protocols will remain the main focus. All the simulations will be made in NS 2.35, and will have these two different scenarios i.e. adhoc network with static nodes and adhoc network with mobile nodes.

A Novel Approach for Reducing Energy Consumption in Routing Protocol for Clustered Wireless Networks

A Novel Approach for Reducing Energy Consumption in Routing Protocol for Clustered Wireless Networks

Evaluation of Energy Consumption of Proactive, Reactive, and Hybrid Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks Using 802.11 Standards

This paper provides a deep evaluation of the energy consumption of routing protocols. The evaluation is done along with other metrics such as throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). We introduce two more metrics to capture the efficiency of the energy consumption: e-throughput and e-PDR. Both are ratios in relation to the energy. We consider the three low layers of the stack. Three types of routing protocols are used: proactive, reactive, and hybrid. At the MAC and PHY layer, three radio types are considered: 802.11a/b/g. Finally, the number of nodes is varying in random topologies, with nodes being static or mobile. Simulations are conducted using NS3. The parameters of a real network interface card are used. From the results in mobile position scenarios, no protocol is outperforming the others; even if OLSR has the lowest energy consumption, most of the time. However, in constant position scenarios, AODV consumed a lower energy, apart from the scenarios using the 802.11a standard where HWMP energy consumption is the lowest. Regarding the energy efficiency, AODV protocols provided the best e-throughput and OLSR the best e-PDR in overall configurations. A framework for selecting energy-efficient routing protocol depending on network characteristics is proposed at the end.