Endoflas FS Research Articles

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Triclosan-incorporated Root Canal Filling Materials for Primary Teeth against Enterococcus faecalis.

Aim and objectiveTo compare the antibacterial activity of root canal filling materials namely zinc oxide eugenol and Endoflas FS with or without the incorporation of Triclosan.Materials and methodsThe study consisted of four groups, with 15 samples in each group: group I (zinc oxide eugenol paste), group Ia (zinc oxide eugenol paste + 2.5% Triclosan), group II (Endoflas FS), and group IIa (Endoflas FS + 2.5% Triclosan). A double layer agar well diffusion test was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The zones of microbial inhibition were measured at the end of 24 hours, 6th day, and 29th day.ResultsOn intergroup comparison, the difference in the antibacterial activity was found to be highly significant (p < 0.001). Among the various groups evaluated, group IIa showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis followed by group II, group Ia, and the least activity being shown by group I throughout the experimental periods. On intragroup comparison at different time intervals, a maximum zone of inhibition was seen at 24 hours with a p value < 0.05 in all the tested groups.ConclusionIncorporation of 2.5% triclosan into zinc oxide eugenol and Endoflas FS enhanced the antimicrobial activity of both the root canal filling materials with lasting antimicrobial activity even at the end of the 29th day.Clinical significanceThe antimicrobial efficacy of a root canal filling material is an ideal requirement, which will help in combating the residual microflora present in the root canal system following chemomechanical preparation. The addition of an antimicrobial agent such as triclosan to the root canal filling materials, enhances their antimicrobial efficacy significantly and thus, rendering the pulpectomy-treated tooth with a better prognosis.How to cite this articleDeepak BM, Prabhakar AR, Karuna YM, et al. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Triclosan-incorporated Root Canal Filling Materials for Primary Teeth against Enterococcus faecalis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(3):393–397.

A Confocal Microscopic Study on Percentage Penetration of Different Sealers into Dentin.

Context:Three-dimensional seal of the root canal space has always been challenging. The incorporation of gutta-percha and sealer prevents microleakage by bacteria, ensuring a shielded root canal space. However, the penetration of sealer to various depths within the root canal has always been looked with curiosity.Aims:Thus, the present in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the percentage and average depth of penetration of Endoflas F. S., AH Plus, and Epiphany sealers into dentinal tubules among the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the roots following obturation with a lateral compaction technique using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.Settings and Design:The study is an in vitro randomized control trial.Subjects and Methods:Thirty sound central incisors were decoronated at the level of the cementoenamel junction. Working length determination was done followed by a meticulous cleaning, shaping, and under copious irrigation. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups: Endoflas FS sealer, AH Plus sealer, and Epiphany sealer. On fluorescence treatment, the teeth were sectioned at the midpoint of coronal, middle, and apical third of each root and viewed under confocal laser scanning microscope.Statistical Analysis Used:The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and the significant difference between groups was analyzed with post hoc Tukey test.Results:Epiphany sealer provided with better percentage and depth penetration in comparison to Endoflas FS and AH Plus sealers. Furthermore, the coronal third of the root had better percentage and sealer penetration than the middle and apical thirds.Conclusions:Sealers tend to provide a firm bond between the tooth and the gutta-percha. They bind, lubricate, and seal the gutta-percha cones to fill the accessory canals. Within the limitations of this study, the superior flow and enhanced setting time Epihany sealers provide better percentage and depth of penetration than AH Plus and Endoflas FS.

Comparative Evaluation of Antifungal Efficacy of Five Root Canal Sealers against Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans: A Microbiological Study.

ABSTRACTAim and objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal efficacy of MTA Fillapex, Metapex, zinc oxide eugenol cement, Endomethasone, and Endoflas against Candida albicans.Materials and methodsRoot canal exudates of 30 patients were tested against MTA Fillapex (Angelus), Metapex (BioMed), zinc oxide eugenol (Deepak Enterprise), Endomethasone (Septodont), Endoflas FS (Sanlor Laboratories), MTA (Angelus) (positive control), and glycerine (negative control). Children with failed endodontic cases were included in the study. Tube dilution and agar diffusion methods were used to check the antifungal efficacy of the root canal sealers. In tube dilution method, 24-well culture plates containing freshly mixed material along with Candida albicans were used. Wells containing MTA (Angelus) along with Sabouraud dextrose agar and Candida albicans served as positive control while glycerine along with Sabouraud dextrose agar and Candida albicans served as negative control. All plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Growth of the fungi was monitored after 24 hours by the presence of the turbidity. The samples were recultured to test the experimental material using agar well diffusion method, and the Petri plates were incubated for 24 hours and 72 hours. Zone of inhibition was measured after respective time period. Paired t test was used for the data analysis.ResultsIt was seen in tube dilution method Endomethasone showed least turbidity while maximum was shown by Metapex; similar results were seen in case of agar well diffusion method in which largest zone of inhibition was shown by Endomethasone while smallest was by Metapex.ConclusionIt was concluded that Endomethasone showed maximum efficacy against Candida albicans as compared to Metapex.How to cite this articleSingh S, Srivastava B, Gupta K, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Antifungal Efficacy of Five Root Canal Sealers against Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans: A Microbiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(2):119–123.

Clinical and Radiographic evaluation of mixture of Zinc Oxide powder and Nanohydroxyapatite as an obturating material in primary molars

Introduction: Pulpectomy is the treatment alternative in rescuing the pulpally involved carious primary teeth. Various obturating materials are being used to conserve an infected deciduous dentition. The present study documents the use of a novel obturating material in primary molars due to the disadvantages associated with of the currently used materials. Objective: To evaluate clinically and radiographically the success rate of the mixture of zinc oxide powder and nanohydroxyapatite with saline as an obturating material in primary molars and also to compare its efficiency with Endoflas. Material and Methods: Thirty pulpectomy indicated primary molars were randomly divided into two equal groups; Group I (mixture of zinc oxide powder and nanohydroxyapatite with saline) and Group II (Endoflas FS). The teeth were evaluated using various clinical and radiographic criteria at 3, 6 and 9-month intervals. The obtained results were statistically analyzed (P &lt;0.05). Results: The overall present study findings revealed 100% clinical success in both the groups. Whereas radiographically, success reported was 66% for Group I and 100% for Group II at the end of 9 months follow-up. The difference in the radiographic success rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P &lt;0.05). Conclusion: Endoflas FS had demonstrated high success rate both clinically and radiographically when compared to the novel combination of a mixture of zinc oxide powder and nanohydroxyapatite with saline as obturating material.KeywordsEndoflas; Mixture of zinc oxide and nanohydroxyapatite; Obturating material; Pulpectomy; Primary molars; Endoflas.

Assessment of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Four Endodontic Sealants

The endodontic sealants have an essential role in the root canal filling. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare three physio-chemical properties (pH, solubility, viscosity). The most significant decrease of the viscosity was for MTA-Fillapex, followed by Endoflas FS and Acroseal. The best behavior was recorded for Endomethasone N. The total decrease of dry mass (reported to baseline) was 0.0113 for Acroseal. Endoflas FS had a total decrease of dry mass of 0.0377 (from 0,6864 to 0.6487) during the study. The total decrease of dry mass (reported to baseline) was 0.0047 for Endomethasone N. MTA Fillapex had a total decrease of 0.0226 (from 0.4805 to 0.4579) during the study period. MTA Fillapex had the highest pH values (pH 10.16), followed by Acroseal (pH 8.79), Endoflas FS (pH 7.98) and Endomethasone N (pH 7.73).

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Root Canal Sealers againstEnterococcus faecalis:A Comparative Study

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of root canal sealer's antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. Root canal sealers with the brands Endoflas FS, AH Plus, and Tubli-Seal EWT were selected. Enterococcus faecalis organisms' zone of inhibition was measured. Tukey post hoc tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the data among study groups and within its group. The data were said to be statistically significant with an established p-value less than 0.05. The maximum zone of inhibition (23.20 ± 1.202 mm) was shown by Endoflas FS sealer; AH Plus and Tubli-Seal showed the inhibition zone of (18.42 ± 1.023) and (16.88 ± 0.962) respectively, following Endoflas FS. The ANOVA test showed p < 0.0001, which is highly statistically significant. AH Plus and Endoflas FS showed a statistically significant difference of 0.04 and 0.001 in between groups, and there was no statistically significant difference in the Tubli-Seal group from Tukey post hoc test. The study showed that Endoflas FS sealer has a significant antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis. In clinical situation, despite perfect che-momechanical root canal preparation, persistence of microorganisms may reinfect the root canal. Therefore, endodontic root canal sealers play a major role in the eradication of bacteria. The polymicrobial nature of endodontic infection plays a main role during the usage of endodontic sealer with antimicrobial agents, which in turn reduces the failure of endodontic treatment.

A comparative study of apical microleakage of different root canal sealers by apical dye penetration

Objective: This study was designed to compare the level of apical microleakage of root canal sealers; Acroseal, AH Plus, Endoflas FS and Endomethasone N, with laterally condensed gutta percha by level of apical dye penetration.Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted sixty permanent maxillary anterior teeth were divided randomly into four groups. Shaping and cleaning of teeth was done followed by obturation with gutta percha and four different root canal sealers. Samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution in individual dappen dish and stored in the solution for 30 days. The roots were split longitudinally with a chisel in two halves and observed under stereomicroscope. Apical microleakage measured from the apex to the most coronal extent of dye penetration.Results: Minimum microleakage was observed with AH Plus with mean value 2.140 mm, standard deviation 0.817. The maximum microleakage was observed with Endomethasone N with mean value 3.858 mm, standard deviation 1.840. There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage between Acroseal, AH Plus, and Endoflas FS. Endomethasone N showed highest level of microleakage than other three groups under the test condition, which was statistically significant.Conclusion: The microleakage was the lowest for the AH Plus and increased in the following order, Endoflas FS, Acroseal, Endomethasone N.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(2) 2017 p.219-224

Comparative evaluation of apical microleakage in immediate and delayed postspace preparation using four different root canal sealers: An in vitro study.

Background:Endodontically treated teeth often lack sufficient support for a permanent restoration. During post space preparation, it is important not to disturb the integrity of the apical seal.Aim:This study compared the effect of immediate versus delayed post space preparation on the apical seal using four different sealers.Materials and Methods:One hundred and thirty single rooted teeth were biomechanically prepared and obturated with single cone gutta-percha and 4 sealers: Endoflas FS, AH Plus, Gutta flow and MTA. Teeth were divided randomly into eight groups, post spaces were prepared using Gates Glidden drills immediately for group I, III, IV and VII. For groups II, IV, VI and VIII prepared after storage of the specimens in 100% humidity for one week. The samples were kept in methylene blue dye, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 min sectioned and then measured under stereomicroscope for apical leakage.Statistical Analysis:The data was analysed using one way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test.Results:All the specimens showed dye leakage, and a statistically significant difference was seen among all the groups (P > 0.05) except Gutta flow.Conclusion:Less leakage is seen when post space is prepared immediately.

Antibacterial efficacy of three root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans: An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide-based sealer (Apexit Plus), zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer (Endoflas FS) and resin-based sealer (EndoRez) root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis microbial type culture collection (MTCC) 439 and Candida albicans MTCC 239 using agar diffusion test. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 20 Mueller Hinton agar (MH agar) plates were employed. Three wells were made by removal of agar at equidistant points and filled with root canal sealers according to manufacturer's instructions. The strains of the bacteria and fungi used in this study were E. faecalis MTCC 439 and C. albicans MTCC 227. Both micro organisms were grown at 37°C for 24 h in MH Broth and seeded into MH agar to produce a turbidity of 0.5 on the McFarland scale, which corresponds to a concentration of 10 8 CFU/mL. This MH broth was used as a second layer. The seeded agar was then added over the plates immediately after the insertion of sealer cements. After incubation, the diameters of zones of inhibition around the plates were measured. Results: The results were statistically analyzed using two way ANOVA test. Against both the micro organisms used in this study, Endoflas FS showed the largest zones of inhibition followed by Apexit Plus and EndoRez. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that: Root canal sealers showed different inhibitory effects depending on their types and microbial strains tested. Against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, zinc oxide based sealers showed the highest microbial zones of inhibition followed by the calcium hydroxide based sealer and resin based sealer respectively

“A Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Endodontic Sealers: Endoflas FS, AH Plus and sealapex against Enterococcus faecalis - an in vitro study.”

Aims and Objective: To compare the antimicrobial properties of three endodontic sealers such as Sealapex (calcium hydroxide based), Endoflas FS (zinc oxide eugenol based) and AH Plus (resin based) against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: The materials required for the study were sealers like Sealapex, AH plus and Endoflass FS, incubator, tweezer, scale and autoclave. The study was conducted on agar plates. Three wells were made by removal of agar at equidistant points and filled with root canal sealers and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. The plates were maintained at room temperature for 2 hours for prediffusion of materials and then incubated at 37oc for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. After incubation, the diameter of zones of inhibition around the plates was measured. The readings obtained were statistically analysed using ANOVA and Bonferroni test. Results: In all determined intervals, the antibacterial activity of Endoflas FS was significantly greater than other test materials (P<0.001). AH Plus sealer had moderate effect , whilst Sealapex showed the lowest antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion: The antibacterial activity of Endoflas FS was highest followed by AH Plus and Sealapex. Key-words: AH Plus, Endoflas FS, Enterococcus faecalis, Sealapex.

An evaluation of genotoxicity of different root canal sealers by MN assay – An in-vitro study

Objective: To evaluate the genotoxicity of Endoflas FS (zinc-oxide eugenol based sealer), RC Seal (epoxyresin based sealer), Diapex (calcium hydroxide based medicated sealer), Roeko Seal (silicone based sealer) and MTA Fillapex (MTA based sealer) root canal sealers using MN assay. Methods: The samples were divided in to two main groups positive control group (EMS media alone) and experimental group (sealers used in the study). i. Positive Control group: EMS media alone was used as control group. ii. Experimental group: This group was divided into five subgroups according to the type of root canal sealers used: Group 1: Endoflas FS (EFS), Group 2 :Diapex (D), Group 3 : MTA Fillapex (MF), Group 4 : RC Seal (RCS), Group 5: RoekoSeal(RS). The extracts from the root canal sealers of each experimental subgroup were serially diluted (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32). They were tested for genotoxicity on L929-Mouse fibroblast cells line using MN assay at 24 hours, 48 hours and 78 hours. Results: The average of micronuclei number/1000 cells, formation in EFS was more in 1:1 concentration at 72hr (22.60±0.54 and was less in the concentration 1:32 at 24hr (3.00±0.70). The average micronuclei number/1000 cells, formation were highest in 1:1 concentration at 72hr (21.80±0.44) and 48hr (19.80±0.44),higher than control group and were lowest in the concentration 1:32 at 24hr (2.20±044). The average micronuclei number/1000 cells formation in Group III (MF) was highest in 1:1 concentration at 72 hr (24.20±0.44).there was gradual decrease in micronuclei number/1000 cells in 1:1; 1:2; 1:4 at 24hr, 48hr, 72hr but in 1:8 at 48 and72hr there was no differences micronuclei number /1000 cells formation. Conclusion: It may be concluded that addition of bactericidal agents such as iodoform and paramonochlorophenol in the formula of root canal sealers can augment their genotoxicity.

The dissolving ability of different organic solvents on three different root canal sealers: in vitro study.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate three common gutta-percha solvents' effectiveness in dissolving three different types of root canal sealers. The solubility of three different root canal sealers (AH Plus, Apexit Plus and Endoflas FS) was assessed in xylene, refined orange oil, tetrachloroethylene and distilled water (control). One-hundred twenty samples of root canal sealers were prepared and then divided into three equal groups (n=40). Each group was further divided into four equal subgroups (n=10) for immersion in the respective solvents for a 10 minute immersion period. The mean amount of weight loss was determined for each material in each solvent during the specified immersion period, and the values were subjected to statistical analysis. Xylene exhibited the greatest dissolving efficacy for AH Plus, followed by refined orange oil and tetrachloroethylene. Xylene was also able to dissolve the greatest amount of Apexit Plus, followed by refined orange oil and tetrachloroethylene which were equally effective in dissolving Apexit Plus. For Endoflas FS, maximum dissolving efficacy was seen with tetrachloroethylene followed by refined orange oil and xylene. The results showed that xylene, refined orange oil and tetrachloroethylene can be used for the removal of AH Plus, Apexit plus and Endoflas FS sealers during endodontic retreatment. Further clinical investigations are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these solvents on different sealers.

Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Four Different Sealers using Centrifuging Dye Penetration Method: An in vitro Study

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the apical seal obtained with four root canal sealers AH 26, Sealapex, Endoflas FS and AH Plus, with lateral condensation. Sixty root canals were prepared using the step-back technique. The specimens were divided into four experimental groups of 12 teeth and two control groups of 12 teeth. The experimental groups were obturated by laterally condensed gutta-percha with one of the tested sealers and control groups were obturated without any sealer. Methylene blue dye penetration with centrifuging method was used to evaluate the apical sealing ability. The quantitative apical leakage of each specimen was measured after 2 weeks. The results showed no significant differences between all groups except between AH Plus and Endoflas FS (<0.05). AH Plus showed significantly less leakage than Endoflas FS. AH Plus showed the least leakage compared to AH 26, Sealapex and Endoflas FS.

An Analysis of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ten Root Canal Sealers - A Duration Based in vitro Evaluation

Sealers with prolonged antimicrobial activity are needed by the fact that microorganisms are commonly recovered from teeth with failed endodontic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the duration of antimicrobial activity of ten root canal sealers (Apexit plus, Tubli Seal Xpress, Endoflas FS, Endomethasone, Endomethasone N, AH Plus, Epiphany, EndoRez, Ketac Endo, Roeko Seal) against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans by the agar diffusion test. The zones of inhibition were examined immediately and after 24, 48, 72 hours, 5 and 7 days. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal - Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test. Against Enterococcus faecalis, Endoflas FS showed the largest inhibitory zones immediately and 24 hours after manipulation, whereas, there was no significant difference between Endoflas FS and Endomethasone after 48 hours. Against Candida albicans, Endoflas FS performed better than the other sealers. All the sealers (except AH Plus, Epiphany and Roeko Seal) demonstrated higher antimicrobial action in the first 24 hours after manipulation. The antimicrobial action of all the sealers (except AH Plus and Roeko Seal which showed no antimicrobial activity in any studied time and Epiphany which ceased to show any antimicrobial action after 24 hours) decreased significantly with time.

Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of five endodontic root canal sealers againstEnterococcus faecalisandCandida albicans

The present in-vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of a traditional zincoxide eugenol based scaler(Tubliseal) with a iodoform incorporated zincoxide eugenol based sealer (Endotas FS), a calcium hydroxide based sealer (Apexit) and the epoxy resin based sealers (AH PLUS and PC Seal), against the micro organisms Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The method employed to test the antimicrobial efficacy was the Kirby-Bauer method (Agar Disc Diffusion). The sealers were mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and 0.1 ml of each sealer was placed on the sterile paper discs. The diameter of the zones of inhibition was measured in millimeters with the help of an inhibition zone measuring scale and the values were recorded.<br>The antimicrobial efficacy of an iodoform incorporated zincoxide eugenol based sealer, Endoflas FS against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans was statistically superior to the rest of the test groups._Endotlas FS performed far better than even the controls being employed (Amoxycillin and Nystatin) respectively._Tubliseal, a zincoxide eugenol based seater also showed significant antimicrobial properties, but was statistically inferior to Endoflas FS Apexit, a calcium hydroxide based sealer did not show significant antimicrobial efficacy against both Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. AH PLUS and RC seal, epoxy resin based sealers showed no antimicrobial properties whatsoever.

Root canal sealer cytotoxicity with human gingival fibroblasts: III. calcium hydroxide-based sealers

The cytotoxicity of four different calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers (Sealapex, Apexit, CRCS, and Endoflas FS) was tested using human gingiva fibroblasts. The fibroblasts were acquired from the attached gingiva of apparently healthy patients. The sealers were allowed to set for 24 and 48 h before being covered with a fibroblastic suspension. The estimation of the incorporation rate of L-[14C]leucine in the fibroblasts after being in contact with the sealers was utilized to designate the fibroblasts' protein synthesis potential. The research was conducted over a period of 21 days. Endoflas FS induced a dramatic reduction in the protein synthesis potential of the fibroblasts in the 24-h group. In the 48-h group, Endoflas FS showed a slightly better response. Endoflas FS, however, showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity with respect to other sealers in both trials (p < 0.05). Sealapex demonstrated a relatively low cytotoxicity after 3 days of culturing. Although CRCS showed a slightly higher cytotoxicity during the initial phase of the experiments, a declining level of toxicity could be measured after 3 days of culturing. Apexit had a relatively high cytotoxicity in the beginning phase, but an ascending incorporation rate of L-[14C]leucine in the fibroblasts could be distinguished after 3 days of culturing.