Knowledge Of Energy Conservation Research Articles

STUDENT PERSPECTIVE TOWARD ENERGY CONSERVATION IN UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA

Climate change and global warming are crucial problems due to carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions cause by fossil fuels consumption. Malaysia has a sustainable power mix but the industry and transportation sectors rely on fossil fuels to generate electricity. Energy conservation are important to improve or change the behavior of people in order to minimize energy usage because humans cannot longer rely on conventional energy sources. Due to the impact of climate change and global warning problems. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the current practices of energy conservation among UUM students and (2) to investigate the relationship between current practices and energy conservation perspectives among UUM students. This study focuses on Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) students' academic session A221, which is semester 1 to semester 7 students. Researchers have used quantitative methods, the questionnaire was distributed using Google form that uploaded on social media and will receiving answers. A survey was conducted with 377 understudies to get information. The analysis was using statistical software package (SPSS) of software for using in data analysis. The results show the mean of attitude with total mean 31.87 is higher than the level of awareness, energy conservation knowledge and subjective norms, which mean that attitude is most influences perspective of students to energy conservation. Besides, the relationship between level of awareness, energy conservation knowledge, attitude and subjective norms are positive correlated. Based on the results and discussion, energy saving intervention strategies are proposed for student accommodation. Government should implement educational programs and campaigns to raise awareness toward energy conservation practice among students.

Introducing the concept of energy conservation for elementary students through the Eduwisata program

Knowledge of energy conservation for elementary students is one of the education efforts to familiarize them with utilizing energy wisely at an early age. Therefore, this community service program is aimed to give knowledge to Elementary students on the use of energy through the Eduwisata program of Taman Rekreasi Sengkaling Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM). In conducting the community service program, the team observed the activities of the Eduwisata program to know the problems faced by the team of the program. The result of observation is used to plan the material and module as the solutions to the problems. The interview is also conducted with the manager of Taman Rekreasi Sengkaling UMM to find out the potential problems. The result of this community service program is the students more interactively participate in the Eduwisata program when the team of the community service program guided them in learning the energy and its utilization. The well-prepared preparation of the guides for materials and modules during the explanation is the factor.

Predicting certain vector optical solitons via the conservation-law deep-learning method

The energy conservation law is introduced into a loss function of the physics-informed neural network (PINN), and an energy-conservation deep-learning (ECDL) method is constructed to study a coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE). Using the ECDL method, we analyze the formation mechanism of vector solitons in birefringent fibers, and predict the dynamic behaviors of vector solitons, including one-soliton, two-soliton interaction, soliton molecule, rogue wave, and nondegenerate soliton. The related physical processes such as the energy conversion and power conservation along the propagation of soliton are studied. The results show that the nonlinear and dispersive effects separately cause the pulse broadening in time and frequency domains. The energy, shape and velocity of pulse in the transmission process remain unchanged when the two effects are balanced. Compared with the PINN method, the ECDL has higher accuracy and good generalization ability for a variety of soliton pulse propagation scenarios in optical fiber. Therefore, the deep learning method based on the prior knowledge of energy conservation is an effective tool to promote the research of nonlinear optics.

Extracellular electron transfer increases fermentation in lactic acid bacteria via a hybrid metabolism.

Energy conservation in microorganisms is classically categorized into respiration and fermentation; however, recent work shows some species can use mixed or alternative bioenergetic strategies. We explored the use of extracellular electron transfer for energy conservation in diverse lactic acid bacteria (LAB), microorganisms that mainly rely on fermentative metabolism and are important in food fermentations. The LAB Lactiplantibacillus plantarum uses extracellular electron transfer to increase its NAD+/NADH ratio, generate more ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation, and accumulate biomass more rapidly. This novel, hybrid metabolism is dependent on a type-II NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh2) and conditionally requires a flavin-binding extracellular lipoprotein (PplA) under laboratory conditions. It confers increased fermentation product yield, metabolic flux, and environmental acidification in laboratory media and during kale juice fermentation. The discovery of a single pathway that simultaneously blends features of fermentation and respiration in a primarily fermentative microorganism expands our knowledge of energy conservation and provides immediate biotechnology applications.

Competition in a Household Energy Conservation Game

This paper presents the results of a game study, comparing Powersaver Game including a competition feature versus the same game excluding a competition feature with respect to energy conservation in the household. In a pretest–posttest design, we tested whether change in attitude, knowledge and behavior with respect to energy conservation in the household was different for participants playing Powersaver Game with or without competition. All energy conservation activities that the application provides (e.g., washing clothes at low temperatures) take place in the real world and feedback is based on real-time energy consumption. This so-called reality-enhanced game approach aims to optimize the transfer between the game world and the real world. Household energy consumption changed significantly and positively in the long term due to competition. A significant difference of 8% in energy consumption between both conditions after the intervention was detected. Besides energy conservation, no further differences were detected between conditions. The chain of events, that an increase in knowledge leads to attitude change, which in turn results in behavior change in the long term is confirmed by means of a path analysis. We conclude that Powersaver Game is effective in the transfer of energy conservation knowledge, which leads to energy saving behavior in the long term while competition additionally contributes to more change in behavior.

Research on the Relationship between Pollutant Discharge Sources and Economic Development——Take the Provinces of the Country as Examples

Under the background that the issue of environmental protection has become the focus of attention of all countries, China has also put forward a series of policies for the construction of green ecology. In order to facilitate the national or central government’s macro analysis and propose macro adjustment strategies, this paper uses a multiple linear regression model to empirically analyze the relationship between industrial pollutant emissions, agricultural pollutant emissions, domestic pollutant emissions and a province’s economic development relationship. The results show that: First, industrial pollution emissions account for a large proportion of the emissions from all sources in each province, and at the same time it has a significant positive impact on the economic development of each province; Second, agricultural pollution emissions are relative to industrial pollutants In terms of emissions and domestic pollution emissions, they account for a relatively small proportion of the emissions from various sources in each province, and their positive impact on the economic development of the provinces is less than that of industrial pollutants and domestic pollution emissions; Third, Domestic pollution emissions account for the largest proportion of emissions from all sources in each province, and at the same time it has the largest positive impact on the economic development of each province. Based on the above results, this article puts forward the following recommendations: Relevant departments should resolutely eliminate outdated production capacity, resolve excess production capacity, completely close small scattered and polluting enterprises, optimize the layout of the agricultural industry, and provide institutional and financial support for agricultural equipment and related technologies. Finally, by popularizing the knowledge of energy conservation and environmental protection to the residents to cultivate their awareness of environmental protection, promote the reuse of resources, and achieve the goal of a balance between a beautiful ecological environment and a high level of economic development.

Study on Green Energy Converter for the Purpose of Optimising Teaching and Learning in Energy Science

Knowledge of energy conservation is vital to be understood by students in grasping the topic of energy science. Hence, a study has been piloted to produce energy converter which can be used practically by the students to understand about the conversion of energy from kinetic energy to electricity. In the convertible of kinetic energy to electrical energy, as these energy undergo conversion, the kinetic energy are stored in two forms of storage apparatus. The first type is synchronous flywheels which operate within the allowable range of the synchronous frequency. The second type is asynchronous flywheels whose rotational speed is independent from the system synchronous frequency and varied over a wide range and this features gives the asynchronous flywheel the ability to store and release significant amount of kinetic energy. The outcomes from this study displayed successful performance which is dynamo that act as generator for the converter as energy is being convert from the kinetic energy into the electrical energy and efficaciously can be used to charge electrical gadget.

Household Energy Conservation Intervention: a Game versus Dashboard Comparison

This paper presents the results of a study, comparing a game versus a dashboard with respect to energy conservation in the household. In a pretest-posttest design, an empirical study tested whether change in attitude, knowledge, engagement and behaviour with respect to energy conservation in the household was different for participants playing Powersaver Game compared to a control condition where participants used an energy dashboard with the same content, but excluding game features. The aim of this game (developed using an iterative user-centered game design methodology) is to influence household energy consumption by means of electricity and gas usage in the long-term. The intervention time was at least 5 weeks and pre and post measures were based on 21 days intervals. All energy conservation activities that the application provides (e.g. washing clothes on low temperatures) take place in the real world and feedback is based on real time energy consumption. This real data into the game approach aims to optimize the transfer between the game world and the real world. Energy consumption significantly changed in the game condition compared to the control condition, and the difference between both conditions is more than 33% after the intervention. In the game condition, knowledge about energy conservation was significantly increased, although no significant differences in increase of attitude and engagement were found. We conclude that Powersaver Game is effective in transfer of energy conservation knowledge, which leads to energy saving behaviour on the long term. However, it cannot be concluded that playing the game leads to a greater change in attitude, probably because attitude scores of the participants were high from the start.

The effect of passive measures on thermal comfort and energy conservation. A case study of the hot summer and cold winter climate in the Yangtze River region

The energy consumption for heating and cooling of buildings in the cities located within the boundaries of the Hot Summer and Cold Winter (HSCW) zone in China is rapidly increasing due to the increased comfort expectations from well-resourced occupants. Guidance on how and to what extent it is possible to improve energy efficiency of buildings is thus required by policy makers as well as designers and building managers. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the use of climate-sensitive passive design solutions can help the improvement of indoor thermal conditions while reducing the energy needs and ultimately carbon emissions. An extensive parametric analysis of several passive strategies such as building orientation, thermal insulation, glazing area, shading devices, air tightness and natural ventilation, is carried out for a typical apartment block located in the cities of Chongqing, Changsha and Shanghai, which lay respectively in the upper, middle and downstream of the Yangtze River. Detailed hourly dynamic simulations show how it is possible to extend the non-heating/cooling period and reduce the peak loads, highlighting the potentialities of each strategy according to different climate constraints. The recommended strategies provides quantitative guidance to either design of new or retrofitting of existing buildings. This research contributes to the building energy conservation knowledge for policy-makers, developers and building designers with insight on the feasibilities of the application of passive measures for residential buildings located in the Yangtze River region with hot summer and cold winter climates.

Digital games for learning energy conservation: A study of impacts on motivation, attention, and learning outcomes

Knowledge associated with energy conservation is important but it may appear difficult and monotonous to students due to the presence of jargon and complex scientific concepts. This research created two digital question-and-answer games and compared them with a traditional paper-and-pencil learning method to explore how different learning approaches would affect college students’ learning for knowledge of energy conservation. This research conducted a between-subject experiment with random assignment to examine short-term effects of the three different learning methods on motivation, attention, and learning outcomes. The results revealed that participants who played the digital game equipped with more cartoon-style, animated, and interactive features scored significantly higher than the lower-complexity digital game group as well as the traditional paper-and-pencil group on the learning outcome tests. Moreover, in contrast to many previous studies, use of these digital games was not found to affect learning motivation and attention.

Taiwanese Students’ Knowledge of Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction in Hospitality and Tourism: Developing and Testing an Assessment Instrument

This study develops an instrument for assessing the energy conservation and carbon reduction (ECCR) knowledge of undergraduate hospitality and tourism students in Taiwan. Based on an extensive literature review, we identified a knowledge framework incorporating 10 dimensions of ECCR knowledge related to hospitality and tourism. Using academic judgment and Bloom’s 2-way specification table process, we developed a multiple-choice item pool to finalize the assessment items. Through a questionnaire survey administered to 1,200 undergraduate hospitality and tourism students, 37 ECCR knowledge items were determined with appropriate levels of item reliability, difficulty, and discrimination. This validated instrument can help hospitality and tourism educators identify where and how to improve the ECCR knowledge of students for environmental sustainability. Specific implications and recommendations of this study are also provided.

Is Energy Conservation Education Effective? An Evaluation of the PowerSave Schools Program

To strengthen energy conservation knowledge and behaviors in youth, the PowerSave Schools Program (PSP) instructs students using hands-on projects. However, there is a lack of empirical support for the PSP. The present study is the first to use a repeated measures design to assess its effectiveness in two school districts. In District 1, there was significant improvement in energy conservation knowledge and specific behaviors; however, there was no significant improvement in District 2. Reasons for this variability are discussed, emphasizing weaknesses in the current implementation of the PSP curriculum. The article concludes by discussing suggestions for improving efficacy of the PSP.

Exploring the Energy and Carbon Literacy Structure for Hospitality and Tourism Practitioners: Evidence from Hotel Employees in Taiwan

This study identifies and examines the components and the structure of energy and carbon literacy for hospitality and tourism practitioners. A questionnaire survey was administered to collect data from a sample of hotel employees in Taiwan, and 369 valid questionnaires were obtained for data analysis. The research findings demonstrate that hotel employees overall display appropriate energy and carbon literacy. Among the three dimensions of the literacy structure, perceived knowledge of energy conservation and carbon reduction (ECCR) positively influences associated attitudes and behavior. Additionally, ECCR attitudes significantly mediate the relationship between ECCR knowledge and behavior. This suggests that managers should initially provide an eco-friendly workplace and motivated strategies to raise employees' environmental awareness and sensitivity in order to enhance their ECCR intentions and associated behavior. Finally, this study highlights how managers can contribute to the environment through improving the energy and carbon literacy of employees.

Informal Education of Energy Conservation

Since there is about seventy percent of population in Taiwan acquiring knowledge of energy conservation through informal education, the non-school based energy education is growing more important. In this paper a brief survey of informal education of energy conservation in Taiwan is conducted. First of all, a variety of instructional scenarios available for informal education are reviewed, including museums, communities, and many others. Secondly, the strategies to promote informal education, such as TV ads, print media advertising, network communication, speaking tour, leaflet distribution, workshop, demonstrations, eco-tour, community colleges, and prize events, are discussed based on cost-benefit analysis. Furthermore, the influence of each strategy on the population’s knowledge of energy conservation is estimated statistically. The effectiveness of different types of informal education is compared based on their economic cost, learning outcome, and acceptance rate. As a conclusion, a suggestion to improve the energy education policy is proposed. This study has been devoted to finding the curriculum theories and strategies applicable in designing curriculum for informal education, and to providing a theoretical basis on which environmental protection education curriculum can be developed.

Energy conservation attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors in science laboratories

Energy use per square foot from science research labs is disproportionately higher than that of other rooms in buildings on campuses across the nation. This is partly due to labs’ use of energy intensive equipment. However, laboratory management and personnel behavior may be significant contributing factors to energy consumption. Despite an apparent increasing need for energy conservation in science labs, a systematic investigation of avenues promoting energy conservation behavior in such labs appears absent in scholarly literature. This paper reports the findings of a recent study into the energy conservation knowledge, attitude and behavior of principle investigators, laboratory managers, and student lab workers at a tier 1 research university. The study investigates potential barriers as well as promising avenues to reducing energy consumption in science laboratories. The findings revealed: (1) an apparent lack of information about options for energy conservation in science labs, (2) existing operational barriers, (3) economic issues as barriers/motivators of energy conservation and (4) a widespread notion that cutting edge science may be compromised by energy conservation initiatives.

Why Mary Cannot Afford Her Utility Bills: An Evaluation of a Strategy to Promote Energy Conservation for Low-Income Older Women Using Low-Cost and No-Cost Measures

This paper presents the results of a project that examined the success of no- and low-cost energy conservation measures for low-income women 62 years of age or over residing in a public hous ing development. The research tested the efficacy of a purposefully created conservation program by comparing treatment and control group changes in knowledge and attitudes toward utility conservation as well as KWHr use (adjusted for degree-days). The 17-point educational program was based on 33 utility company and government pamphlets and handouts as well as a preassessment of respondent appliance possession and use, life-style characteristics, and key energy behaviors. Data indicate that, although positive changes in energy attitudes and energy conservation knowledge were recorded for the women receiving the educational presentation, decreases in adjusted KWHr use (and therefore monetary savings) were frustrated by two factors: (a) elderly low-income women were already using small amounts of energy, thereby making further reductions more difficult, and (b) the women were "structure locked. " Although the minimum HUD building standards were followed, as determined by exten sive energy audits of the apartments, these standards were not stringent enough regarding insulationR-Values and passive solar heating and cooling use. The women in this research were helpless to reduce their energy costs significantly.