Energy Consumption Of Network Equipment Research Articles

On the Evaluation of Complex Networks Designs for an Energy-Efficient IP/WDM Core Network

As the Internet grows in capacity, the energy consumption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are significantly increasing. Significant research efforts on energy conservation have been devoted to devise different technological solutions to address raised concerns surrounding the power consumption of networking equipment and its impact firstly on the emission of greenhouse gases and secondly on electricity bills. In this work, we investigate energy-efficient physical topologies for NSF IP over wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) network for the purpose of minimizing energy consumption by redesigning its current physical connectivity. We implement different network topologies, such as implementing the small-world, scale-free (SFN), and random networks on the NSF network, then evaluate and compare its physical properties and network power consumption with the current NSF topology design using a mixed-integer linear programming model, all with the aim of minimizing the network total power consumption. The evaluation shall optimize and minimize the embodied energy consumption of network equipment in the IP and optical layers. Results have demonstrated that the implementation of the proposed energy-minimized topology designs can significantly improve the node’s clustering coefficient, reduce network’s diameter, and reduce energy consumption of the NSF IP over WDM network to 28% if compared with the current design implementation.

Energy-saving algorithm for data centre network based on genetic algorithm

This thesis focuses on network equipments in the data centre which has caused rapidly growth of energy consumption recent years. The switches account for the largest proportion of energy consumption of network equipments, so turning off unneeded switches can reduce energy consumption effectively. Based on this point, we develop a high-efficient routing algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) in order to improve energy consumption of network equipments. Genetic algorithm is a kind of a heuristic algorithm which solves the optimisation problem rapidly by imitating the way of the natural selection, but to a certain degree, it reduces accuracy. It is a complicated problem to decide routing path in a short period, so we choose genetic algorithm to achieve our goals. In our simulation, we make some improvements of GA in order to fit our problem and raise the accuracy of its solution.

Improving the energy efficiency of software-defined backbone networks

The continuous growth of traffic and the energy consumption of network equipments can limit the deployment of large-scale distributed infrastructure. This work aims to improve the energy efficiency of backbone networks by dynamically adjusting the number of active links according to network load. We propose an intra-domain software-defined network approach to select and turn off a subset of links. The SPRING protocol (a.k.a. segment routing) is used to make our algorithms converge faster. The algorithms—implemented and evaluated using the OMNET++ discrete event simulator—can achieve energy savings of around 44 % when considering real backbone networks.

IP-Over-WDM Network Design Methodology to Improve Efficiency in Overall Expenditure Due to Cost and Energy Consumption

With the rapid growth of traffic volume in telecom networks, a larger amount of network equipment with higher capacity and enhanced processing speed is required to accommodate the traffic. Therefore, expenditure due to cost and energy consumption (EC) of network equipment is also increasing. In existing research toward improving efficiency in spending, during the greenfield network design phase (i.e., the network planning phase or the phase wherein capacity is provisioned for a new network), either cost efficiency or EC efficiency is considered. However, the most cost-efficient network may not always be the most energy- efficient. Thus, during the network planning phase, the cost andECof network equipment should be considered together for cost- and energy-optimized realization of the network. In this study, an IP-over-WDM(IPoWDM) network design is explored to reduce the combined expenditure (due to cost and EC of network equipment) for setting up and operating the network over a given time period (referred to as the planning period). In this regard, we propose mixed integer linear programming-based optimization models and auxiliary matrix-based cost- and energy-efficient network design (AM-CEND) heuristic to minimize the overall expenditure. In the proposed schemes, network equipment is provisioned judiciously such that the overall expenditure is minimized. In this regard, we use a practical network setting, where all network equipment is considered to be bidirectional, and WDM equipment is considered with finite maximum transparent reach limits. It may be observed that a network designed using AM-CENDheuristic offers significant savings in the overall expenditure as illustrated by our exhaustive simulation study conducted for the example network scenario.

저전력 대기를 사용하는 OBS 망에서 에너지 절감을 위한 상태 천이 결정 알고리즘

Recently, many researchers have studied to solve the energy consumption of network equipments since the interest of Green IT has been increased. In this paper, we apply Low Power Idle (LPI) to OBS network to reduce energy consumption of network devices. Many previous researches have focused on maximizing the sleep time of network equipments to increase the energy saving efficiency of LPI. But transition overhead caused by LPI might not only depreciate the performance of energy saving but also increase packet delay. In this paper, Transition Decision (TD) algorithm is proposed to improve energy saving efficiency by reducing the number of unnecessary transition and guarantee the required QoS such as packet delay. To evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm, we model OBS edge router with LPI by OPNET and analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm in views of energy saving, transition count and average packet delay.

“Energy Efficient Ethernet” enhanced with a QoS-aware sleep mode controller

Operating costs and scalability of nowadays telecommunication networks are largely impacted by energy consumption of network equipments. In packet switching devices it is especially due to packet processing, queuing, and input/output interface functionalities. Different approaches to reduce energy consumption in packet switches are emerging, some exploit under-laid optical bypass of transit traffic to reduce their capacity and interfaces, others simplify their operations or turn off some of their functionalities when unnecessary. The IEEE standardization body developed a standard on Energy Efficient Ethernet IEEE P802.3az that defined a mechanism allowing to de-activate the Physical layer elements during periods of low link utilization. It is based on a protocol that coordinates transitions to and from a lower power consumption mode without changing the link status and dropping frames. Time needed by such transitions is, however, comparable with packet transmission time; that makes energy efficiency of the method far from being proportional to interfaces unused capacity. Solutions proposed in the literature to improve EEE performance are mainly based on the buffer and burst approach, which, making the transmission non continuous, creates more opportunities for long sleeping period. Such solutions, however, if applied across the network, strongly impact packet delay requirements. In this paper, a traffic management mechanism that controls sleeping period to reduce EEE transitions overhead while meeting delay constraints of data flows is proposed. Starting from the consideration that in Ethernet network provisioning is static, i.e. service level agreement parameters of each flow are configured on switches output ports of its path via management plane at the set-up phase, the proposed method off-line determines, for each output port, if the activation of a dummy flow, associated to the quiet period, can provide power consumption reduction without impacting data flows delay requirements. On ports where the dummy flow is activated the sleeping period is triggered by the scheduler mechanism each time a dummy packet is served. A comparative analysis between the standard EEE, with and without the support of buffer and burst functionality, and the proposed method has been carried out in order to quantify the improvements in terms of energy efficiency and to assess its effectiveness in terms of Quality of Service QoS.

수면 모드를 사용하는 OBS 망에서 트래픽 패턴 및 버스트 어셈블이 에너지 절감과 지연시간에 미치는 영향 분석

최근에 Green IT 에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 네트워크 장치에서 발생하는 에너지의 소비를 줄이기 위한 연구가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 수면모드 (sleeping mode)를 이용하는 OBS 네트워크에서 트래픽 패턴 및 버스트 어셈블 알고리즘이 에너지 절감율과 지연시간에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 이를 위하여 OPNET Modeler 를 사용하여 지수 분포와 파레토 분포를 가지는 트래픽 생성 모델과 시간 및 길이 기반의 버스트 어셈블 알고리즘을 수행하는 라우터 모델을 구현하고 시뮬레이션을 수행한다. 구현된 시뮬레이터를 통하여 트래픽 패턴 및 버스트 어셈블 방식에 따른 슬리핑 시간, 상태 천이 횟수, 패킷 지연시간 및 에너지 절감율을 측정하고 분석한다. As Green-IT has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, many researches have been interested in reducing the energy consumption of network equipments. In this paper, we analyze the energy saving ratio and delay performance according to various traffic patterns and burst assemble algorithms in OBS network with sleeping mode. To do this, we design the traffic generators, which are based on exponential distribution and Pareto distribution, and the router model, which has the time based and length based burst assemble algorithms by using OPNET modeler. Through OPNET simulator, we evaluate the energy saving performance in terms of the sleeping time, the number of transitions and packet delay.

Green multicast grooming based on optical bypass technology

With the network traffic increasing, the energy consumption of network equipments is growing greatly. Under the background of serious greenhouse effect, the excessive energy consumption has become a major barrier of developing the future information society. For this reason, the issue of saving energy followed by the grooming and optical bypass technology has become particularly important. In this paper, in order to perform the energy-saving for multicast demands, we present the multicast grooming policies and also develop a new auxiliary graph to support the multicast routing in green optical network. Based on the proposed auxiliary graph, a novel Multicast Green Grooming (MGG) approach by using the energy-efficient optical bypass technology and the effective grooming policy combination is proposed to reduce the occupied energy-consuming equipments that mainly include the core router ports, optical transceivers and amplifiers. Simulation results show that, compared to the traditional approach, MGG not only can obtain the lower blocking probability but also is able to save significant energy.