Energy Consumption In Countries Research Articles

A step towards a sustainable environment in top-10 nuclear energy consumer countries: The role of financial globalization and nuclear energy

Nuclear energy is considered an effective means of enhancing environmental sustainability. Considering this point, this study aims to explore the impact of nuclear energy, financial globalization, technological innovation, and economic growth on ecological sustainability in the top-10 nuclear energy-consuming economies from 1995 to 2020. The load capacity factor is used as a novel proxy for ecological sustainability, explaining how human actions affect ecological sustainability and how nature compensates for human-induced damage. The study employs a novel non-parametric MMQR approach to obtain coefficients across heterogeneous quantiles. The MMQR estimation findings indicate that: (i) nuclear and renewable energy consumption and financial globalization promote environmental sustainability by increasing the LCF; (ii) economic growth degrades ecological sustainability by decreasing the LCF; and (iii) the results from Granger causality suggest a causal link among economic growth, technological innovation, nuclear energy, and LCF. The study recommends that the governments of the top-10 nuclear energy-consuming countries facilitate more investment in green technologies and green energy to achieve environmental sustainability.

From Fossil to Future: The Transformative Role of Renewable Energy in Shaping Economic Landscapes

In recent years, numerous countries have embarked on a transformative journey to reshape their energy portfolios by transitioning from fossil-based resources to renewable sources, significantly impacting economic growth. This study aims to scrutinize the influence of renewable energy consumption (REC) on GDP growth responsiveness in the top 20 renewable energy-consuming countries over the period from 1990 to 2021. To ensure robust panel analysis, the study addresses cross-sectional dependence using the diagnostic test proposed by Pesaran (2004). The long-run perspective reveals that both conventional factors of production, encompassing both renewable and non-renewable energy (Fossil Fuel Energy - FEF) consumption, make positive contributions to GDP growth in the sampled countries. Single-country time series analyses further underscore the positive long-run output elasticities concerning renewable energy in the majority of these nations. These findings highlight the pivotal role of renewable energy as a key determinant of sustained GDP growth, indicating that these countries are on a trajectory of sustainable development. The study's implications extend to policy considerations, urging collaborative efforts among governments, international organizations, and energy planners. There is a pressing need for the implementation of strategic renewable energy initiatives across nations. Governments are encouraged to adopt incentive-based policies to optimize the harnessing of renewable energy resources, fostering not only economic growth but also contributing to the global pursuit of sustainable and environmentally conscious practices.

How does natural resource depletion affect energy security risk? New insights from major energy-consuming countries

The continuous supply of reliable and affordable energy sources is crucial for driving a nation's economic activities. The phenomenon of continuous energy supply at affordable prices is called energy security. To date, more than two-thirds of the global energy demand is met by non-renewable energy derived from natural resources. The empirical connection between natural resource depletion and energy security risk remains unexplored in the prior literature. Thus, this study analyzes the empirical linkage between natural resource depletion and energy security risk by applying the CS-ARDL and PMG-ARDL models. As per our findings, natural resource depletion increases long-term energy security risks Globally and in Asia, America, Europe, and Africa. In short run, the role of natural resource depletion is mostly insignificant in energy security risk. In contrast, the GDP, financial development, trade openness, and technological development help reduce long-run energy security risk in all regions except Africa. In the short run, only GDP and trade openness help reduce energy security risks in most regions. Therefore, policymakers should focus on efficiently utilizing natural resources to mitigate energy security risks.

Method to establish time-series building energy data inventory based on frequency for energy-sharing community planning

This study aims to establish a foundation for estimating energy demand according to building types by proposing a method to establish a time-series energy data inventory solely based on energy consumption in countries where typical models or benchmarking data by building types have not been developed. First, we presented the characteristics of energy consumption patterns that can be defined from the energy consumption itself based on frequency characteristics. Then, we defined a method to normalize and classify types of daily energy consumption patterns using this method and validated it with measured data. Finally, based on the results, a generalized method for establishing building time series energy data inventory was proposed. This method has a simple procedure and its result can be interpreted intuitively. It does not require data to be converted into stationary time-series data, unlike statistical methods, and it can avoid data distortion due to building operational errors. Moreover, it is easy to find the reasons for the results because the processes are easy to understand, unlike artificial intelligence methods. This study proposes a method to establish a time-series building energy data inventory by classifying types based solely on energy consumption. Furthermore, it suggests the possibility of its application in the early stages of planning an energy-sharing community.

ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРЕХОД И ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЕ НА НОВОМ ЭТАПЕ РАЗВИТИЯ

The problem of increasing energy efficiency in the Russian Federation is considered. The USSR energy system was unique in size and efficiency; due to large interconnected energy facilities and the development of district heating, it made it possible to efficiently consume fuel, which resulted in annual savings of 40-60 million tons of standard fuel and 10-15 GW of capacity. After a period of decline in the 90s of the last century, over the past 15 years the country's energy consumption has increased by a third, and structural changes have occurred in the main energy-intensive sectors of the Russian economy. It is noted that industry accounts for about 45% of the Russian energy balance, which is many times more than thermal power engineering (21%). The country's reserves for energy saving and energy efficiency can be divided into two groups. System reserves, consisting of an increase in the capacity and load of “carbon-free” sources - hydroelectric power stations and nuclear power plants, active use of losses and heat from technological processes, optimization of heat supply schemes, account for more than two-thirds of the potential for increasing energy efficiency. The second group consists of the use of renewable energy sources, waste, and biofuels. The country’s energy strategy should not consist in the quick payback of energy-saving projects, but in working on the systemic, multiplier effects of industrial development and infrastructure projects, the growth of large and small cities, and the development of hard-to-reach areas.

How do digital financial inclusion, ICT diffusion, and education affect energy security risk in top energy-consuming countries?

Energy security has become a crucial issue as the world economy depends more and more on energy supplies. In the context of the top energy-consuming nations, this research examines the connection between digital financial inclusion, information and communication technology (ICT), education, and energy security risk from 2011 to 2022. To that end, the study applies the two-stage least squares and system generalized method of moments estimation techniques. According to our study's findings, digital financial inclusion and associated factors, including automatic teller machines, bank branches, debit cards, and electronic payments, mitigate energy security risks. The energy security risks are also reduced due to ICT, education, gross domestic product, and renewable energy production. However, carbon emissions increase energy security risks. These findings suggest that policymakers in top energy-consuming economies should focus on the digital inclusiveness of the financial sector, ICT diffusion, and human capital to increase the opportunities for investment in the energy sector to mitigate energy security risks.

Forecasting of Brazilian CO2 emissions from nonlinear models: a review

Brazil is a developing country that emits high amounts of CO2 and, in order to comply with the Paris Agreement, it has committed to reducing 43% of its emissions by 2030 in relation to 2005. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to understand which variables contribute with these emissions and develop Energy Policies that reduce them without harming the country's energy generation, which is fundamental to its development. To understand the main factors that affect Brazilian CO2 emissions and predict their trend in the coming years, mathematical modeling has been used as a tool. This article provides a synthesis of the literature, presenting the main methods used to predict Brazilian CO2 emissions, as well as the variables with the greatest influence on them. From this review, it is concluded that non-linear mathematical models, such as Artificial Neural Networks and Gray Model, are more accurate in their predictions compared to linear models. Furthermore, variables such as economic growth and a country's energy consumption have a great influence on CO2 emissions, especially when fossil fuels are the main energy source.

Assessment of the Energy System of Ukraine: Ways of Recovery, Cases of Development

The economy of Ukraine is partially destroyed and poses an energy threat to European countries. The article analyzes trends in the development of consumption in Ukraine, and assesses the prospects for development. Energy Ukraine's system depends on fossil fuels. The government sought to diversify risks and ensure sustainable development. The energy consumption market is characterized by a decline and an increase in the use of gas. 
 The article develops cases for making decisions on the necessary investments in the energy system of Ukraine after the war. We analyze energy consumption trends and justify the need for investment in the nuclear industry, which occupies a large part of the country's energy consumption. A model for assessing and forecasting the energy consumption market has been developed. The model shows an upward trend in oil and gas consumption. Our approach allows us to quantify the net increase in energy consumption in the future. 
 Keywords: energy, energy supply, renewable energy, energy strategy, energy resources

ENERGY SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY DURING THE WAR: BARRIERS AND PROSPECTS FOR OVERCOMING

The article unveils the stages of evolution of the concept of energy security from the early ХХ century to the present realities, taking into account the full-scale aggression on the territory of Ukraine. The authors emphasize that in the past, energy security was primarily associated with ensuring the supply and delivery of oil and gas, but now it has become complicated with the supply of fuel for military purposes. It is noted that the Russian aggression against Ukraine has underscored the importance of the energy security policies of the United States and European countries. The article analyzes research results revealing security threats associated with the energy sector in the United States. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of decision-making covering technical, political, and programmatic aspects. New strategies for the energy market, including alternative energy sources and high-efficiency technologies, are discussed. The article examines the link between international conflicts and energy security, including the Persian Gulf crisis of 1991 and the Iraq war of 2003. The results of political debates regarding the confrontation between Russia, the United States, and Europe are presented, highlighting the need for the development of alternative energy sources and energy efficiency. It is determined that the future of energy policy should consider global trends and international relations, not just economic and geopolitical aspects. Current trends in the energy sector and their impact on energy security in conflict conditions are discussed. The importance of transitioning to renewable and alternative energy sources is emphasized amid declining reserves of traditional fuels and rising prices. Problems associated with continued dependence on fossil fuels, such as resource depletion, global warming, environmental issues, and geopolitical conflicts, are mentioned. The article underscores the necessity of cooperation between energy-consuming countries' governments to reorient their energy sectors. The growing threat of global warming and other issues necessitates immediate action to transition to less polluting energy sources. The article analyzes the impact of the war in Ukraine on the region's energy security and demonstrates the necessity of developing alternative energy sources to ensure energy supply stability. It is noted that energy security is a crucial element of a country's economic stability and plays a key role in international relations. Efforts by EU member countries to reduce dependence on gas supplies from Russia and effective steps towards developing alternative energy sources are highlighted. However, difficulties in achieving this goal due to inadequate coordination and increasing gas prices in Europe are noted. The necessity of swift and effective measures to ensure energy security amid modern challenges and conflicts is underscored.

Effects of digitalization on energy security risk: do financial development and environmental trade matter?

Trade in environmental goods and financial development may harness factors such as green investment, technological development, and renewable energy production, which are crucial in reducing energy security risks by diversifying energy sources. However, not many empirics have shed light on the impact of digitalization, environmental trade, and financial development on energy security risks in top energy-consuming countries. To fill this vacuum, this study intends to investigate the influence of digitalization, environmental trade, and financial development on energy security risk in top energy-consuming countries from 2003 to 2021. The study employs the 2SLS and GMM estimates for empirical estimation of top energy-consuming developed and developing economies. The results show that ICT negatively affects energy security risks in developed economies. The findings of the analysis also suggest that environmental trade and financial development cause energy security risks to be reduced in both developed and developing economies. Likewise, the energy security risks in both developed and developing nations are mitigated by ICT, GDP, carbon emissions, and renewable energy production. In contrast, the energy security risks are escalated by the rise in natural resource rents. In order to fully capitalize on the potential advantages of these elements and eventually ensure a more sustainable and secure energy future, governments, businesses, and financial institutions must work together.

Nuclear Energy and Financial Development for a Clean Environment: Examining the N-Shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Top Nuclear Energy-Consuming Countries

This research aims to reassess the impact of nuclear energy consumption and financial development on environmental quality using annual data from 1993 to 2019 for 11 countries with the highest nuclear energy consumption. Additionally, the study seeks to test the validity of the N-shaped EKC hypothesis. The findings of this study indicate a long-term cointegration relationship between the variables. According to the PCSE model results, increased nuclear energy consumption among the top 11 countries leads to decreased carbon emissions. Furthermore, the study reveals an N-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. There is a strong recommendation for enhancing investments and grants directed towards research and development endeavours to identify and implement innovative solutions to reduce carbon emissions and improve environmental quality, particularly in less technologically advanced countries. Such efforts could include allocating more substantial funding to new technologies and encouraging collaborations between academic institutions and industry. Furthermore, considering regulatory adjustments like the liberalization of the energy market with the pro-ecological initiatives mainly carried out by public utilities is crucial as part of a comprehensive strategy to address environmental challenges.

Energy‐related‐CO2 emissions in China's electricity and heating industry: A dual perspective of the economic “new normal”

AbstractAfter China's economy entered a “new normal,” their economic development model shifted from an energy‐intensive to an energy‐saving, given that China's electricity and heating industry accounts for about half of the country's energy consumption and carbon emissions. Based on the sample data from 2005 to 2020, this paper adopts the energy consumption method and the extended index decomposition model to explore carbon emissions of the electricity and heating industry in the early and late period of the economic new normal. The results show that: (1) carbon emissions from the electricity and heating industry showed a growing direction in the economic new normal period. However, compared with the early period of economic new normal, the increasing speed of carbon emissions from the electricity and heating industry slowed down significantly in the late period. This point also directly reflects that the extensive development mode of energy utilization has been alleviated after the electricity and heating industry entered the economic new normal. (2) Compared with the early period, the energy structure effect on the emission reduction was enhanced after entering the economic new normal. Meanwhile, the investment efficiency effect has changed from promoting to inhibiting. (3) Compared with the early period, the promotion impact of the investment scale effect on carbon emissions in the electricity and heating industry has no significant change after entering the economic new normal. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the emission reduction impact of the energy intensity effect is weak. This paper not only provides empirical evidence for evaluating the emission reduction effects of the Chinese electricity and heating industry before and after the economic new normal but also shares policy insights for precise emission reduction in the electricity and heating industry in the later stage of the economic new normal.

Assessment of Energy Production Potential from Agricultural Residues in Azerbaijan

The geographical conditions of Azerbaijan have provided a favorable environment for planting all kinds of agricultural products. Therefore, in recent years, paying attention to the potential of biomass resources has been the subject of increasing research and discussions in this country. This study aimed to estimate the amount of biomass energy that can be acquired from agricultural residues in Azerbaijan. The energy potential of the residues was obtained by considering the calorific value and amount of available residues. For the year 2021, the total amount of available agricultural residues for the ten studied products was estimated at 1,099,346 tons. Cotton and barley had the highest amounts of waste with 47% and 14.47%, respectively. Also, the total heating value of residues was obtained 19610.4566 GJ. Therefore, according to the obtained results, part of the country's energy consumption can be supplied in this way.

A hybrid machine learning approach for forecasting residential electricity consumption: A case study in Singapore

Ensuring effective forecasting of buildings' energy consumption is crucial in establishing a greater understanding and improvement of buildings' energy efficiency. In Singapore, domestic electricity usage in public residential buildings takes up a significant portion of the country's annual energy consumption. Having effective forecasting approaches is thus important in supporting relevant strategies and policy making. In this research, we proposed a hybrid approach that was based on a combination of building characteristics and urban landscape variables to predict residential housing electricity usage in Singapore. XGboost was also incorporated inside the hybrid approach as the preferred machine learning approach for energy consumption predictions. To demonstrate our proposed approach's predictive strength, the performance of our proposed hybrid machine learning approach was compared with two other models, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model and the Random Forest (RF) model. Results showed that our proposed hybrid model had outperformed these abovementioned approaches with higher accuracy (r2 value of 0.9). The proposed approach had thus been effective in forecasting electricity consumption for public housing in Singapore, and it could also be utilised in other similar urban areas for future electricity consumption forecasting.

The effect of technological innovation and clean energy consumption on carbon neutrality in top clean energy-consuming countries: A panel estimation

According to the reports of the “Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change” (IPCC) 2021, it also is absolutely important to limit global temperature rise to 1.90C-1.50C by 2050, and this is only possible by the involvement of green or clean technologies, negative carbon emissions technologies, change in the attitude of the people towards the environment quality, and suitable energy policies are required for achieving carbon neutrality. Given this framework, the study investigates the empirical impact of technological innovations and clean energy utilize on the ecological footprint and emissions for a panel of clean energy-consuming nations during 1990–2019. The findings indicate that clean energy improves environmental quality by reducing both emissions as well as ecological footprint. On contrary, it is also observed that innovations, population, economic growth and the use of non-clean energy have a substantial positive effect on both the emissions and ecological footprint. Thus, the results offer new insights for policymakers to encourage technological innovations for the advancement of both clean energy and negative emissions technologies. Finally, it shows how carbon neutrality can be achieved by clean energy-consuming countries.

Renewable Energy, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and CO2 Emissions in Southeast Asia Countries

The increasing rate of economic growth and globalization of the global economy has raised concerns regarding sustainable development, and renewable energy is being explored as a possible solution. The interrelationship between economics, environment, and energy consumption has been widely researched amongst academics worldwide; however, due to the inconsistent results, further exploration is needed to clarify the matter. Thus, this study seeks to investigate potential factors such as foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that impact renewable energy consumption in countries within Southeast Asia. This research suggests that FDI flows bring positive aspects to the region's renewable energy sector while GDP and CO2 emissions have negative impacts. These findings can thus be employed as baseline information for future policies that strive to expand renewable energy activities in the region.

Total-factor energy efficiency of ten major global energy-consuming countries

Improving energy efficiency is regarded as a key path to tackling global warming and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2020, the energy consumption of the world's ten major energy-consuming countries accounted for 66.8% of the global total. This paper applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate these ten major energy-consuming countries' total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) at national and sectoral levels from 2001-2020, and explored the influencing factors of total-factor energy efficiency with the Tobit regression model. The results showed significant difference in the ten countries' energy efficiency. The United States and Germany topped the list for total-factor energy efficiency, while China and India were at the bottom. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency of the industrial subsector has increased significantly over the past two decades, while that of the other subsectors has been relatively flat. The industrial structure upgrading, per capita GDP, energy consumption structure, and foreign direct investment had significant impacts on energy efficiency with national heterogeneity. Energy consumption structure and GDP per capita were determinative factors of energy efficiency.

Techno–Econo–Enviro Energy Analysis, Ranking and Optimization of Various Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Types in Different Climatic Regions of Iran

Iran is one of the most energy-consuming countries, especially in the construction sector, and more than 40% of its energy consumption is in the construction sector. Therefore, considering the very high potential of Iran in the field of solar energy, the need to pay attention to providing part of the energy required by buildings by solar energy seems necessary. The study of the effect of climate on the performance of a BIPV has not been done in Iran so far. Also, the use of ranking methods using the weighting of parameters affecting the performance of BIPV has not been done so far. The purpose of this study is to investigate the power supply of BIPV connected to the grid in the eight climates of Iran. Technical–economic–environmental energy analyses were performed by HOMER 2.81 software. In order to study different types of BIPV, four angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° were considered for the installation of solar cells. The effective output parameters of HOMER software were weighted by the Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method based on the opinion of experts, and it was observed that payback time (year) has the highest weight among the studied criteria. Then, different cities were ranked using the evaluation based on distance from the average solution (EDAS) method. The results showed that Jask is the most suitable and Ramsar is the most unsuitable city. Also, the results of the EDAS method were confirmed by Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods.

Do globalization and nuclear energy intensify the environmental costs in top nuclear energy-consuming countries?

Nuclear energy is considered an effective alternative to ensure global energy safety, and it has recently started to be promoted as a climate change mitigation solution to achieve low-carbon energy transition targets. Considering this view, this study aims to assess the environmental cost reduction by using nuclear energy efficiency and technological innovation from the prospects of the globalization process. Therefore, the relationship among carbon emissions, nuclear energy, globalization, and technological innovation was assessed in the top ten nuclear energy-consuming countries from 1990 to 2017 while controlling for economic growth and renewable energy. This study applied Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG), Augmented Mean Group (AMG), and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality techniques for model estimation that solves the problem of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. The empirical results indicated that nuclear energy and technological innovation diminish environmental costs by reducing carbon emissions. However, globalization increases environmental costs by releasing more carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Moreover, bidirectional causality exists among nuclear energy, renewable energy, and carbon emissions. Consequently, the highest nuclear energy-consuming countries must utilize nuclear energy efficiency to control environmental costs and a cost-effective path to a low-carbon economy. Finally, this perspective intended to appeal to policymakers to do a better job of substantiating their decisions.

Electricity generation portfolio planning and policy implications of Turkish power system considering cost, emission, and uncertainty

Türkiye is the fastest-growing energy market among the OECD members, and it is among the world's top 20 energy-consuming countries. The existing electricity generation capacity of Türkiye has doubled in the last decade. Planning the electricity generation portfolio is an important problem for the decision and policymakers, especially in terms of sustainable development, and it is crucial for Türkiye's economic growth. In this paper, we study the long-term electricity generation portfolio optimization while considering the uncertainties. An optimization algorithm is modeled and solved while integrating uncertainty information as part of the Pareto concept. The results of three scenarios are presented and policy implications are discussed and compared with similar Turkish case studies and government projections. The results suggest that it is less risky to minimize emissions, thus, more likely to be sustainable than to minimize costs. Comparisons among solutions show that nuclear is a substitute for renewable resources and comparisons among other studies show that natural gas and hydro are substitutes for each other. Multi-objective formulation reveals that the government's scenario provides favorable results in business-as-usual conditions; however, nuclear and renewable investments that the government has planned are too ambitious to keep costs lower while decreasing emissions.