Energy Consumption In Bangladesh Research Articles

Nexus between FDI, Financial Development, Capital Formation and Renewable Energy Consumption; evidence from Bangladesh

This paper examines the interplay among foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development, capital formation, and renewable energy consumption in the context of Bangladesh. The study uses empirical evidence to shed light on the nexus between these variables. Panel data analysis techniques investigate the relationship over a specific period. This research provides insights into Bangladesh's dynamic interactions among FDI, financial development, capital formation, and renewable energy consumption. The study reveals significant positive associations between FDI and renewable energy consumption, indicating that FDI inflows contribute to the growth and utilization of renewable energy sources. Moreover, the analysis uncovers a positive relationship between financial development and renewable energy consumption, suggesting that a well-developed financial sector facilitates the financing and implementation of renewable energy projects. Additionally, the study highlights the role of capital formation in promoting renewable energy consumption. The positive relationship between capital formation and renewable energy consumption indicates that investment in physical infrastructure and productive assets supports the expansion and utilization of renewable energy sources. This analysis provides empirical evidence of the interdependencies among FDI, financial development, capital formation, and renewable energy consumption in Bangladesh. Overall, the findings suggest that fostering FDI, improving financial sector development, and promoting capital formation are crucial for enhancing renewable energy consumption in Bangladesh. The study's conclusions have implications for policymakers and stakeholders in designing and implementing strategies to promote sustainable and renewable energy sources in the country.

Nexus Between CO_2 Emission, Economic Development and Energy Consumption in Bangladesh

Nexus Between CO_2 Emission, Economic Development and Energy Consumption in Bangladesh

RETRACTED: Investigating the subsistence of Environmental Kuznets Curve in the midst of economic development, population, and energy consumption in Bangladesh: imminent of ARDL model

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) considering the midst of energy consumption, population and economic development. The main objective is to investigate the impact of energy consumption, population and economic development on CO2 emissions. This study has taken data from 1971 to 2020 to see the existence of an EKC in the country of Bangladesh. Besides population growth, energy consumption and economic development are also taken into consideration. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used to scrutinize cointegration based on selected variables and their respective I (0) and I (1) values. This study has confirmed the long-term existence of the EKC in the environment. The environmental Kuznets curve was also tested using economic performance coefficients on emissions. In the long run, EKC explains why per capita carbon output decreases with population expansion but turns down after a certain threshold level is achieved because of this inverted U-shaped pattern. For decades, increased energy consumption has been linked to worsening environmental conditions, according to this study. According to the findings, there are a wide variety of approaches to advancing Bangladesh's economy and improving its environmental quality. In the long run, the population has no positive impact on CO2 secretion. The use of fossil fuels such as gas and oil can have a detrimental environmental impact. As a result, if we want to conserve the environment, we need to use renewable energy sources like solar and biodiesel instead of traditional, nonrenewable fuels.

Waste to Energy Technologies for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Review

Bangladesh has an impressive track record of development and has been among the fastest growing economies in the world over the past decade, supported by a demographic dividend, strong ready-made garment (RMG) exports, remittance, and stable macroeconomic conditions. With the growth of populace and the living standards, the goods and energy consumption in Bangladesh are seen to be increased which rises the waste generation. Thus, municipal waste management (MSW) and energy supply are becoming the great challenges for Bangladesh. Waste to energy (WTE) conversion technologies would be a very timely solution to an ever-growing problem. These technologies are environment-friendly and cost effective; however, these are not popular within the developing country Bangladesh. This paper discusses current waste status, significant progresses and future prospect of solid waste management process as well as evaluates the best possible WTE technology suitable for Bangladesh. It is found that Bangladesh produces approximately 13,332 tons of MSW per day in which almost 26% and 12% of total wastes are generated by its capital city, Dhaka and Chattogram, respectively. The incineration process for electricity production is seen to be the most effective WTE technology for Chattogram city. For instance, for one ton of MSW, the incineration process can provide 0.585 MWh electricity and 1.742 MWh heat with an emission factor of 0.28 ton of CO2. With an average plant capacity cost of 2.1 USD which is lower than other WTE technologies. Therefore, the incineration can be utilized as the most effective WTE technology for major cities in Bangladesh.

Grid-connected microgrid: design and feasibility analysis for a local community in Bangladesh

Abstract Global demand for electricity is growing significantly in developing nations. Renewable energy accounts for barely 3% of total energy consumption in Bangladesh. Sources of renewable energy, e.g. solar, are increasingly being acknowledged as viable supply-side choices for microgrids. This article presents a grid-connected microgrid design based on meteorological data for a local community situated in Mohammadpur, Dhaka. This study presents a feasible design of a system that gives the lowest cost of energy production and emissions that is evaluated using software named Hybrid Optimization Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER Pro). Comparison and assessment of the net present cost, cost of energy, operating cost and environmental emission for five different feasible microgrids are analysed concerning real-time data. Also, a suitable case is sorted out and proposed for the local community for electrification. The proposed case offers a $0.0442/kWh cost of energy, which is ~32% cheaper than the current rate with a 57.5% renewable fraction and a payback period of 16.86 years. People of this local community will have access to considerably more clean energy at a lower price by this study; also this design could sell the excess energy to the grid to avoid frequent electricity outages.

Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in Bangladesh: The relative influencing profiles of economic factors, urbanization, physical infrastructure and institutional quality

Many researchers investigate the socio-demographic and economic factors-induced energy consumption, particularly fossil fuel-based non-renewable energy consumption, but there exists a scarcity to study on the same factors-driven renewable energy consumption along with institutional quality factor. Given this, our research strives to analyse the relative influence of income growth, foreign direct investment, domestic investment, urbanization, physical infrastructure, and institutional quality on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in Bangladesh for the period of 1990–2019 using the dynamic ARDL (DARDL) simulations method. The empirical findings divulge that income growth shows positive and negative effect on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, respectively. Domestic investment has positive effect for renewable and non-renewable energy consumption. Foreign direct investment is found to have positive influencing factor for renewable energy consumption. Urbanization negatively impacts renewable energy consumption but urbanization affects non-renewable energy consumption positively. Physical infrastructure is a negative and positive determinant of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, respectively. Institutional quality positively affects renewable energy consumption. The robustness of the results is comparatively exhibited using the DARDL simulations area plots where 20% positive and negative shocks to the predictors on the predicted variables are presented.

Commercial Energy Demand Forecasting in Bangladesh

Although both aggregate and per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh is increasing rapidly, its per capita consumption is still one of the lowest in the world. Bangladesh gradually shifted from petroleum-based energy to domestically sourced natural-gas-based energy sources, which are predicted to run out within next two decades. The present study first identified the determinants of aggregate commercial energy and its three major components of oil, natural gas, and coal demand for Bangladesh using a simultaneous equations framework on an annual database covering a period of 47 years (1972–2018). Next, the study forecast future demand for aggregate commercial energy and its three major components for the period of 2019–2038 under the business-as-usual and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic scenarios with some assumptions. As part of a sensitivity analysis, based on past trends, we also hypothesized four alternative GDP and population growth scenarios and forecast corresponding changes in total energy demand forecast. The results revealed that while GDP and lagged energy demand are the major drivers of energy demand in the country, we did not see strong effects of own- and cross-price elasticities of energy sources, which we attributed to three reasons: subsidized low energy prices, time and cost required to switch between different energy-mix technologies, and suppressed energy demand. The aggregate energy demand is expected to increase by 400% by the end of the forecasting period in 2038 from its existing level in 2018 under the business-as-usual scenario, whereas the effect of COVID-19 could suppress it down to 300%. Under the business-as-usual scenario, the highest increase will occur for coal (3.94-fold), followed by gas (2.64-fold) and oil (2.37-fold). The COVID-19 pandemic will suppress the future demand of all energy sources at variable rates. The ex ante forecasting errors were small, varying within the range of 3.6–3.7% of forecast values. Sensitivity analysis of changes in GDP and population growth rates showed that forecast total energy demand will increase gradually from 3.58% in 2019 to 8.79% by 2038 from original forecast values. Policy recommendations include capacity building of commercial energy sources while ensuring the safety and sustainability of newly proposed coal and nuclear power installations, removing inefficiency of production and distribution of energy and its services, shifting towards renewable and green energy sources (e.g., solar power), and redesigning subsidy policies with market-based approaches.

Systematic Analysis of Wind Resources for Eolic Potential in Bangladesh

Energy consumption in Bangladesh increased for economic, industrial, and digitalization growth. Reductions in conventional sources such as natural gas (54%) and coal (5.6%) are calls to enhance renewable resources. This paper aims to investigate the atmospheric variables for potential wind zones and develop a statistical power-forecasting model. The study-site is Bangladesh, focusing on eight divisions across two regions. First, the southern zone includes Dhaka (Capital), Chittagong, Barishal, and Khulna. The northern regions are Rajshahi, Rangpur, Mymensingh, and Sylhet. This investigation illustrates wind (m/s) speeds at various heights (m) and analyzes the boundary layer height (BLH) from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast reanalysis 5th generation (ERA5). The data is from a period of 40 years from 1979 to 2018, assessing with a climatic base of 20 years (1979 to 2000). The climatological analysis comprises trends, time series, anomalies, and linear correlations. The results for the wind speed (BLH) indicate that the weakest (lower) and strongest (higher) regions are Sylhet and Barishal, respectively. Based on power-curve relationships, a simple power predictive model (SPPM) is developed using global wind atlas (GWA) data (sample: 1100) to estimate the power density (W/m2) and found an accuracy of 0.918 and 0.892 for Exponential (EXP) and Polynomial (PN) with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of 22.92 and 21.8%, respectively. For validation, SPPM also forecasts power incorporating historical observations for Chittagong and obtains correlations of 0.970 and 0.974 for EXP and PN with a MAPE of 10.26 and 7.69% individually. Furthermore, calculations for annual energy production reveal an average megawattage of 1748 and 1070 in the southern and northern regions, with an MAPE of 15.71 and 5.85% for EXP and PN models, except Sylhet. The SPPM’s predictability can be improved with observed wind speeds and turbine types. The research wishes to apply SPPM for estimating energy in operational power plants.

Investigating the Asymmetric Effect of Economic Growth on Environmental Quality in the Next 11 Countries

This study investigates the asymmetric cointegration and causal relationships between economic growth, carbon emissions, and energy consumption in the next eleven (11) countries over the period 1972–2013. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) bounds testing approach and nonpragmatic Granger causality tests are employed. This research’s empirical results have entrenched vital relationships that have significant policy implications. We affirm nonlinear cointegration among the variables in Bangladesh, Iran, Turkey, and Vietnam. The long-run asymmetric effect outcomes indicate a definite boom in economic growth, significantly increases carbon emission in Turkey, and a decline in Vietnam. Additionally, a positive shock to energy consumption significantly increases the carbon emission in Bangladesh, Iran, and Turkey, but a decrease in emissions in Vietnam. Findings from the Wald test reveal a long-run asymmetric effect between carbon emission and economic growth in Bangladesh, Iran, and Vietnam, and for Iran, an asymmetric short-run impact. Long-run and short-run asymmetric effects between carbon emission and energy consumption in Bangladesh and Iran. In terms of asymmetric causality results, bidirectional causality between carbon emission and economic growth was noted in Bangladesh and Turkey, and a unidirectional causality from economic growth to carbon emission in Egypt and South Korea. Energy consumption causes carbon emission in Bangladesh, Egypt, Pakistan, South Korea, and not vice versa. We determined a bidirectional asymmetric causality relationship between carbon emission and energy consumption in Vietnam and a unidirectional causality link from carbon emissions to Turkey’s energy consumption.

Empirical exploration of remittances and renewable energy consumption in Bangladesh

In recent years, a surge of remittances to Bangladesh has enabled rural households to adopt modern renewable energy sources. However, researchers have yet to examine any statistical association between remittances and renewable energy. In this study, we determined the causal relationships between per capita remittance inflows and renewable energy consumption in Bangladesh using annual data for the period 1980–2017. This is the first such study. This determination was made while controlling for changes in GDP, and employing causality and cointegration testing. We arrived at three key results. First, a unidirectional causality running from the level of remittances per capita to a level of renewable energy consumption was determined. Second, we observed a unique cointegrating relationship between the variables. Third, a short-run bidirectional causality between remittances per capita and renewable energy consumption was clarified. Important policy implications indicate that the government should create incentives for remittance-recipient households to invest remittance funds in modern renewable technologies such as solar home energy systems.

Analysis of the Energy Scenario of Bangladesh in Current, SDG 2030 and Vision 2041

The main concern of a country is energy in the present world. Developing country like Bangladesh is also facing challenges to meet its energy demand. For energy, Bangladesh mainly depends on Natural gas, Petroleum Oil, LPG, LNG, Coal, NGL etc. It seems that average increase of energy consumption in Bangladesh about 6% per annum. Therefore, this study analyzes current energy scenario and visualization of future energy of Bangladesh in accordance with SDG 2030 and Vision 2041. The research focuses on the following points: i) What is the current consumption of total energy in MTOE and the Per capita consumption of energy in Kgoe (Kilogram Oil Equivalent) and per capita generation of electricity in Bangladesh (kWh). ii) What is the approximate consumption of total energy in MTOE, and what will be Per capita consumption of energy in Kgoe (Kilogram Oil Equivalent) and per capita generation of electricity in Bangladesh (kWh) by 2030. iii) What is the approximate consumption of total energy in MTOE, and what will be Per capita consumption of energy in Kgoe (Kilogram Oil Equivalent) and per capita generation of electricity in Bangladesh (kWh) by 2041.

Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in Bangladesh

Abstract The empirical investigation that examines the dynamics including the interaction between consumption of energy and economic progress has long been assessed. However, the interaction of these two in developing countries in general and Bangladesh, in particular, is a less explored subject. Hence, with this notion, this study examined the causal relationship among economic growth and energy consumption in Bangladesh. For this purpose, the study used energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), labor force, and capital data from 1981 to 2017 from different sources and data is analyzed by augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen co-integration test and Granger test of causality. Results determine that energy consumption and economic growth have long term bi-directional relationship. The econometric model is estimated using generalized least squares (GLS) model. It is concluded that, consumption of energy and economic growth positively correlated and economic development highly depend on energy consumption in Bangladesh.

Remittances and disaggregated energy consumption in Bangladesh

We examine the long- and short-run causal relations between remittances and the consumption of natural gas, electricity, petroleum, and coal for Bangladesh over the period 1980–2016. We find that there are bidirectional long-run cointegrating relationships between remittances and electricity consumption and between remittances and natural gas consumption. At the same time, a unidirectional long-run causality runs from coal consumption to remittances. There is no long-run causality between remittances and petroleum consumption, but we find short-run Granger causality running from the consumption of petroleum to remittances. An important policy implication of these findings is that the government of Bangladesh should further facilitate remittance inflows as these flows are intricately linked to energy consumption demand.

Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission in Bangladesh: Trends and Policy Implications

Energy consumption is increasing due to the expansion of economic activity and population size which results higher GHG emission worldwide. The study has examined the trends of energy consumption and CO2 emission in Bangladesh using the secondary data extracted from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank database. The results found that there is an increasing trend of total energy consumption and per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh from 1991 to 2012 where the total energy consumption has been increased nearly three times from 12.55 mtoe (million tonne oil equivalent) in 1991 to 33.17 mtoe in 2012. The total CO2 emission was estimated by 57.07 mtoe in 2011 which was increased by 140.67% compared to the 1991 emission of 15.94 mtoe. Thus, the CO2 emission and per capita emission has also provided increasing trend over the period of 1991 to 2011.It has revealed that the growth of CO2 emission found to be higher than the growth of GDP and energy consumption in Bangladesh. The yearly average growth of CO2 emission has estimated by 6.7% which is higher that the annual average growth of GDP and energy consumption as of 5.25% and 4.77% respectively. This situation calls for serious attention of the country for reducing CO2 emission. Therefore, government needs to develop a national mitigation plan/policy and promote the use and development of green technology, renewable energy and green growth for sustainable energy and environment in Bangladesh.

A Review on Primary and Sustainable Energy Scenario in Bangladesh

A comprehensive overview of present primary energy production and its scenario in Bangladesh has been presented in this paper. The total primary energy consumption in Bangladesh is measured about 32.4 Mtoe in 2016 with a growth rate 3.2% which is significantly high from previous years. This high energy consumption is still met by the nonrenewable sources like natural gas, coal and crude oil. As a result, this high dependency and depletion of those fossil fuels reserve as well as the growing demand of energy supply frequently arise the issue of energy sustainability. That’s why, this study is also focused on the discussion on prospect of primary energy in future as well as on exploration of the alternative energies like biomass, solar, nuclear and hydro energy to meet the growing demand of energy supply. Besides a short details on various ongoing and upcoming projects are mentioned which are undertaken by the Bangladesh government to promote renewable energy use as well as to create energy policy and regulations to attain the security and reliability of energy supply in this country.

Linking Per Capita GDP to Energy Consumption, Ecological Footprint, and Carbon Dioxide Emission in a Developing Economy in the World: The Case of Bangladesh

In developing economies, environmental pressure increases faster than the income does at early stages of economic development and slows down relative to income growth at higher income levels. Bangladesh is a rapidly growing South Asian country with large and increasing population and deteriorating environment. However, the link between its historical per capita GDP and major environmental attributes has not been sufficiently investigated in any literature. This study evaluates the type of relationship between per capita GDP with each of ecological footprint, CO2 emission and energy consumption in Bangladesh- an emerging developing economy in the world. The study used traditional linear, quadratic, and log-models with standard specifications to investigate the aforementioned relationships. The models confirmed that a direct and monotonically increasing relationship exists between per capita GDP and each of the major environmental attributes under study. Thus, the country country’s environment is likely to face increasing pollution threats from potential economic growth in coming days. Stringent environmental policy is likely to help bring a balance between economic development and environmental stability. The study suggests for creation of massive environmental awareness, optimal tapping of natural resources, and adoption of green technologies to ensure sustainable economic growth while maintaining a healthy environment.

An Analysis of Activity, Intensity and Structural Effect on Change in Energy Consumption in Bangladesh using Complete Decomposition Model (CDM)

For the purpose of identifying the vulnerable aspects of our energy problem and to seek an appropriate solution, the total energy supply, energy demand and energy consumption need to be analyzed in respect of their components. We have used the decomposition model for analyzing the correlation between energy consumption and economic development up to 2007 taking 1990 as the base year. The relative impacts of activity, intensity and structure effect are analyzed for different economic sectors in Bangladesh. Moreover, the country's economy is disaggregated in to two groups' namely low energy intensive group and high-energy intensive group. The trends of energy uses in the above groups are also evaluated to provide a basis for assessment of sustainability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10726 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 61-68, 2012

Influence of extensive compressed natural gas (CNG) usage on air quality

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an inexpensive, indigenous energy resource which currently accounts for the majority of automobile and domestic energy consumption in Bangladesh. This extensive CNG usage, particularly within the capital city, Dhaka, heavily influences the atmospheric composition (and hence air quality), yet to date measurements of trace gases in regions dominated by CNG emissions are relatively limited. Here we report continuous observations of the atmospherically important trace gases O3, CO, SO2, NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOC), in ambient air in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, during May 2011. The average mixing ratios of O3, CO, SO2 ,a nd NO x for the measurement period were 18.9, 520.9, 7.6 and 21.5 ppbv, respectively. The ratios of CO to NO reveal that emissions from gasoline and CNG-fuelled vehicles were dominant during the daytime (slope of w26), while in contrast, owing to restrictions imposed on diesel fuelled vehicles entering Dhaka City, emissions from these vehicles only became significant during the night (slope of w10). The total VOC mixing ratio in Dhaka was w5e10 times higher than the levels reported in more developed Asian cities such as Tokyo and Bangkok, which consequently gives rise to a higher ozone formation potential (OFP). However, the most abundant VOC in Dhaka were the relatively long-lived ethane and propane (with mean mixing ratios of w115 and w30 ppbv, respectively), and as a consequence, the ozone formation potential per ppb carbon (ppbC) was lower in Dhaka than in Tokyo and Bangkok. Thus the atmospheric composition of air influenced by extensive CNG combustion may be characterized by high VOC mixing ratios, yet mixing ratios of the photochemical pollutant ozone do not drastically exceed the levels typical of Asian cities with considerably lower VOC levels.

Energy consumption in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan: cointegration analysis

Recognizing the significant role that energy plays on growth, the South Asian countries are beginning to focus on their energy issues and formulate common energy policies. The SAARC Energy Center (SEC) was established in 2005 to address energy challenges in the South Asian region. In this paper the authors investigate the presence of cointegration and causality relationships for energy consumption in the three largest SAARC countries: Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan and argue that establishing mutually beneficial energy policies in the three countries helps the SEC meet its goals and objectives.

State of Energy Consumption and CO2Emission in Bangladesh

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important gases in the atmosphere, and is necessary for sustaining life on Earth. It is also considered to be a major greenhouse gas contributing to global warming and climate change. In this article, energy consumption in Bangladesh is analyzed and estimates are made of CO2 emission from combustion of fossil fuel (coal, gas, petroleum products) for the period 1977 to 1995. International Panel for Climate Change guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories were used in estimating CO2 emission. An analysis of energy data shows that the consumption of fossil fuels in Bangladesh is growing by more than 5% per year. The proportion of natural gas in total energy consumption is increasing, while that of petroleum products and coal is decreasing. The estimated total CO2 release from all primary fossil fuels used in Bangladesh amounted to 5072 Gigagram (Gg) in 1977, and 14 423 Gg in 1995. The total amounts of CO2 released from petroleum products, natural gas, and coal in the period 1977-1995 were 83 026 Gg (50% of CO2 emission), 72 541 Gg (44% of CO2 emission), and 9545 Gg (6% CO2 emission), respectively. A trend in CO2 emission with projections to 2070 is generated. In 2070, total estimated CO2 emission will be 293 260 Gg with a current growth rate of 6.34% y . CO2 emission from fossil fuels is increasing. Petroleum products contribute the majority of CO2 emission load, and although the use of natural gas is increasing rapidly, its contribution to CO2 emission is less than that of petroleum products. The use of coal as well as CO2 emission from coal is expected to gradually decrease.