Endoscopic Closure Techniques Research Articles

Endoscopic techniques for management of large colorectal polyps, strictures and leaks

The implementation of screening colonoscopy with polyp removal has significantly decreased mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), although it remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths globally. CRC typically originates from adenomatous polyps, and increased removal of these growths has led to reduced CRC incidence and mortality. Endoscopic polypectomy techniques, including hot and cold snare polypectomy, play a pivotal role in this process. While both methods are effective for small polyps (<10 mm), recent evidence favors cold snare polypectomy due to its superior safety profile and comparable complete resection rates. Large polyps (>10 mm), particularly those with advanced features, pose increased cancer risks and often require meticulous assessment and advanced endoscopic techniques, including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), for resection.This chapter also provides a practical overview of endoscopic techniques for managing colonic obstructions and pericolonic fluid collections, detailing their indications, advantages, disadvantages, and complications. The goal is to improve understanding and application in clinical practice. Additionally, we provide a summary of endoscopic closure techniques that have revolutionized the management of perforations and fistulas, offering safe and effective alternatives to surgery.

Endoscopic closure techniques of bariatric surgery complications: a meta-analysis.

Leaks following bariatric surgery, while rare, are potentially fatal due to risk of peritonitis and sepsis. Anastomotic leaks and gastro-gastric fistulae following Roux-En-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as well as staple line leaks after sleeve gastrectomy have historically been treated multimodally with surgical drainage, aggressive antibiotic therapy, and more recently, endoscopically. Endoscopic clipping using over-the-scope clips and endoscopic suturing are two of the most common approaches used to achieve full thickness closure. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed to identify articles on the use of endoscopic clipping or suturing for the treatment of leaks and fistulae following bariatric surgery. Studies focusing on stents, and those that incorporated multiple closure techniques simultaneously, were excluded. Literature review and meta-analysis were performed with the PRISMA guidelines. Five studies with 61 patients that underwent over-the-scope clip (OTSC) closure were included. The pooled proportion of successful closure across the studies was 81.1% (95% CI 67.3 to 91.7). The successful closure rates were homogeneous (I2 = 39%, p = 0.15). Three studies with 92 patients that underwent endoscopic suturing were included. The weighted pooled proportion of successful closure across the studies was shown to be 22.4% (95% CI 14.6 to 31.3). The successful closure rates were homogeneous (I2 = 0%, p = 0.44). Three of the studies, totaling 34 patients, examining OTSC deployment reported data for reintervention rate. The weighted pooled proportion of reintervention across the studies was 35.0% (95% CI 11.7 to 64.7). We noticed statistically significant heterogeneity (I2 = 68%, p = 0.04). One study, with 20 patients examining endoscopic suturing, reported rate of repeat intervention 60%. Observational reports show that patients managed with OTSC were more likely to experience healing of their defect than those managed with endoscopic suturing. Larger controlled studies comparing different closure devices for bariatric leaks should be carried out to better understand the ideal endoscopic approach to these complications.

New endoscopic closure technique, “internal traction–assisted suspended closure,” for GI defect closure: a pilot study (with video)

After endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR), reliable closure of the perforation is critical. However, it is technically difficult to close some defects by using metal clips alone or by purse-string suturing, which may lead to unreliable closure. Inspired by the process of pulling up the 2 ends of the incision in the surgical suture, we developed a new endoscopic closure technique, the "internal traction-assisted suspended closure" technique. This pilot study was performed as an initial evaluation of the feasibility and safety of this new endoscopic closure technique. Data from patients in whom this suspended closure technique was used to close full-thickness defects after EFTR were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was successful closure rate. Secondary outcomes were closure time, length of postprocedural hospital stay, and incidence of postprocedural adverse events. Defect size and tumor characteristics were also analyzed. Eight patients who underwent the suspended closure technique after EFTR were included. All patients were successfully treated with the suspended closure technique, and no patient developed serious adverse events. The median length of the defect was 3.25 cm (range, 2.5-9.0) and the median width was 2.8 cm (range, 1.8-6.0). The median closing time was 13 minutes (range, 6-24). The internal traction-assisted suspended closure technique is a simple, reliable, and easy-to-use technique for large full-thickness defects after endoscopic resection.

Bariatric endoscopic antral myotomy: first-in-human proof of concept of a novel therapeutic method to delay gastric emptying and induce weight loss

Bariatric endoscopic antral myotomy: first-in-human proof of concept of a novel therapeutic method to delay gastric emptying and induce weight loss

Modified double-layered suturing for a mucosal defect after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (Origami method) (with video).

Through-the-scope clips (TTSCs) are among the most common devices used to close colorectal post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) defects. Although TTSCs are easy to deliver, even to the proximal colon, simple clipping of large defects results in mucosa-mucosa closure, which could be unreliable. We developed a novel endoscopic closure technique using a modified double-layered suturing called the origami method (OGM). This method closes not only the mucosal layer but also the muscle layer with only TTSCs, which can obtain robust closure even for large defects. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of this new closure method for colorectal post-ESD defects. This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. We reviewed the cases of the OGM attempted after colorectal ESD at our institute between October 2021 and October 2022 and measured the clinical characteristics and outcomes of enrolled cases. The OGM was attempted in 47 cases after colorectal ESD. Thirty-one cases (66%) were in the proximal colon, 5 (11%) in the distal colon, 6 (13%) in the upper rectum, and 5 (10%) in the lower rectum. The median defect size was 38mm, with the largest being 85mm. Complete closure was achieved in 44 cases (94%), including all lower rectum cases. No perforations were caused by clips during closure, and delayed perforation and bleeding were not observed. This new closure method is feasible and recommended. The OGM could achieve reliable closure of large defects in any location, including the proximal colon and thick-walled lower rectum, using only TTSCs.

V08-08 ENDOSCOPIC URETHRAL STUMP CLOSURE WITH A NOVEL SUTURE DEVICE

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023V08-08 ENDOSCOPIC URETHRAL STUMP CLOSURE WITH A NOVEL SUTURE DEVICE Bridget l. Findlay, jayson P. Kemble, Felicia L. Balzano, and Jonathan N. Warner Bridget l. FindlayBridget l. Findlay More articles by this author , jayson P. Kemblejayson P. Kemble More articles by this author , Felicia L. BalzanoFelicia L. Balzano More articles by this author , and Jonathan N. WarnerJonathan N. Warner More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003306.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Symptomatic lymphoceles are a rare occurrence following pelvic lymph node dissection. Persistent lymphoceles can affect scarring and closure of the urethral stump following radical cystectomy. While this is a rare occurrence, traditional management includes endoscopic fulguration of the proximal urethral stump. Herein, we aim to describe a novel endoscopic technique for urethral stump closure in a patient with persistent urethral drainage in the setting of a recurrent pelvic lymphocele following radical cystectomy. METHODS: A 60-year-old male with history of muscle invasive small cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent robotic assisted radical cystectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection and Indiana pouch creation in November 2021 following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. He developed a symptomatic lymphocele in February 2022 with persistent urethral drainage. He underwent aspiration of the pelvic fluid collection and endoscopic urethral fulguration without improvement. He was then referred for second opinion, where he elected to proceed with endoscopic fulguration and closure using a laparoscopic suture device (RD-180; LSI Solutions, Rochester, NY) and novel endoscopic sheath (JNW UrtractTM; LSI Solutions, Rochester, NY). Prior to surgery, a pigtail drain was placed in the pelvic fluid collection. The proximal stump was fulgurated using the bipolar plasma band via a 27 Fr cystourethroscope (Olympus Surgical Technologies America, Westborough, MA) to facilitate scarring. The stump was closed using the RD-180 under direct visualization in a figure of eight fashion both proximally at the opening and 1cm distally. Knots were fashioned using the Ti-Knot fastener (LSI Solutions, Rochester, NY). RESULTS: Total operative time was 37 minutes and the patient discharged same day. His follow-up CT scan locally 2 months postoperatively demonstrated resolution of the pelvic fluid collection, and his drain was removed. He remains asymptomatic without recurrence of urethral drainage 4 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first described case of endoscopic closure of a urethral stump in the setting of persistent drainage from a pelvic lymphocele. Fulguration with endoscopic closure using a novel device is both a safe and efficacious alternative to performing urethral fulguration alone. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e751 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Bridget l. Findlay More articles by this author jayson P. Kemble More articles by this author Felicia L. Balzano More articles by this author Jonathan N. Warner More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

A120 ENDOSCOPIC CLOSURE TECHNIQUES FOLLOWING ACUTE IATROGENIC PERFORATION -- AN UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract Background Iatrogenic perforation is arguably the most feared adverse event associated with endoscopy. Current American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines recommend endoscopic closure as the first-line treatment strategy. Historically, this has been achieved using through-the-scope clips (TTSC). Given the emergence of alternative endoscopic closure techniques including over-the-scope clips (OTSC) and endoscopic suturing, we sought to provide an updated review of the literature. Purpose To review endoscopic closure techniques following iatrogenic perforation during screening or therapeutic endoscopy. Method Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines, an electronic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE from June 1st, 1946 – Oct 10th, 2022 was performed. Inclusion criteria was limited to English full-text original citations, with case reports, and cohorts with &amp;lt; 3 patients excluded. Our primary objective was to assess complete defect closure after attempted endoscopic treatment. Outcomes were stratified by modality (TTSC, OTSC, endoscopic suturing) and chronologically based on a previous well received systematic review. Result(s) A total of 2549 citations were identified in our electronic search, of which 34 were included representing 830 perforations. Overall, successful endoscopic closure was achieved in 763 cases (91.9%). When stratified by endoscopic closure techniques, range estimates for successful endoscopic closure was 71% – 100%, 57% - 100%, and 100% for TTSC, OTSC and endoscopic suturing respectively. When stratifying chronologically, an improvement in TTSC closure was identified. Conclusion(s) Endoscopic defect closure, including TTSC, OTSC and endoscopic suturing, are effective in the management of iatrogenic perforations with increasing TTSC performance over time. It remains the primary treatment strategy for iatrogenic perforation. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Use of a novel endoscopic overtube with bilateral tool channels for endoscopic resection of experimental lesions and repair of intestinal defects in the right colon: preclinical trial.

Endoscopic tumor resection and intestinal defect repair are technically challenging leading to invasive surgery and colectomy performed for resection of benign polyps. In this study, we evaluated the use of an endoscopic overtube with bilateral tool channels for these procedures. Using a fresh porcine colorectum in a 3D ex vivo model, 3cm lesions at the posterior wall of the transverse colon were removed by two different techniques: standard endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) technique (STD, n = 12) and ESD using the overtube with an endoscopic snare and grasper through the bilateral channels (OT, n = 12). Procedure times and the number of muscular injuries were evaluated. Using the same model, 5-10mm full-thickness perforations within a 3cm mucosal defect at the posterior wall of the transverse colon were closed by two different techniques: standard endoscopic closure technique (STD, n = 12) and endoscopic closure using the overtube with two graspers (OT, n = 12). The outcomes measured included bursting pressure and the number of endoscopic clips used for closure. Endoscopic resection of lesions was performed by the OT group in a significantly shorter total procedure time (STD vs. OT = median 38.9min vs. 17.3, p < 0.001) and with fewer muscular injuries (median 0 vs. 2, p = 0.002), compared with the STD group. After repair of intestinal defects, the OT group showed higher median bursting pressures (STD vs. OT = 11.2mmHg vs. 57.1, p = 0.008) despite using fewer clips (median 13 vs. 10, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates a novel traction technique with an endoscopic overtube using multiple instruments to remove lesions and repair intestinal defects in the colon more effectively. This endoscopic platform could provide a safe alternative to invasive surgical treatment.

Suturing techniques with endoscopic clips and special devices after endoscopic resection.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is an established method for complete resection of large and early gastrointestinal tumors. However, methods to reduce bleeding, perforation, and other adverse events after endoscopic resection (ER) have not yet been defined. Mucosal defect closure is often performed endoscopically with a clip. Recently, reopenable clips and large-teeth clips have also been developed. The over-the-scope clip enables complete defect closure by withdrawing the endoscope once and attaching the clip. Other methods involve attaching the clip-line or a ring with an anchor to appose the edges of the mucosal defect, followed by the use of an additional clip for defect closure. Since clips are limited by their grasping force and size, other methods, such as endoloop closure, endoscopic ligation with O-ring closure, and the reopenable clip over-the-line method, have been developed. In recent years, techniques often utilized for full-thickness ER of submucosal tumors have been widely used in full-thickness defect closure. Specialized devices and techniques for defect closure have also been developed, including the curved needle and line, stitches, and an endoscopic tack and suture device. These clips and suture devices are applied for defect closure in emergency endoscopy, accidental perforations, and acute and chronic fistulas. Although endoscopic defect closure with clips has a high success rate, endoscopists need to simplify and promote endoscopic closure techniques to prevent adverse events after ER.

The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Anorectal Abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula.

The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Anorectal Abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula.

A novel endoscopic technique for closure of two gastro-gastric fistulas in a single session using an endoscopic helix tacking device.

A novel endoscopic technique for closure of two gastro-gastric fistulas in a single session using an endoscopic helix tacking device.

Current endoscopic closure techniques for the management of gastrointestinal perforations.

Acute gastrointestinal perforations occur either from spontaneous or iatrogenic causes. However, particular attention should be made in acute iatrogenic perforations as timely diagnosis and endoscopic closure prevent morbidity and mortality. With the increasing use of diagnostic endoscopy and advances in therapeutic endoscopy worldwide, the endoscopist must be able to recognize and manage perforations. Depending on the size and location of the defect, a variety of endoscopic clips, stents, and suturing devices are available. This review aims to prepare and guide the endoscopist to use the right tools and techniques for optimal patient outcomes.

The application of endoscopic loop ligation in defect repair following endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer

Objective We sought to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of a novel endoscopic closure technique in repairing gastric wall defects after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria layer. Methods From December 2016 to December 2019, patients with gastric submucosal tumors were enrolled and clinicopathological data were collected. All SMTs were resected by EFTR and gastric wall defects were closed using a novel endoscopic closure technique. The feasibility, efficacy, and safety were evaluated. Results A total of 21 patients with gastric SMTs were included in this study. Among the included SMTs, 15 tumors were located in the fundus of the stomach, and 6 were located in the upper body of the stomach. The average size of the lesions was 2.3 cm (range: 1.9–2.5 cm). All patients underwent EFTR and the gastric wall defect was closed by endoscopic closure. The average endoscopic closure time was 9 min (range: 7–15 min) and the average hospitalization stay length was five days (range: 4–6 days). One patient developed abdominal pain on the first day after the procedure and their body temperature increased; he received treatments such as anti-infection, antacid, and gastrointestinal decompression and was cured and discharged after 4 days. No instance of delayed bleeding, postoperative gastrointestinal fistula, or abdominal infection occurred. No case was transferred to surgery. The postoperative pathology profile included 18 stromal tumors and 3 leiomyomas. During the follow-up period (6–24 months), no case of residual or recurrence was recorded. Conclusion The described endoscopic loop ligation technique is feasible, effective, and safe for repairing gastric wall defects after EFTR for gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer.

Endoscopic vacuum assisted closure (E-VAC) of upper gastrointestinal leakages

Objectives Endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure (E-VAC) of leaks of the upper gastrointestinal tract is an increasingly applied endoscopic technique. Data on indication, clinical success, complications and prognostic factors are still sparse. Methods Patients treated with E-VAC between 2012 and 2019 at a tertiary referral center have been retrospectively analyzed. Results Overall, 116 patients treated with E-VAC were identified. Indication for E-VAC placement was postoperative leakage in 94/116 (81%), iatrogenic perforations 7/116 (6%) and others 15/116 (13%). In 92/116 (79%) of the patients E-VAC therapy showed successful wound closure. The first E-VAC after detection of insufficiency was significantly more often placed intracavitary in patients with E-VAC failure (p = .031). There was a trend for longer intensive care unit treatment for patients with E-VAC failure (p = .069). Complications occurred significantly more often in patients with E-VAC failure (p = .009). Platelet count was significantly higher in patients with E-VAC success at day of insufficiency detection (257/Thsd/µL (interquartile range [IQR], 185–362) vs. 195 (IQR, 117–309); p = .039). Platelet count (375 Thsd/µL (IQR, 256–484) vs. 190 (IQR, 129–292)), hemoglobin (9.5 g/dL (IQR, 8.8–10.1) vs. 8.7 g/dL (IQR, 8.15-9.35)) and C-reactive protein level (79 mg/L (IQR, 39.7-121.9) vs. 152 mg/L (IQR, 73.7-231)) at day 14 differed significantly. The 30 days mortality rate was 33.3% (8/24) in E-VAC failure compared with 2.2% in patients with E-VAC success (p = .001). Conclusions E-VAC is an emerging highly effective interventional endoscopic technique for gastrointestinal wound closure even in highly selected patients.

Current status in endoscopic management of upper gastrointestinal perforations, leaks and fistulas.

Recent advancement in endoscopic closure techniques have revolutionized the treatment of gastrointestinal perforations, leaks and fistulas. Traditionally, these have been managed surgically. The treatment strategy depends on the size and location of the defect, degree of contamination, presence of healthy surrounding tissues, patients' condition and the availability of expertise. One of the basic principles of management includes providing a barricade to the flow of luminal contents across the defect. This can be achieved with a wide range of endoscopic techniques. These include endoclips, stenting, suturing, tissue adhesives and glue, and endoscopic vacuum therapy. Each method has their distinct indications and shortcomings. Often, a combination of these techniques is required. Apart from endoscopic closure, drainage procedures by the interventional radiologist and surgical management also play an important role. In this review article, the outcomes of each of these endoscopic closure techniques in the literature is provided in tables, and practical management algorithms are being proposed.

Retrospective evaluation of association between perioperative antimicrobial protocol and complications following elective equine synovial endoscopy.

BackgroundProphylactic perioperative antimicrobial protocols in equine synovial endoscopy have been described but not compared with respect to post‐operative outcomes and complications. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in equine practice and interest in promoting judicious use of antimicrobials has prompted reevaluation of drug selection and dosing strategies.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of and compare post‐operative complications following elective synovial endoscopy between horses receiving different perioperative antimicrobial protocols.MethodsRecords from the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were evaluated (2014–2018) and equine patients undergoing elective synovial endoscopy were identified. Patients undergoing endoscopy for sepsis or internal fixation were excluded. Patient signalment, clinician, joint and limb involved, perioperative antimicrobial regimen, number endoscopic portals and closure technique, and post‐operative complications including incidence of joint infection were recorded. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the odds of post‐operative complications.ResultsElective synovial endoscopies of 516 horses in 537 procedures evaluating 761 synovial structures were performed. No horses developed post‐operative septic synovitis. Administration of post‐operative antimicrobials, type used and patient sex were all significantly associated with increased risk of complications, which were predominantly gastrointestinal‐related. Complication rates in horses receiving a single preoperative dose of cefazolin were lower than in horses receiving potassium penicillin, gentamicin or multiple doses. Complication rates were lower in females compared to castrated or intact males. Other factors evaluated (breed, age, surgeon, anaesthesia duration or hospitalization, joint/limb operated, number endoscopic portals) were not associated with increased risk of complications post‐operatively in this case population.ConclusionsProphylactic perioperative antimicrobial protocols in equine practice deserve periodic reconsideration due to increased antimicrobial resistance. Prolonged antimicrobial usage beyond the time of surgery was unnecessary to prevent septic synovitis following synovial endoscopy in this case population and was furthermore associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal complications.

Author commentary on Seiichiro Abe et al.

Seiichiro Abe et al. A novel endoscopic hand-suturing technique for defect closure after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a pilot study

Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal leaks and fistulae: What option do we have?

Gastrointestinal leaks and fistulae are serious, potentially life threatening conditions that may occur with a wide variety of clinical presentations. Leaks are mostly related to post-operative anastomotic defects and are responsible for an important share of surgical morbidity and mortality. Chronic leaks and long standing post-operative collections may evolve in a fistula between two epithelialized structures. Endoscopy has earned a pivotal role in the management of gastrointestinal defects both as first line and as rescue treatment. Endotherapy is a minimally invasive, effective approach with lower morbidity and mortality compared to revisional surgery. Clips and luminal stents are the pioneer of gastrointestinal (GI) defect endotherapy, whereas innovative endoscopic closure devices and techniques, such as endoscopic internal drainage, suturing system and vacuum therapy, has broadened the indications of endoscopy for the management of GI wall defect. Although several endoscopic options are currently used, a standardized evidence-based algorithm for management of GI defect is not available. Successful management of gastrointestinal leaks and fistulae requires a tailored and multidisciplinary approach based on clinical presentation, defect features (size, location and onset time), local expertise and the availability of devices. In this review, we analyze different endoscopic approaches, which we selected on the basis of the available literature and our own experience. Then, we evaluate the overall efficacy and procedural-specific strengths and weaknesses of each approach.

The challenge of fistula closure in Crohn's disease: an endoscopic technique for closure of a fistula.

The challenge of fistula closure in Crohn's disease: an endoscopic technique for closure of a fistula.

FAİLED ATTEMPT AT COLONİC PERFORATİON CLOSURE WİTH OVER THE SCOPE CLİP (OTSC): CASE REPORT

Giriş: Kolonoskopik perforasyon, alt gastrointestinal sistem görüntülemeleri sırasında görülebilecek en ciddi komplikasyonlardan bir tanesidir. Gastrointestinal sistem perforasyonu, hava kaçağına, gastrik veya intestinal sıvıların sızmasına, safra veya gaitanın batın içine sızması ile peritonit, pnömoperitonyum ve sepsis gibi ciddi durumlara neden olabilir. İatrojenik perforasyon yönetimi ve güvenli endoskopik kapatma teknikleri büyük ilgi görmektedir. Gastrointestinal perforasyonlarının kapatılması için over the scope clips (OTSC)'lerin through the scope clips(TTS)’e göre üstün olduğu bildirilmektedir. Biz bu yazıda sigmoid kolon perforasyonu nedeni ile OTSC uygulanan ancak başarısız olması nedeni ile TTS ile onarım sağlanan vakamızı sunmayı amaçladık.Olgu: 73 yaş kadın hastada kolonoskopi işlemi sırasında sigmoid kolon ortalarında kolonoskopi ilişkili perforasyon gelişmesi nedeni ile OTSC uygulandı ve defekt kapatıldı. Ancak birkaç dakika sonra yapılan kontrol kolonoskopide OTSC klipsin tuttuğu dokuyu bıraktığı görülmesi nedeni ile defekt 5 adet TTS klips ile kapatıldı. Tartışma: OTSC sistemi, gastrointestinal kanama, perforasyon, anastomoz kaçağı ve fistül tedavisinde başarıyla kullanılabilen yeni bir tekniktir. OTSC ile genel başarı oranının, iatrojenik gastrointestinal perforasyonların kapatılmasında % 75 ila % 100 arasında olduğu bildirilmekle beraber, başarılı OTSC uygulaması sonrası erken dönemde doku gerilimine bağlı olarak klipsin dokuyu bırakabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.