Energy Chemical Industry Research Articles

The effect of different vulcanization reagents on the synthesis of NiFeS and the performance test of seawater electrolysis

Hydrogen energy, as the most promising new energy for sustainable development, has aroused wide concern of researcher in the field of energy chemical industry. Among the many hydrogen generation approaches, electric water splitting for producing H2 is considered to be a simple and environmentally friendly method. Transition metal-based catalysts have become an important field in alkaline seawater electrolysis due to their high abundance and superior catalytic performance. Therefore, NiFeS (Ni3S2@FeS) was in-situ generated on nickel foam through a simple two-step hydrothermal approach in this paper. NiFeS/NF catalysts synthesized by three vulcanization reagents (Na2S·9H2O, CH3CSNH2, CH4N2S) were characterized and compared by a series of electrochemical tests. It is worth noting that for the first time, different vulcanization reagents were used to explore the activity of the same catalyst in seawater splitting and urea splitting. It was found that the NiFeS catalyst synthesized by Na2S·9H2O (Ni3S2@FeS-1/NF) had better oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance and good stability in alkaline seawater. The overpotential required for the OER with Ni3S2@FeS-1/NF electrode in alkaline seawater (1 M KOH + seawater electrolyte) is 290 mV at the 10 mA cm-2, and 92 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction at the 10 mA cm-2. It is found that the NiFeS catalyst obtained by vulcanization of NiFe-LDH not only has high activity and conductivity, but also can effectively inhibit Cl- corrosion. Ni3S2@FeS-1/NF catalyst has a unique cluster rosette nanosheet array structure, which can present more catalytic reaction centres, accelerate the electron transfer rate and promote electrochemistry performance. The work proposes a novel way to explore the effect of different synthesis methods of the same composition on the performance of electrolytic seawater.

General Design of Aligned-Channel Porous Carbon Electrodes for Efficient High-Current-Density Gas-Evolving Electrocatalysis.

Gas-evolving reactions (GERs) are important in many electrochemical energy conversion technologies and chemical industries. The operation of GERs at high current densities is critical for their industrial implementation but remains challenging as it poses stringent requirements on the electrodes in terms of reaction kinetics, mass transfer, and electron transport. Here the general and rational design of self-standing carbon electrodes with vertically aligned porous channels, appropriate pore size distribution, and high surface area as supports for loading a variety of catalytic species by facile electrodeposition are reported. These electrodes simultaneously possess high intrinsic activity, large numbers of active sites, and efficient transport highways for ions, gases, and electrons, resulting in significant performance improvements at high current densities in diverse GERs such as urea oxidation, hydrogen evolution, and oxygen evolution reactions, as well as overall urea/water electrolyzers. As an example, the carbon electrode decorated with Ni(OH)2 demonstrates a record-high current density of 1000mAcm-2 at 1.360V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, largely outperforming the conventional nickel foam-based counterpart and the state-of-the-art electrodes.

Catalysis in the digital age: Unlocking the power of data with machine learning

AbstractThe design and discovery of new and improved catalysts are driving forces for accelerating scientific and technological innovations in the fields of energy conversion, environmental remediation, and chemical industry. Recently, the use of machine learning (ML) in combination with experimental and/or theoretical data has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying optimal catalysts for various applications. This review focuses on how ML algorithms can be used in computational catalysis and materials science to gain a deeper understanding of the relationships between materials properties and their stability, activity, and selectivity. The development of scientific data repositories, data mining techniques, and ML tools that can navigate structural optimization problems are highlighted, leading to the discovery of highly efficient catalysts for a sustainable future. Several data‐driven ML models commonly used in catalysis research and their diverse applications in reaction prediction are discussed. The key challenges and limitations of using ML in catalysis research are presented, which arise from the catalyst's intrinsic complex nature. Finally, we conclude by summarizing the potential future directions in the area of ML‐guided catalyst development.This article is categorized under: Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory

An equivalent axisymmetric modeling approach for circumferential springs under large deformation based on mechanical anisotropy

In high-temperature and high-pressure environments, spring-energized seals (SES) play a crucial role in the petroleum and energy chemical industries. The circumferential springs within SES are responsible for generating sealing forces to maintain their performance. However, the intricate nonlinear behavior of these springs poses significant challenges in modeling and simulation. While several simplified models have been proposed to enhance computational efficiency, they often fall short under conditions of substantial deformation. Consequently, this paper introduces an anisotropic equivalent modeling approach, which takes into account the mechanical anisotropy of the springs. By applying the principles of using the same structural dimensions and equivalent mechanical properties, the parameters of the springs are transformed into equivalent parameters on anisotropic materials. The efficacy of this new model is validated through finite element simulations and lateral compression experiments, where its advantages over existing models in terms of predictive accuracy and computational efficiency are discussed. The results indicate that this novel model significantly improves predictive accuracy under conditions of substantial deformation, accompanied by enhancements in computational efficiency. This approach offers a promising tool for designing and predicting the performance of circumferential springs and SES.

Will commodity futures reduce systemic risk in the spot market? Evidence from Chinese commodity market

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether the establishment of commodity futures can effectively hedge systemic risk in the spot network, given the context of financialization in the commodity futures market.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing industry association data from the Chinese commodity market, the authors identify systemically important commodities based on their importance in the production process using multiple graph analysis methods. Then the authors analyze the effect of listing futures on the systemic risk in the spot market with the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) method.FindingsThe findings suggest that futures contracts help reduce systemic risks in the underlying spot network. Systemic risk for a commodity will decrease by approximately 5.7% with the introduction of each corresponding futures contract, since the hedging function of futures reduces the timing behavior of firms in the spot market. Establishing futures contracts for upstream commodities lowers systemic risks for downstream commodities. Energy commodities, such as crude oil and coal, have higher systemic importance, with the energy sector dominating systemic importance, while some chemical commodities also have considerable systemic importance. Meanwhile, the shortest transmission path for risk propagation is composed of the energy industry, chemical industry, agriculture/metal industry and final products.Originality/valueThe paper provides the following policy insights: (1) The role of futures contracts is still positive, and future contracts should be established upstream and at more systemically important nodes in the spot production chain. (2) More attention should be paid to the chemical industry chain, as some chemical commodities are systemically important but do not have corresponding futures contracts. (3) The risk source of the commodity spot market network is the energy industry, and therefore, energy-related commodities should continue to be closely monitored.

기후위기 대응과 공법의 역할

The state and local governments are implementing emissions trading systems and carbon neutral policies to reduce greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, the Earth is facing a climate crisis due to the increase in greenhouse gases generated from energy generation, steel and chemical industries, energy in the home and transportation, industrial processes such as cement, agriculture, and waste. The number of cases of youth and future generations filing climate lawsuits in the Constitutional Court and courts regarding the climate crisis is increasing, and the issue of guaranteeing basic climate rights under the Constitution is becoming a social issue.
 Therefore, a public legal response is urgently needed so that the state and local governments can protect the lives, bodies, and property of citizens in order to respond to the climate crisis and achieve sustainable development, and guarantee the right of current and future generations to live in a pleasant environment.
 In this paper, after examining the concept of climate crisis and Korea's climate crisis response legislation, we review legislative precedents and precedents in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and France to find implications for Korea. In addition, the provisions on climate crisis response are stipulated in the Constitution, guaranteeing basic climate rights to protect against damage caused by climate change, the role of the Climate Crisis Response Act, climate crisis response and cooperation through cooperative climate governance, and the freedom of the current generation to respond to the climate crisis. We review the role of public law by discussing emergency declarations and public law issues in response to the crisis of climate change, guaranteeing future generations' temporal climate crisis protection rights, and protecting future generations.
 For climate protection and response to the climate crisis, the Constitution should specify climate change reduction goals, basic climate rights, and cooperative measures to respond to the climate crisis, and legislatively consider the “urgent need” of the climate crisis beyond the concept of climate protection. In addition, in order to ensure equity and fairness due to infringement of basic rights related to the climate crisis, basic climate rights should be guaranteed under the constitution as well as legislative, scientific, and judicial responsibilities. In addition, the Climate Crisis Response Act should be enacted on necessary measures to make the climate crisis effective by public law. The Climate Crisis Response Act shall be guided and complementary in relation to the Building Act, the National Territory Planning Act, the Economic Act, the Disaster Safety Act, etc., and shall prescribe clear legal responsibility and due process for the climate crisis. In addition, climate crisis response requires cooperation by establishing climate governance between the state and local governments, between local governments, and between countries, so climate change reduction technologies and climate crisis response strategies should be shared, and legal countermeasures should be prepared in cooperation with each other. In addition, in order to reasonably allocate the cost burden of the climate crisis, the right to protect the temporal climate crisis should be clearly established legally and systematically to lead a life in a comfortable environment in accordance with the principle of equity and proportionality for current and future generations. The state or local government's climate emergency declaration and emergency plans on climate change crises and risks, administrative measures under executive orders, scientific predictions of climate crises and improve the vulnerability of disasters, and the role and legal responsibility of responding to climate crises should be considered in public law.

APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR BIOGAS POWER GENERATION COMMISSIONING AT PTPN V KAMPAR PALM OIL MILL

Biogas Power Plant (PLT) from palm oil mill effluent had been commissioned by a team from the Center of Technology for the Energy Resources and Chemical Industry, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (PTSEIK-BPPT). The biogas power plant is located in PTPN V Kampar, Riau Province. A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) has been implemented to support the operation of biogas power plant. Proper sensor selection has been done for each measurement applications. A computer and mimic panel is used as an interface for the operation of PLC. The master control system communicates with the slave control systems and Human Machine Interface (HMI) by means of ethernet communication protocol. Commissioning phase is carried out for 2 hours with a load of 450 kW. Instrumentation and control system is able to measure important variables such as fluctuation in methane numbers, pressures, and biogas flow rate to check the suitability of biogas supply in accordance to gas engine specification.

Dynamic contribution and structural changes of carbon emissions in China's energy chemical industry with high-emission subsectors heterogeneity.

China's energy chemical industry accounts for about 12.01% of the national carbon emissions, while the heterogeneous carbon emission characteristics exhibited by the subsectors have not been reliably investigated. Based on the energy consumption data of the energy chemical industry subsectors in 30 Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2019, this study systematically identified the carbon emission contributions of high-emission subsectors, examined the evolutionary changes and correlation characteristics of carbon emissions from different perspectives, and further explored the carbon emission drivers. According to the survey, coal mining and washing (CMW) and petroleum processing, coking, and nuclear fuel processing (PCN) were high-emission sectors of the energy chemical industry, with annual emissions of more than 150 million tons, accounting for about 72.98% of the energy chemical industry. In addition, the number of high-emission areas in China's energy chemical industries has gradually increased, and the spatial disequilibrium of carbon emissions in industrial sectors has gradually deepened. The development of upstream industries had a strong correlation with carbon emissions, and the upstream industry sector still has not achieved carbon decoupling. The decomposition of the driving effects of carbon emissions showed that the economic output effect is the largest contributor to the growth of carbon emissions in the energy chemical industry, while energy restructuring and energy intensity reduction help reduce carbon emissions, but there is heterogeneity in the driving effects of subsectors.

Janus ceramic membranes with asymmetric wettability for high-efficient microbubble aeration

Microbubbles have drawn increasing attention due to their wide applications in many fileds such as energy production, environmental remediation, and chemical and petrochemical industries. How to facilely and efficiently produce microbubbles is still keeps a great challenge. Herein, we report a Janus ceramic membrane with asymmetric wettability for high-efficient microbubble aeration. The pristine hydrophilic ceramic membrane was firstly modified by 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (PFTMS), and then functionalized through single-surface deposition of polydopamine (PDA) to achieve a Janus ceramic membrane with asymmetric surface wettability. Results highlight that the introduction of DA with suitable concentration and modification time is highly efficient for the control of surface wettability. Compared to the pristine and hydrophobic modified ceramic membranes, the use of the Janus ceramic membrane allows a uniform microbubble-in-liquid dispersion system at relatively low transmembrane pressure, and as a result, the dissolved oxygen concentration is effectively increased by 1.3 times. The bubble size is stable at about 160 μm in a 24 h continuous run, and the Janus ceramic membrane shows excellent stability. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of fabricating Janus ceramic membranes and the advantages of Janus ceramic membranes in microbubble aeration.

Embodied carbon transfers and employment-economic spillover effects in China’s inter-provincial trade

Understanding the embodied carbon transfer in inter-provincial trade and its employment-economic spillover effects is of crucial value in achieving carbon equity management. Surprisingly, few studies have focused on the intrinsic relationship between embodied carbon, embodied GDP, and embodied employment in iinter-provincial trade and its equity implications. Based on the 2012 and 2017 multi-regional input-output tables, our study of inter-provincial trade in 30 Chinese provinces shows that: 1) net outflows of embodied carbon were concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin region and the eastern and southern coastal regions, while net inflows were in the central and northwestern regions; 2) embodied carbon, GDP, and employment were characterized by nearby transfer, complementary energy economy, and asymmetric transfers in and out; and 3) western provinces, which relied heavily on traditional energy and heavy chemical industries, gained a competitive disadvantage implying by the internal relationship between net transfers of embodied carbon, GDP, and employment. To mitigate the inequity of inter-provincial carbon trade, top-down climate goals must be aligned with bottom-up socio-economic incentives to achieve balanced regional development and improved public welfare.

Research on Innovation and Management of New Energy Materials and Chemical Industry

Research on Innovation and Management of New Energy Materials and Chemical Industry

Some Conceptual Proposals of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Regarding the Support and Development of Domestic Industry During Martial Law and Post-War Neo-Industrial Modernization

Specific proposals are presented to support and development of the energy system, engineering, metallurgical and chemical industries, as well as the possibilities of preserving, attracting and using personnel potential in all branches of domestic industry to meet the primary needs of the state during martial law. The presentation and substantiation of the proposals regarding the machine-building, metallurgical, chemical, light industries, and the energy system were based on the following logic: a description of the problems that need to be solved by industry; measure (mechanism) to support national production, aimed at solving the proposed problem; regulatory and legislative acts, strategic (program) documents that require adoption (amendment) for the implementation of the measure and resolution of the problematic issue; approximate expected effect for meeting the state’s primary needs in the conditions of martial law.

CGCA 34th annual conference

AbstractOn the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Germany, the 34th Annual Conference of the Chinese and German Chemical Association (CGCA) was held at the Berlin Technology Center of the Zhejiang Tsinghua Yangtze River Delta Research Institute, in Berlin on the beginning of October. This is the first on‐site gathering of the Chinese chemical colleagues in Germany since the Covid pandemic started. The conference was held in a hybrid form with online participants, and focuses on the topic of “Sustainable Development”. Researchers from Chinese and German top universities, research institutes and well‐known chemical enterprises held ten invited talks and five oral talks. They covered the field of materials, biomedical, and physical chemistry as well as energy chemical industry.

Insights on Carbon Neutrality by Photocatalytic Conversion of Small Molecules into Value-Added Chemicals or Fuels.

Photocatalytic conversion of small molecules (including H2O, CO2, N2, CH4, and benzene) into value-added chemicals or fuels (e.g., H2, NH3, C2 +, etc.) is a promising strategy to cope with both the worldwide increasing energy demand and greenhouse gas emission in both energy sectors and chemical industry, thus paving an effective way to carbon neutrality. On the other hand, compared with conventionally thermo- or electrocatalytic processes, photoactivation can convert these very stable small molecules by the unexhausted solar energy, so leading to store solar energy in chemical bonds. Thus, it can effectively reduce the reliance on the nonrenewable fossil fuels and avoid the substantial emission of hazardous gases such as CO2, NO x , and so on while producing valued-added chemicals. For example, semiconductors can absorb solar light to split H2O into H2 and O2 or convert CO2 to alcohols, which can then be used as zero or neutral carbon energy sources. Although many efforts have already been made on photocatalytic small molecule activation, the light-energy conversion efficiency is still rather moderate and the yield of aimed value-added chemicals cannot meet the requirement of large-scale application. The core for these artificial photocatalytic processes is to discover a novel photocatalyst with high efficiency, low cost, and excellent durability. Over the past two decades, the Tang group has discovered a few benchmark photocatalysts (such as dual-metal-loaded metal oxides, atomic photocatalysts, carbon-doped TiO2, and polymer heterojunctions, etc.) and investigated them for photocatalytic conversion of the above-mentioned five robust molecules into value-added chemicals or liquid fuels. Besides, advanced photocatalytic reaction systems including batch and continuous flow membrane reactors have been studied. More importantly, the underlying reaction mechanism of these processes has been thoroughly analyzed using the state-of-the-art static and time-resolved spectroscopies. In this Account, we present the group's recent research progress in search of efficient photocatalysts for these small molecules' photoactivation. First, the strategies used in the group with respect to three key factors in photocatalysis, including light harvesting, charge separation, and reactant adsorption/product desorption, are comprehensively analyzed with the aim to provide a clear strategy for efficient photocatalyst design toward small and robust molecule photoactivation under ambient conditions. The application of in situ and operando techniques on charge carrier dynamics and reaction pathway analysis used in the group are next discussed. Finally, we point out the key challenges and future research directions toward each specific small molecule's photoactivation process.

Assembly of Alloyed PdCu Nanosheets and Their Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructured catalysts have attracted great attention in many important fields, including energy applications and chemical industry. In this study, PdCu nanosheet assemblies (NSAs) have been synthesized and investigated as electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells in an alkaline medium. A great number of active sites on the nanosheets of PdCu NSAs for ethanol electro-oxidation are exposed, where the electron structures are optimized combined with the second element copper. Electrochemical measurements show that PdCu NSA1 exhibits excellent catalytic activity (2536 mA mg-1) and cyclic stability compared to PdCu NSA2 (1700 mA mg-1) and PdCu NSA3 (1436 mA mg-1), much higher than commercial Pd/C. Kinetics studies on the electrolysis of ethanol suggest that PdCu NSAs should be more favorable at higher catalytic temperatures, higher concentrations of ethanol, and low pH value environments. The unique composition and structures PdCu NSA1 would result in the lowest energy barrier in the rate-controlling step of the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), confirmed by density functional theory (DFT). The formation mechanism of PdCu NSAs and their excellent electrocatalytic activity toward EOR have been discussed and analyzed.

Analysis on carbon emissions efficiency differences and optimization evolution of China's industrial system: An input-output analysis.

The excessive carbon emissions not only intensify the global climate change, but also seriously restrict the sustainable development of social economy. However, improving industrial carbon emissions efficiency is the most directly effective way to reduce emissions. Therefore, accurate measurement and analysis of carbon emissions efficiency and evolution characteristics of China’s industrial system is the basis for China to improve carbon emissions efficiency. Based on this, we adopted energy consumption method and input-output method to calculate and analyze the industrial carbon emissions efficiency and evolution characteristics of China from 2002 to 2015. The results show that (1) If carbon emissions from cement production are ignored and only energy-related carbon emissions are considered, the calculation results of carbon emissions efficiency of heavy industry will be overestimated about 30%. (2) Compared with 2002, China’s industrial carbon emissions efficiency increased by about twice in 2015. Specifically, the optimization of carbon emissions efficiency in agriculture, construction, light industry and service industry is very obvious, which has increased by 5.65, 5.00, 4.69 and 4.68 times respectively; The optimization of carbon emissions efficiency in power sector, heavy industry, transportation and chemical industry was obvious, which increased by 2.55, 2.01, 1.86 and 1.47 times respectively; The carbon emissions efficiency of the fossil energy sector has decreased by 0.36 times. (3) The carbon emissions efficiency of various industries has significant differences. Among them, agriculture, service industry, light industry and construction industry are generally industries with higher carbon emissions efficiency, while power sector, fossil energy sector, transportation industry, chemical industry and heavy industry are generally industries with lower carbon emissions efficiency, especially power and fossil energy sectors. Based on these, this paper provides policy implications and scientific evidence for accurately improving carbon emissions efficiency from the perspective of carbon emissions efficiency.

Spatial and temporal analysis of landscape ecological quality in Yulin

Yulin is one of the important energy chemical industry area in China, located at the intersection of Loess Plateau and Mu Us Desert, and the vulnerability of ecosystem in this area is extremely prominent. Landscape ecological quality research helps to enhance ecological protection and high quality development in the region. The Remote sensing images in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018 of Yulin were interpreted to the landscape thematic data by ERDAS and ArcGIS10 and the landscape ecological quality model has been established in terms of the landscape ecological stability and disturbance. This paper aimed to reveal the spatial–temporal characteristics of landscape ecological quality. The results showed that: (1) the trend of landscape ecological quality firstly improve then degrade and enhance again during 2000–2018. (2) the landscape ecological quality improved and the areas with poor and fair landscape ecological quality reduced and the areas with high landscape ecological quality increased from 2000 to 2010. (3) the ecological quality was not optimistic during 2010 and 2015, with the areas with high landscape ecological quality reduced.(4) the ecological quality improved again from 2015 to 2018, and the areas with highest landscape ecological quality reaching 65.201% of total area. The changes of ecological quality were mainly driven by the project of returning farmland to forest, which increased vegetation coverage, reduced soil erosion, and achieved obvious results in ecological benefits, and these results may provide helpful information for the ecological conservation and development. • The topic is novel. Currently, there are few studies on landscape ecological quality. • This paper is taking innovative research methods—stability and disturbance, and constructing a landscape ecological quality evaluation model based on the characteristics of the study area using the landscape ecological index. • The research results are helpful to increase the attention to the quality of landscape ecology which promote the further development of landscape ecology.

Industrial Structure Effect of China’s Urban Air Quality Improvement：A Natural Experiment of COVID-19

Promoting the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure and promoting the transformation of traditional extensive production mode and consumption mode to green and low-carbon is an important embodiment of the concept of innovation and green development, and an important way to realize the work of “carbon emission peak, carbon neutralization”. Identifying the impact of industrial structure characteristics on environmental pollution and exploring how to effectively reduce the impact on the environment by industrial structure transformation and upgrading are an important basis for precise policy implementation and realizing the synergistic effect of industrial structure adjustment and environmental governance. In response to the inadequacy of previous studies in dealing with the endogenous problem between industrial structure and environmental pollution, based on the weekly air quality index（AQI）of prefecture-level cities in China during nearly three months around the Spring Festival in 2019 and 2020, this paper takes COVID-19-induced production shutdown as a natural experiment to study the impact of industrial structure on air quality and identify the major industries that cause air pollution with the generalized DID method. The study finds that: The impact on air quality mainly comes from the secondary industry. In the shutdown environment, the AQI decreases by 0.470% when the proportion of secondary industry in GDP increases by 1% compared with the same period of last year. The impact of the internal subdivisions of the secondary industry on air quality also presents great differences, among which the manufacturing industry has the greatest impact, and the influence coefficient of light industry in the manufacturing industry is higher than that of equipment manufacturing industry and energy chemical industry. The impact of mining and construction on air pollution is not significant. Life supply industry such as water, electricity, gas and so on shows no significant impact on air quality improvement as increased demand for living during the epidemic replaced reduced industrial demand for work. At the same time, this paper also finds that different industries have great differences in the path dependence on air quality, and the production process of the secondary industry has a relatively higher contribution to pollution. Within the manufacturing industry, light industry is relatively more affected by commuting factors, while energy and chemical industry is more affected by production process factors.Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward some suggestions: First, from the perspective of industrial structure adjustment to achieve “carbon emission peak, carbon neutralization”, it is necessary to pay attention to the importance of the internal structure adjustment of the secondary industry, and strengthen the prevention and control of the manufacturing industry, especially light industry, energy and chemical industry, etc. Second, the adjustment of industrial structure and environmental governance need to vary from city to city, fully considering the economic development stages and geographical and climatic conditions. Third, while promoting the “return” of the manufacturing industry, especially the high-end manufacturing industry, we should always adhere to the concept of internal structure optimization, and keep the bottom line of high-quality development when balancing industrial development and environmental governance. This paper provides a practical basis for realizing the industrial structure adjustment of “carbon emission peak, carbon neutralization”.

Process Intensification in Pneumatically Agitated Slurry Reactors

Abstract Pneumatically agitated slurry reactors, including bubble column reactors and airlift loop reactors (ALRs), are important gas–liquid–solid multiphase reactors. These reactors have been widely applied in many processes, especially in the biological fermentation and energy chemical industry, due to their low shear stress, good mixing, perfect mass-/heat-transfer properties, and relatively low costs. To further improve the performance of slurry reactors (i.e., mixing and mass/heat transfer) and to satisfy industrial requirements (e.g., temperature control, reduction of back-mixing, and product separation), the process intensification of slurry reactors is essential. This article starts by reviewing the latest advancements in the intensification of mixing and mass/heat transfer in these two types of reactors. It then summarizes process-intensification methods for mixing and separation that allow continuous production in these slurry reactors. Process-intensification technology that integrates directional flow in an ALR with simple solid–liquid separation in a hydrocyclone is recommended for its high efficiency and low costs. This article also systematically addresses vital considerations and challenges, including flow regime discrimination, gas spargers, solid particle effects, and other concerns in slurry reactors. It introduces the progress of numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the rational design of slurry reactors and discusses difficulties in modeling. Finally, it presents conclusions and perspectives on the design of industrial slurry reactors.

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Landscape Ecological Disturbance in Yulin

Yulin is one of the important energy and chemical bases, located in ecologically fragile region in China. Landscape ecological disturbance of which affects regional ecological protection and high quality development. Remote sensing images covering Yulin in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018 were interpreted to process landscape thematic with the software ERDAS and ArcGIS10.2Landscape ecological disturbance model was established. Yulin is one of the important energy chemical industry area in China, located at the intersection of Loess Plateau and Mu Us Desert, and the vulnerability of ecosystem in this area is extremely prominent. This paper aimed to reveal the spatial-temporal characteristics of landscape ecological quality. The results showed that:(1)from the perspective of time change, landscape ecological disturbance fluctuates greatly, the degree of landscape disturbance decreased significantly and increased from 2010 to 2015 and reacheig its peak,(2)from the perspective of spatial change, the severe disturbance area is mainly concentrated in the areas with large population density and developed economy.