Reanastomosis Research Articles

Optimum anastomosis angle of end-to-side microsurgical anastomosis for preventing future shear-related risk of thrombosis by computationalmodeling

End-to-side (ETS) microsurgical anastomosis is a powerful technique in microsurgery. It can overcome vessel’s diameter discrepancy and preserve the distal blood flow. Optimal angle of the ETS anastomosis has been debated and studied, and is currently limited to animal models. Computational model using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to simulate the models with 45 (model45), 90 (model90), and 135 (model135) ETS anastomosis angles. Flow dynamics including flow velocity and wall shear rate were studied and compared. Maximum flow velocity ranged from the highest to the lowest in model135, model90, and model45, respectively. The velocity in model135 showed fluctuation flow. The maximum wall shear rate and distribution were highest in model45 and lowest in model90. ETS anastomosis angle of 90 degrees provided the most favourable flow dynamics to prevent shear related thrombosis in comparison to ETS anastomosis at 45 and 135 degrees.

Hierarchically vascularized and suturable tissue constructs created through angiogenesis from tissue-engineered vascular grafts

A major roadblock in implementing engineered tissues clinically lies in their limited vascularization. After implantation, such tissues do not integrate with the hostʼs circulation as quickly as needed, commonly resulting in loss of viability and functionality. This study presents a solution to the vascularization problem that could enable the survival and function of large, transplantable, and vascularized engineered tissues. The technique allows vascularization of a cell laden hydrogel through angiogenesis from a suturable tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) constructed from electrospun polycaprolactone with macropores. The graft is surrounded by a layer of cell-laden gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogel. The constructs are suturable and possess mechanical properties like native vessels. Angiogenesis occurs through the pores in the graft, resulting in a hydrogel containing an extensive vascular network that is connected to an implantable TEVG. The size of the engineered tissue and the degree of vascularization can be increased by adding multiple TEVGs into a single construct. The engineered tissue has the potential to be immediately perfused by the patient's blood upon surgical anastomosis to host vessels, enabling survival of implanted cells. These findings provide a meaningful step to address the longstanding problem of fabricating suturable pre-vascularized tissues which could survive upon implantation in vivo. Statement of significanceCreating vascularized engineered tissues that can be transplanted and rapidly perfused by the host blood supply is a major challenge which has limited the clinical impact of tissue engineering. In this study we demonstrate a technique to fabricate vascularized tissue constructs via angiogenesis from a suturable tissue-engineered vascular graft. The macroporous graft is surrounded with hydrogel, allowing endothelial cells to migrate from the lumen and vascularize the hydrogel layer with capillary-like structures connected to the macrovessel. The graft has comparable mechanical properties to native blood vessels and larger constructs can be fabricated by incorporating multiple grafts. These constructs could potentially be connected surgically to the circulation at an implantation site to support their immediate perfusion and survival.

Risk Factors for Recurrence of Crohn's Disease After Ileocecal Resection and Management Strategies

IntroductionPediatric patients with ileocecal Crohn's Disease (CD) refractory to medical management frequently require ileocecectomy. However, risk factors for post-operative ileocecal recurrence and appropriate management strategies are poorly defined in the pediatric literature in the biologic era. MethodsWe queried our institutional database from 1/1/2012–12/31/2022 for patients aged 1–21 who underwent primary ileocecectomy for CD. We analyzed baseline characteristics, operative details, medical management, recurrence patterns, and management patterns. ResultsWe identified 208 patients who underwent primary ileocecal resection, of which 66 (23%) demonstrated endoscopic recurrence at 2.1 ± 0.5 years and 28 (13%) developed clinical recurrence at 2.5 ± 0.8 years. Recurrence was at the surgical anastomosis in 43 (21%). Before surgery, 138 (66%) were treated with a biologic, of which 25 (18%) were transitioned to a second line biologic pre-operatively. Requiring a separate intervention for perianal or intestinal disease increased the odds of recurrence on multivariable analysis, as did requiring a second line biologic. Of those with endoscopic recurrence, most [62/66 (94%)] were successfully managed with medical optimization alone. Only four (6.7%) required procedural intervention with two being managed with endoscopic balloon dilation and two requiring repeat resection and re-anastomosis. Median follow up was 2.6 years [IQR 1.2–4.5]. ConclusionRequiring separate interventions for perianal or intestinal disease and demonstrating disease difficult to medically control may increase the risk of recurrent post-operative ileocecal CD. Such patients should be closely surveilled for endoscopic recurrence and may warrant more aggressive medical regimens. Recurrence can typically be managed medically with few patients requiring procedural intervention. Level of EvidenceIII.

Early stenosis and dehiscence of surgical esophago-jejunal anastomosis treated with different endoscopic techniques

Early stenosis and dehiscence of surgical esophago-jejunal anastomosis treated with different endoscopic techniques

Experimental Study On Anastomotic Hemodynamics Using Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry

Fluid mechanics is an important factor to the failure of the graft anastomosis surgery. In order to better understand the mechanism of restenosis and graft failure of the anastomosis from the perspective of fluid mechanics, an end-toside silicone anastomosis model with 45° anastomotic angle was used for research. The anastomosis model was connected to a continuous flow loop. where the flow rate can be adjusted during the experiment to simulate several conditions. The tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV) was applied to obtain the internal three-dimensional and three-component (3D-3C) flow field. The hemodynamics inside the anastomosis model was quantitatively analyzed based on the averaged 3D-3C flow field. The results present that there are phenomena such as recirculation, spiral flow, flow stagnation, and large vortex structures inside the anastomotic flow field. The oscillation of the recirculation zone size and flow stagnation point indicate the fluid stimulation to the endothelial cells. Also, the double spiral vortex structure could cause high local shear stress, which in turn cause trauma to the red blood cells and lead to local coagulation. Besides, thanks to the 3D-3C flow field, the wall shear stress (WSS) on the entire model wall was obtained, which enables us to predict the mechanical influence to the intimal hyperplasia. The local low WSS was found near the graft toe and recirculation regions, while the local high WSS was found on the host vessel bottom where the jet directly impinges. The abnormal flow phenomena can explain the high-risk regions in the anastomosis, where the stenosis and intimal hyperplasia are prone to appear. The 3D-3C flow field based on the in vitro experiment can strengthen the understanding of the anastomotic restenosis pathology and provide further reference for the surgery improvement.

Reshaping Arteriotomy at the Corners Eases End-to-side Anastomosis: Results and Description of S-shaped Arteriotomy Technique

Background: End to side anastomosis (ESA) poses difficulty at corners in small calibre vessels. S shaped arteriotomy (SSA) overcomes this. Aims: This study presents the results of SSA and explains the concept involved. Settings and Design: It is an observational study with retrospective analysis. Methods and Material: SSA coverts a narrow V at the corners into a broader U which pry open the edges. Altered dynamics acting on arterial wall result in this. SSA was utilised for carrying out arteriovenous fistulas [radio- cephalic and brachio-cephalic arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs)] and crural bypasses. The patency of AVFs was determined by doppler and / or ability to carry out successful dialysis. Crural bypass were followed by doppler and/ or CT angiography for patency. Statistical Analysis Used: Results are presented as a descriptive analysis. Results: One hundred ESAs were done. This included sixty- five radio cephalic AVFs, twenty brachio-cephalic AVFs and fifteen femoro-crural bypasses. The mean diameter of the radial artery was 1.97 +/- 0.24mm; while the average diameter of brachial artery was 3.3 +/- 0.43mm; and that of crural arteries was 2.4 +/- 0.43mm. Twelve radio cephalic AVFs thrombosed, but rest of AVFs matured with a mean follow up of 6 months. The total follow up for crural bypasses was 21 months. The cumulative patency rate was 100 percent at 10 months and 82% at 21 months. Conclusions: SSA helps in better visualising of the corners and facilitates ESA with satisfactory results. This happens due to redistribution of forces acting on the arterial wall.

Surgical Techniques for Lymphovenous Bypass: A Review

Background: Lymphedema is a progressive, debilitating disease that may affect up to 250 million individuals worldwide. Complex decongestive therapy (CDT) remains the first line of treatment for lymphedema, and surgical treatment currently has no formally established role. In recent years, lymphovenous bypass (LVB) has emerged as a potentially efficacious intervention to improve patients' objective and subjective measures of lymphedema. Despite this promise, there are few evidence-based recommendations to inform the adoption of the practice. Methods: A narrative review of the present literature on LVB was performed through a query of records using various combinations of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords such as “lymphatic vessels,” “lymphedema,” “breast cancer lymphedema,” “surgical anastomosis,” “lymphovenous bypass,” “lymphovenous anastomosis.” The articles were assessed for 1) bibliometric characteristics, 2) preoperative evaluation, 2) operative techniques, 3) postoperative regimens, and 4) outcome measures. Results: The sixty-year evolution of LVB has transformed rapidly in response to technological advances in the last two decades. The geographically distributed investigation of these surgical innovations has prompted a fragmentation of LVB practice. As original research outpaces literature review, there needs to be more consistency in terminology, perioperative practices, and evaluation of outcomes of LVB, which challenge systematic analysis. The systematic reviews to date emphasize the ability of LVB to improve objective measures such as limb circumference. Still, the inconsistent use of subjective measures limits our appreciation of the collective improvement in patient-reported outcomes. Moreover, there are a limited number of accepted methods for patient selection, preoperative evaluation, and surgical planning, with many surgical techniques employed. Conclusion: The unifying principles and scientific evidence must be clarified to guide an overarching consensus before the widespread adoption of LVB. This article aims to synthesize recommendations and current institutional preferences concerning the research and clinical applications of LVB. The collaboration and continued refining of these practices will be necessary to establish the role of LVB in the treatment and prevention of lymphedema.

Surgical anastomosis of vertical vein to left atrial appendage: A case report of technical aspects

Management of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) differs significantly between the defect on the left side, which is adjacent to left atrial appendage, and that on the right one adjacent to the interatrial septum. Here, we report two patients operated at our center. The first case is an adult diagnosed with the left-sided PAPVC draining to an innominate vein through a left-sided vertical vein, and with a large ostium secundum atrial septal defect. The second case is a neonate with mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with all right pulmonary veins opening into the coronary sinus, and all the left pulmonary veins connecting to the innominate vein through a left-sided vertical vein. Both patients experienced severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, necessitating surgical treatment involving disconnection of the vertical vein from its junction, or, ligation of the vertical vein-innominate vein junction, coupled with its redirection to the left atrial appendage. We employed different surgical procedures on these patients, given the distinct age difference, intending to anastomose their respective vertical veins to the adjacent left atrial appendage. In this report, the technical aspects of anastomosing vertical vein to left atrial appendage, to avoid pulmonary venous obstruction in these two patients, are discussed.

Preliminary report of a thoracic duct-to-pulmonary vein lymphovenous anastomosis in swine: A novel technique and potential treatment for lymphatic failure

ObjectiveThe thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, and carries fluid and nutrients absorbed in abdominal organs to the central venous circulation. Thoracic duct obstruction can cause significant failure of the lymphatic circulation (i.e., protein-losing enteropathy, plastic bronchitis, etc.). Surgical anastomosis between the thoracic duct and central venous circulation has been used to treat thoracic duct obstruction but cannot provide lymphatic decompression in patients with superior vena cava obstruction or chronically elevated central venous pressures (e.g., right heart failure, single ventricle physiology, etc.). Therefore, this preclinical feasibility study sought to develop a novel and optimal surgical technique for creating a thoracic duct-to-pulmonary vein lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) in swine that could remain patent and preserve unidirectional lymphatic fluid flow into the systemic venous circulation to provide therapeutic decompression of the lymphatic circulation even at high central venous pressures. MethodsA thoracic duct-to-pulmonary vein LVA was attempted in 10 piglets (median age 80 [IQR 80–83] days; weight 22.5 [IQR 21.4–26.8] kg). After a right thoracotomy, the thoracic duct was mobilized, transected, and anastomosed to the right inferior pulmonary vein. Animals were systemically anticoagulated on post-operative day 1. Lymphangiography was used to evaluate LVA patency up to post-operative day 7. ResultsA thoracic duct-to-pulmonary vein LVA was successfully completed in 8/10 (80.0%) piglets, of which 6/8 (75.0%) survived to the intended study endpoint without any complication (median 6 [IQR 4–7] days). Initially, 2/10 (20.0%) LVAs were aborted intraoperatively, and 2/10 (20.0%) animals were euthanized early due to post-operative complications. However, using an optimized surgical technique, the success rate for creating a thoracic duct-to-pulmonary vein LVA in six animals was 100%, all of which survived to their intended study endpoint without any complications (median 6 [IQR 4–7] days). LVAs remained patent for up to seven days. ConclusionA thoracic duct-to-pulmonary vein LVA can be completed safely and remain patent for at least one week with systemic anticoagulation, which provides an important proof-of-concept that this novel intervention could effectively offload the lymphatic circulation in patients with lymphatic failure and elevated central venous pressures.

Clinical effects of early rehabilitation treatment after repair surgery of skin and soft tissue defects accompanied by extensor tendon injury on the back of hand

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of early rehabilitation treatment after repair surgery of skin and soft tissue defects accompanied by extensor tendon injury on the back of hand. Methods: This study was a retrospective non-randomized controlled study. From February 2015 to February 2023, 24 patients (15 males and 9 females, aged 12-55 years) with skin and soft tissue defects accompanied by extensor tendon injury on the back of hand, who met the inclusion criteria and were repaired with flap transplantation and tendon grafting or tendon anastomosis, were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University. According to different intervention time for postoperative rehabilitation treatment of patients, the patients were divided into conventional rehabilitation group and early rehabilitation group, with 12 cases in each group. Patients in early rehabilitation group received rehabilitation treatment immediately after surgery under the rehabilitation guidance of specialized rehabilitation physicians based on the characteristics of different postoperative periods. Patients in conventional rehabilitation group began rehabilitation treatment from the third week after surgery, and their rehabilitation treatment was the same as that of patients in early rehabilitation group from the second week after surgery. The patients in 2 groups were treated in the hospital until the sixth week after surgery. The occurrence of flap vascular crisis and tendon rupture were observed within 6 weeks after surgery. After 6 weeks of surgery, the manual muscle test was used to measure the pinching force between the index finger and thumb, lateral pinching force, three-point pinching force, and grip force of the affected hand; the total action motion method was used to evaluate the finger joint range of motion of the affected hand, and the excellent and good ratio was calculated; the Carroll upper extremity function test was used to score and rate the function of the affected hand. Results: Within 6 weeks after surgery, only 1 patient in conventional rehabilitation group suffered from venous crisis, and the flap survived after the second surgical exploration and anastomosis of blood vessels; there was no occurrence of tendon rupture in patients of 2 groups. After 6 weeks of surgery, there were no statistically significant differences in pinching force between the index finger and thumb, lateral pinching force, three-point pinching force, or grip force of the affected hand between the two groups of patients (P>0.05); the excellent and good ratio of the finger joint range of motion of the affected hand of patients in early rehabilitation group was 11/12, which was higher than 7/12 in conventional rehabilitation group, but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05); the affected hand function score of patients in early rehabilitation group was 90±6, which was significantly higher than 83±8 in conventional rehabilitation group (t=2.41, P<0.05); the function rating of the affected hand of patients in early rehabilitation group was obviously better than that in conventional rehabilitation group (Z=2.04, P<0.05). Conclusions: Early rehabilitation treatment for patients with skin and soft tissue defects accompanied by extensor tendon injury on the back of hand after repair surgery can improve hand function, but it would not increase surgery related complications, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Training in Vascular Microsurgery: The Ex Vivo Biological Model on Domestic Turkey Leg (Meleagris gallopavo).

There are various models for practicing microsurgical anastomoses, from synthetic to ex vivo and in vivo biological ones. In this study, we present the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) as an ex vivo biological model in the practice of surgical anastomoses. In our opinion, it represents a model that is very similar to a human one, low cost, and easy to find. In fact, our study shows that the diameters of the arteries and veins used for anastomoses (tibial artery diameter: 2.5 ± 0.6 mm; tibial vein diameter: 3.5 ± 1.2 mm) are similar to those of human arteries and veins most frequently used in microsurgical free flaps. So, we believe that this animal model is a great model for microsurgical training for doctors who approach this difficult and long to learn discipline.

A Case Report of a Rare Aetiology of a Sigmoid Volvulus Involving a Congenital Omental Defect

Sigmoid volvulus is a rare form of large bowel obstruction and makes up &lt; 5% of all colonic obstruction. The commonest aetiologies include a lead point involving an intra or extra luminal mass such as a malignancy or a benign stricture or colonic dysmotility especially in the geriatric population. Rare aetiologies include a mesenteric defect, or as in this case report, a congenital omental defect acting as the lead point. This makes for an increasingly unusual case report, and we believe that this is the first such report in English language literature. The management remains the same, irrespective of the aetiology. Endoscopic bowel decompression in the acute phase is followed by definite surgical management with or without a primary surgical anastomosis.

Optimising surgical anastomosis in ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease with respect to recurrence and functionality: two international parallel randomized controlled trials comparing handsewn (END-to-end or Kono-S) to stapled anastomosis (HAND2END and the End2End STUDIES)

BackgroundThe most common intestinal operation in Crohn’s disease (CD) is an ileocolic resection. Despite optimal surgical and medical management, recurrent disease after surgery is common. Different types of anastomoses with respect to configuration and construction can be made after resection for example, handsewn (end-to-end and Kono-S) and stapled (side-to-side). The various types of anastomoses might affect endoscopic recurrence and its assessment, the functional outcome, and costs. The objective of the present study is to compare the three types of anastomoses with respect to endoscopic recurrence at 6 months, gastrointestinal function, and health care consumption.MethodsThis is a randomized controlled multicentre superiority trial, allocating patients either to side-to-side stapled anastomosis as advised in current guidelines or a handsewn anastomoses (an end-to-end or Kono-S). It is hypothesized that handsewn anastomoses do better than stapled, and end-to-end perform better than the saccular Kono-S. Two international studies with a similar setup will be conducted mainly in the Netherlands (End2End) and Italy (HAND2END). Patients diagnosed with CD, aged over 16 years in the Netherlands and 18 years in Italy requiring (re)resection of the (neo)terminal ileum are eligible. The first part of the study compares the two handsewn anastomoses with the stapled anastomosis. To detect a clinically relevant difference of 25% in endoscopic recurrence, a total of 165 patients will be needed in the Netherlands and 189 patients in Italy. Primary outcome is postoperative endoscopic recurrence (defined as Rutgeerts score ≥ i2b) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes are postoperative morbidity, gastrointestinal function, quality of life (QoL) and costs.DiscussionThe research question addresses a knowledge gap within the general practice elucidating which type of anastomosis is superior in terms of endoscopic and clinical recurrence, functionality, QoL and health care consumption. The results of the proposed study might change current practice in contrast to what is advised by the guidelines.Trial registrationNCT05246917 for HAND2END and NCT05578235 for End2End (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/).

A143 PATIENT POSITION AND ENDOSCOPIC CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP) TECHNICAL SUCCESS AMONG PATIENTS WITH SURGICALLY ALTERED FOREGUT ANATOMY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract Background Patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pose challenges due to anatomical distortions. Factors such as patient positioning, endoscopist experience, and choice of endoscope may influence procedural success. It is unclear how these factors may impact the technical success of ERCP among patients with altered anatomy. Aims We primarily aimed to determine the impact of patient positioning (prone versus left lateral decubitus [LLD]) on technical success of ERCP among patients with surgically altered anatomy. Our secondary aim was to determine the impact of patient positioning on procedural time and immediate bleeding. Methods We conducted a retrospective single-centre study using data from 2010 to 2020 that included patients with hepaticojejunostomy, Roux-en-Y anastomosis, Billroth-1, or Billroth-2 anatomy. The primary outcome was technical success of the ERCP, which we comprehensively defined as of successful navigation to the papilla or surgical anastomosis, selective cannulation and cholangiography, and the realization of the intended therapeutic goals. The secondary outcomes were the presence of immediate bleeding and procedural time. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics using mean and standard deviation (SD) and Fisher exact test with relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). All statistical tests were two-tailed and considered significant at Pampersand:003C0.05. Results Among 205 patients, there were 179 (87.3%) in the LLD group, and 26 (12.6%) in the prone group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of patient sex, age, type of altered anatomy, or American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) classification. We found that there was no significant differences between the two groups in terms of procedural success (RR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.8-1.5), immediate bleeding (RR 1.7, 95% CI: 0.2-14.8), and procedural time (P=0.808). Conclusions We did not find that patient positioning had a significant impact on technical success in ERCP among patients with surgically altered anatomy. The choice of positioning should be tailored to individual patient and endoscopist factors, with a focus on optimizing outcomes in this complex patient subset. Funding Agencies None

The sucker-like end-to-side arterial anastomosis for free flap in extremities reconstruction: a retrospective study of 78 cases

BackgroundThe application of end-to-side (ETS) anastomosis for flap transfer poses challenges, particularly in cases of significant size discrepancy between the donor and flap arteries. Herein, a novel ETS anastomosis technique, termed “sucker-like ETS anastomosis”, is developed to mitigate and rectify such vessel discrepancies. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of this technique in tissue defect reconstruction through free flap transfer.MethodsBetween September 2018 and March 2023, the medical records and follow-up data of 78 patients who underwent free flap transfer using sucker-like ETS anastomosis for significant artery size discrepancies were collected and retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAmong the 78 cases that received free flap transfer, the range of artery size discrepancy (flap artery vs donor artery) was 1:1.6–1:4 (mean: 1:2.5). Following anastomosis with the sucker-like ETS technique, 75 cases achieved flap survival without requiring additional surgical intervention, yielding a one-stage success rate of 96.2%. Three cases experienced post-operative venous crises, with two cases surviving after vein exploration and one case undergoing flap necrosis, necessitating a secondary skin graft. Seven cases faced delayed wound healing but eventually achieved complete healing following dressing changes. No arterial crisis was observed during hospitalization. With an average follow-up of 13 months, the surviving flaps exhibited excellent vitality without flap necrosis or pigment deposition. Overall, the application of sucker-like ETS arterial anastomosis for flap transfer resulted in a high overall surgical success rate of 98.7% (77/78).ConclusionThe application of sucker-like ETS anastomosis for free flap transfer is highly effective, particularly in cases with significant size discrepancy between the recipient and donor arteries.

Nonmalignant tracheal stenosis: presentation, management and outcome in limited resources setting

BackgroundNonmalignant tracheal stenosis is a potentially life threatening conditions that develops as fibrotic healing from intubation, tracheostomy, caustic injury or chronic infection processes like tuberculosis. This is a report of our experience of its management with tracheostomy, rigid bronchoscopic dilation and surgery.MethodsRetrospective study design was used. 60 patients treated over five years period were included.ResultsMean age was 26.9 ± 10.0 with a range of 10–55 years. Majority (56 patients (93.3%)) had previous intubation as a cause for tracheal stenosis. Mean duration of intubation was 13.8 days (range from 2 to 27 days). All patients were evaluated with neck and chest CT (Computed Tomography) scan. Majority of the stenosis was in the upper third trachea − 81.7%. Mean internal diameter of narrowest part was 5.5 ± 2.5 mm, and mean length of stenosed segment was 16.9 ± 8 mm. Tracheal resection and end to end anastomosis (REEA) was the most common initial modality of treatment followed by bronchoscopic dilation (BD) and primary tracheostomy (PT). The narrowest internal diameter of the tracheal stenosis (TS) for each initial treatment category group was 4.4 ± 4.3 mm, 5.1 ± 1.9 mm and 6.7 ± 1.6 mm for PT, tracheal REEA and BD respectively, and the mean difference achieved statistical significance, F (10,49) = 2.25, p = 0.03. Surgery resulted in better outcome than bronchoscopic dilation (89.1% vs. 75.0%).Discussion and conclusionNonmalignant tracheal stenosis mostly develops after previous prolonged intubation. Surgical resection and anastomosis offers the best outcome.

Midterm Clinical Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Reverse Hybrid Coronary Revascularization: A Single-Center Experience

Outcomes of robotic-assisted reverse hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) remain hindered. We aimed to analyze midterm clinical outcomes of robotic-assisted reverse HCR. All consecutive 285 patients who underwent reverse robotic-assisted HCR between September 2005 and July 2021 were included. Reverse HCR comprises percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation in non-left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries was performed within 30 days before robotic-assisted left internal thoracic artery (LITA) harvesting and LITA-to-LAD manual anastomosis through a 4-cm left minithoracotomy. Dual antiplatelet therapy was not interrupted in any patient. Preoperatively, mean age was 70.2 years (±11.2). Before surgery, 168 patients received 1 stent, 112 patients 2 stents, and 5 patients 3 stents. Intraoperatively, mean operating room time was 5.9 hours (±1); no case was converted to full sternotomy, whereas 9 patients (3.1%) received intraoperative blood product transfusions. Postoperatively, a small incidence of stroke, 1 (0.3%), reoperation for bleeding, 7 (2.4%), blood product transfusions, 48 (16.8%), and hospital stay (4.8 days) was observed. At 30-day follow-up, 1 patient (0.3%) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with stent on a surgical LITA-LAD anastomosis owing to graft failure. Mean follow-up was 4.2 years. Reported midterm outcomes included all-cause death in 31 patients (10.9%), major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in 102 of 285 (35.9%), nonfatal stroke in 2 of 285 (0.7%), myocardial infarction in 17 of 285 (5.9%), and repeat intervention in 50 of 285 patients (17.5%). This single-center study reports effective and safe clinical outcomes at midterm follow-up of reverse HCR procedures for treating multivessel coronary artery disease.

Dilation of benign esophageal strictures with balloon/bougie; a single center experience

Objective: Narrowing in the esophagus caused by benign conditions such as peptic injury, surgical anastomosis, radiation therapy, Schatzki rings, esophageal webs, erosive injury and eosinophilic esophagitis are called benign esophageal strictures. In the treatment of benign esophageal stricture, endoscopic dilation with balloon or bougie is the first priority. Method: The study included a total of 96 patients who were diagnosed with a benign stricture at the gastroenterology clinic of our university from May 2009 to October 2023. All patients were symptomatic, and their main complaint was dysphagia. The benign stricture was diagnosed through clinical examination, radiological imaging and endoscopy. Patient data were scanned retrospectively. The dilation method (bougie, balloon), the number of times the procedure was permormed and any potential complications were recorded. Stents were applied to patients who did not provide adequate dilatation. Results: A total of 96 patients were included in the study. 47 (49%) of them were women and 49 (51%) were men. The average age was 48±17 years (the youngest was 18, the oldest was 81). A total of 198 dilation procedures were performed on 96 patients. The average follow-up period was 79±54 (1-179) months. Srictures were divided into 4 groups according to etiology as anastomotic stricture, peptic stricture, caustic stricture and post-radiotherapy stricture. Of the cases with stricture, 76 (79.2%) underwent bougie dilation, 26 (27.1%) underwent balloon dilation, 5 (5.2%) underwent bougie and then balloon dilation, and in 5 (5.2%) cases, metallic stent was placed due to failed dilations. Conclusion: This study shows the effectiveness of bougie and/or balloon dilation in treating most of the patients with benign esophageal strictures, with a low complication rate. It is less invasive, comfortable and cost-effective than the alternative surgical approach.

The Impact of Obesity on Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Obesity is prevalent in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population, particularly in newly developed countries where both IBD and obesity in the general population are on the rise. The role of obesity in the pathogenesis of IBD was entertained but results from available studies are conflicting. It does, however, appear to negatively influence disease course whilst impacting on our medical and surgical therapies. The pro-inflammatory profile of the visceral adipose tissue might play a role in the pathogenesis and course of Crohn's Disease (CD). Interestingly, isolating the mesentery from the surgical anastomosis using a KONO-S technique significantly decreases anastomotic recurrence rate. Anti-obesity therapy is not widely used in IBD but was suggested as an adjunctive therapy in those patients. In this review, we aimed to highlight the epidemiology of obesity in IBD and to describe its influence on disease course and outcomes.

Factors associated with enteral autonomy after reanastomosis in infants with intestinal failure and ostomy: A descriptive cohort study.

To determine variables associated with outcomes in infants with intestinal failure (IF) and ostomy following reanastomosis (RA). A single-center, descriptive cohort study of 120 infants with IF and a stoma from January 2011 to December 2020 with subsequent RA during initial hospitalization. The primary outcome was achievement of enteral autonomy (EA) following RA. Other outcomes were duration of hospital stay, and mortality. Penalized logistic regression and linear regression were used for data analysis. The median gestational age was 26 weeks, and the median birth weight was 890 g. Three infants died. The median duration between ostomy creation and RA was 80 days (interquartile range; 62.5, 100.5). For each additional day of discontinuity, the odds of EA decreased by 2% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.980; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.962, 0.999; P = 0.038), and death increased by 4.2% (OR = 1.042; 95% CI: 1.010, 1.075; P = 0.009). For each additional mL/kg/day of enteral feeds at RA, the odds of EA increased by 7.5% (OR = 1.075; 95% CI: 1.027, 1.126, P = 0.002) and duration of hospital stay decreased by 0.35 days (slope coefficient = -0.351; 95% CI: -0.540, -0.163; P < 0.001). Shorter duration of intestinal discontinuity and enteral nutrition before RA could positively influence EA and duration of stay in infants with IF and ostomy following RA.