Endocrine Problems Research Articles

Hypogalactia as a cause of neonatal hypernatremia

Neonatal hypernatremia is a condition in which the concentration of sodium in the blood of a newborn child exceeds 145 mmol/l. The causes of this pathology may be kidney disease, endocrine problems, transdermal water loss, iatrogenic sodium overload. In addition, dehydration due to insufficient breastfeeding remains one of the important factors leading to hypernatremia. Clinical signs include: significant weight loss, decreased skin turgor, anxiety, fever, seizures, and direct hyperbilirubinemia. The main complications of this condition are intracranial hemorrhages, venous sinus thrombosis and acute renal tubule necrosis. Infusion therapy and adequate oral nutrition are used to correct hypernatremia. The article presents a clinical case of hypernatremia in a newborn child caused by hypogalactyly in the mother. The purpose of the demonstration is to raise awareness and alertness among pediatricians and neonatologists about the possibility of this problem.

Prenatal alcohol exposure and health at midlife: Self-reported health outcomes in two cohorts.

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis (DOHaD) suggests prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) should have implications for adult physical and mental health. Since the health profile of older adults with PAE and diagnoses of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is unknown, the current study evaluates self-reported health problems of midlife adults with and without a history of PAE to describe these outcomes. Participants (N = 357) recruited from longitudinal cohorts in Atlanta, GA and Seattle, WA completed a health survey assessing a range of physical conditions. Initial analysis compared the frequency of conditions between alcohol-exposed and nonexposed groups. To identify patterns within groups, 10 problem areas were subjected to latent class analysis (LCA). Finally, the direct effect of PAE on health outcomes was evaluated using multilevel modeling, controlling for effects of other factors. Compared with unexposed controls, individuals with PAE reported significantly higher frequencies of problems with hearing, dentition, heart, cancer, gastritis, kidney stones, bladder, diabetes, thyroid, skin, and seizures. LCA found that controls yielded two classes, with 45% reporting sleep and vision problems and 55% reporting sleep, vision, cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and dental problems. The PAE group yielded three classes, with 13% endorsing few health problems, 43% reporting sleep, vision, immune, and dental problems, and 43% reporting sleep, vision, cardiovascular, urinary, endocrine, skin, immune, dental, and gastrointestinal problems. With multivariate analysis, controlling for other influences, PAE was associated directly with hearing, urinary, dental, and gastrointestinal problems. A similar pattern was found for alcohol-exposed individuals who did and did not meet criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Patients affected by alcohol may report greater frequency and range of health adversity. That PAE was only uniquely associated with a limited set of problems suggests that many health outcomes in midlife result from an initial vulnerability potentiated by postnatal stress resulting from other associated factors.

8183 An Unusual Cause of Fluctuating Thyroid Hormone Levels

Abstract Disclosure: V. Taqi: None. W. Akhter: None. J.L. Gilden: None. Background: Thyroid disease, especially congenital hypothyroidism is a common endocrine problem with an estimated global prevalence of 4.25%. Since every organ system is affected by thyroid hormones, untreated hypothyroidism can lead to profound adverse outcomes. Many drugs, hormones, and dietary supplements have been noted to affect the efficacy of thyroid hormones, yet there was always concern about the effect of the excessive growth of intestinal flora in the small intestine on thyroid supplement absorption. Drugs, malabsorption, celiac disease and increased excretion are common causes of fluctuating thyroid hormones. In this case, we present a young male patient with congenital hypothyroidism, who required fluctuating doses of levothyroxine due to abnormal thyroid hormone levels, despite compliance with proper administration, and dramatic improvement of thyroid hormone levels after starting probiotic therapy. Case : An 18-year-old Caucasian male with congenital hypothyroidism had been treated with varying doses of thyroid hormone replacement by a Pediatric Endocrine Center. Due to his recall that TSH=4.13 mIU/L and he was “tired of taking medication”, he stopped taking 125 mcg of levothyroxine. Four months later, TSH was > 200 mIU/L (nl=0.48-4.17). Levothyroxine 137 mcg was then started. However, 11 months later, TSH=14.2 mIU/L, Free T4=1.6 ng/dL (nl=1.03-1.64). He was then referred to our Endocrine Clinic. He denied symptoms of hypo or hyperthyroidism or other medical issues. His grandfather was known to have hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus (details unknown). On exam: Wt. was 149 Ib, Ht= 67 Inch. VS: BP 98/46, P 69, R:16,temp: 97.9F, Physical exam showed normal findings without thyromegaly, but there was a delay in tendon reflexes. Laboratory-unremarkable CBC, CMP panels with normal thyroid antibodies, and Celiac titers. TSH initially improved from 14.2 to 8.4 mIU/L after increasing the thyroxine dosage from 137 to 150 mcg for 2 weeks, then to 175 mcg after 4 weeks, but TSH increased to 12.1 mIu/L, despite being compliant with medication and ensuring proper way of administration. He continued to deny symptoms of hypo or hyperthyroidism, or any other medical issues, including lactose intolerance or malabsorption. However, probiotics were then added to his regimen, and continuation of the current dose resulted in a suppressed TSH=0.15 mIU/L. The levothyroxine was then decreased to 150 mcg with continuation of probiotics. One month later, TSH was 1.31 mIU/L with Free T4 of 1.5 ng/dL. Conclusion : Common causes for fluctuating thyroid hormone levels include intestinal malabsorption, celiac disease, nephrotic syndrome, drugs, and food interaction. This case demonstrates that despite proper administration, fluctuating thyroid hormone levels can result from some uncommon causes, such as lactose intolerance, which can be unmasked by co-administration of probiotics. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Accelerating rare disease detection: an experience of multidisciplinary team model in undiagnosed diseases program in a children's hospital.

A definite diagnosis goes undiscovered for a percentage of children with undiagnosed disorders, with significant medical, psychological, and social effects. Other than specialized clinical centers, exceptional molecular studies, common procedures, and devoted activities at the national and international levels, children with complex undiagnosed disorders require innovative approaches. In March 2016, Children's hospital of Fudan university represented the Children's Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP). The purpose of this study is to describe the project findings and underline the critical significance of multidisciplinary teamwork in China's undiagnosed rare illnesses program. We investigated the 758 cases in our UDP system retrospectively. Demographic information, laboratory test results, and genetic information were gathered. Between January 2017 and December 2021, 758 cases were examined. Males made up 436 (57.5%) of the total. Over half of the patients were children under the age of five. The average patient course time preceding admission to UDP was 6.0 months (95% CI 10.512.6). These patients visited an average of 1.8 clinics during their diagnostic journey. Except for 69 individuals (90.9%), all had more than one presenting symptom in various organs: 460 (60.7%) had neurology difficulties, 151 (19.9%) had endocrine problems, and 141 (18.6%) had immunology problems. UDP has a diagnosis rate of 61.3%. Genetic testing was performed on 469 of the 758 patients, for a genetic diagnosis rate of 15.8%. The UDP method has a sensitivity of 94.5%, a specificity of 86.4%, a positive predictive value of 92.8%, and an negative predictive value of 89.5%. Our UDP targets an unmet need, namely the diagnosis of patients with complicated, multisystem illnesses. Using a multidisciplinary team model approach, this UDP pilot study achieved a reasonable diagnosis success rate, increasing the possibility of more diagnoses and new scientific discoveries of difficult and rare diseases.

Transsphenoidal Approach for Pituitary Macroadenoma: Complications

Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is a popular method for resecting pituitary tumors, but it has been associated with severe consequences such as perioperative medical issues, endocrine problems, and surgical complications. The pituitary gland, a bilobed endocrine organ, contains eight hormones and is surrounded by the sella turcica, tuberculum sellae, dorsum sellae, and cavernous sinus dura. The gland's structure is complex, with the optic chiasm and sphenoid sinus being significant structures. The sphenoid sinus, which grows with age and has variable septal and cavitary architecture, can make the transsphenoidal approach more difficult to perform in cases of bleeding, vision loss, or cranial nerve palsy. Understanding the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus is crucial for a safe sellar approach and tumor removal. The operative microscope introduced in the 1960s has further improved surgical outcomes with low morbidity and mortality rates. Pituitary adenomas are extra-arachnoidal tumors that develop outside the boundaries of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They can cause iatrogenic leaks if the arachnoid membrane is ruptured and a cerebrospinal fluid fistula is introduced. Delayed postoperative epistaxis can result from the sphenopalatine artery and the intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA). Loss of vision can result from physical injuries to the optic nerves or chiasm, which can occur at multiple stages of the operation. Other causes include cerebral vasospasm, traction injury, empty sella syndrome with chiasm prolapse, ophthalmoplegia, and internal injuries to the carotid artery. Injuries to the sphenoid sinus, including proximity to essential tissues, thin or absent bone, and loss of bone, increase the risk of iatrogenic injury. Packing is the initial therapy, and postoperative angiography should be performed afterward. Embolization is considered in situations where packing is inadequate or when there is development to pseudo-aneurysms or carotid cavernous fistulae. Chronic Insipidus Diabetes (DI) is a common disturbance in patients following transsphenoidal surgery (TSS), causing water and electrolyte problems. DI can manifest in various clinical patterns, including transitory, permanent, and triphasic phenotypes. Postoperative syndrome of antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is also a risk factor, with hyponatremia often delayed and symptomatic. Improved or newly developed hypopituitarism is a risk, with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis being the most susceptible. Transcranial procedures with HPA or other axis deficits may cause damage to normal residual glands, especially in large tumors. Transsphenoidal techniques can mitigate the risk of dissecting an attenuated gland, but understanding pituitary physiology and sellar anatomy is crucial for improving the procedure and encouraging innovation. Transcranial procedures have a low death rate and risk of significant impairment, but understanding the underlying medical, endocrine, and surgical consequences is essential for successful PA excision.

Thyroid Disorders among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study from a District Hospital in West Bengal.

The coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (both type 1 and type 2) and thyroid dysfunction, two common endocrine problems, is scientifically predictable. The prevalence of thyroid disorders among type 2 diabetics (more prevalent in India) was studied among patients visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of a district hospital in West Bengal to assess its relation with different characteristics of type 2 DM. A total of 120 patients suffering from type 2 DM (already diagnosed and on treatment) were randomly selected from the OPD (irrespective of their glycemic status). The thyroid status of all those patients was assessed. All diabetic patients were studied with a predesigned schedule and lab investigations for the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its association with pertinent variables from January to December 2019. This study found a 28.3% prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among diabetics. It was significantly associated with poor glycemic control [rising hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level] (actual p-value for HbA1c vs abnormal thyroid status = 2.4 E-21) but not with other variables, including the duration of diabetes. Screening for thyroid dysfunction among diabetic persons should be routine, and strict glycemic control is essential.

Menstrual cycle disorders: a correlation with genetic alterations

The menstrual cycle is considered the fifth vital sign among women. The pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and ovaries are endocrine glands that play a crucial role in governing the menstrual cycle. Endocrine ailments trigger periods of menstruation disturbances throughout a woman's reproductive life. The duration and volume of menstrual bleeding can serve as indicators of endocrine problems. Oligomenorrhea, which refers to monthly periods longer than 35 days, is the most prevalent menstrual disruption observed in endocrine illnesses such as thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, and diabetes, based on the existing evidence. The intricate endocrine pathways are crucial in regulating a woman's menstrual cycle.. Menstrual Irregularities are caused due to eating disorders, extreme weight loss or too much exercising, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Premature ovarian failure, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and Pregnancy or breast-feeding. Mensesare affected by various factors like junk food, obesity, skipping breakfast lack of physical activity etc. PCOS, Diabetes, Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, and Cushing’s syndrome are some menstrual disorders which occur due to genetic alterations. All these disorders can be primarily treated by Nutritional Considerations and herbal treatments. In order to achieve a regular menstrual cycle and overcome these diseases, nutritional supplements and lifestyle modifications must be prioritized.

Ectopic Posterior Pituitary and Its Associations with Extrapituitary Intracranial Anomalies.

Posterior pituitary ectopia is a very rare entity in the development of the pituitary gland. Several factors and multiple genes are associated with this entity causing both pituitary and extrapituitary abnormalities. Pituitary abnormalities can be various endocrine problems and extrapituitary abnormalities can be optic nerves and cerebellar hypoplasia, heterotopia, and abnormal vessels. This pictorial review represents the imaging manifestations of extrapituitary intracranial anomalies that can be associated with posterior pituitary ectopia.

Pet microbiota and its relationship with obesity

The incidence of obesity in pets appears to be increasing in line with the increasing incidence of obesity in humans, and leads to decreased life expectancy. Obesity, which is considered a multifactorial disease caused by excessive adiposity, leads to a decrease in quality of life and serious health problems. It is known that there is an increase in the incidence of respiratory disorders, cardiological disorders, metabolic and endocrine problems, orthopedic diseases and some types of cancer in obese cats and dogs. There are many factors in the formation of obesity. One of these factors is the balance of the microbiota in gut. Many studies have shown that the microbiota affects critical steps in the formation of obesity and there are strong relationships between dietary content, microbiota, and obesity. In particular, high-fat diets are known to increase microbiome composition in terms of gram-negative bacterial strains and trigger dysbiosis. Again, in cases where dysbiosis occurs, the levels of volatile fatty acids also vary and lead to undesirable results through hormonal mechanisms. This condition, which causes hyperphagia, hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, increases the incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. The ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, which are among the largest phylae of the microbiota, shows serious differences when compared in underweight and obese animals. In this article, these relationships between microbiota and obesity are reviewed.

Anti-hair loss effect of a shampoo containing caffeine and adenosine.

Hair loss is a widespread health problem that affects numerous individuals and is associated with age, lack of sleep, stress, endocrine problems, and other problems. Caffeine exerts various pharmacological effects, particularly after ingestion. The caffeine-induced inhibition of phosphodiesterases can increase intracellular cAMP concentrations, ultimately resulting in stimulatory effects on cell metabolism and proliferation. Hence, caffeine has been confirmed to inhibit hair loss caused by premature termination of the hair growth phase. Adenosine also improves hair loss by stimulating hair growth and thickening hair shafts. However, further empirical evidence is required to comprehensively assess the efficacy of hair loss treatment and prevention using a formulation of caffeine and adenosine in specific proportions in shampoos. This study aimed to evaluate a shampoo with caffeine and adenosine as a daily scalp care product for hair loss in 77 subjects aged 18-60 years. The overall and local hair densities were assessed using professional cameras and dermoscopes at different magnifications and distances. Five hairs that came off the participant's head were randomly selected to measure hair diameter. The self-assessment questionnaires were filled on third month of product use. The combination of caffeine and adenosine in the shampoo significantly enhanced hair density compared to that of the baseline. The results revealed a significant reduction in hair loss. The hair diameters of the subjects did not change significantly. Most of the participants (71.05%) were satisfied with their hair after using the product. Shampoos containing caffeine and adenosine have been demonstrated to exert therapeutic benefits for reducing hair loss.

Protein-Protein Docking Studies on Magnesium Chelatase of Ulva fasciata Against the Human TSHR Protein

The course and prognosis of hypothyroidism in humans are affected by the most common mutation in the hypothyroid protein, TSHR. To facilitate the potential mutant TSHR's interaction with Ulva fasciata's magnesium-chelatase, we utilize 3D Insilico drug docking approaches. The purpose of the entire research work is to introduce the seaweed protein against the humanTSHR protein using Insilico protocols. The translated amino acid sequence and three-dimensional chemical compound were taken from the NCBI database to perform drug docking procedures. In post-docking tests, advanced 3D molecular visualization capabilities were utilized. In post-docking tests, advanced 3D molecular visualization capabilities were utilized. The findings of the docking investigation indisputably demonstrate that amino acid mutational sites are directly suppressed by magnesium chelatase. The H-bond interaction between TSHR and magnesium chelatase is shown in three dimensions utilizing concepts from molecular dynamics techniques. Ultimately, we found that Ulva fasciata's pharmaceutical ingredient, magnesium chelatase, aids in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Hence, we finally conclude that one of the main endocrine hormonal problems is hypothyroidism, and our research serves to demonstrate how well the seaweed Ulva fasciata works as a unique medicinal agent to treat this disorder.

Recent Insights and Recommendations for Preventing Excessive Gestational Weight Gain.

Recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy are based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Pregnancy is a risk factor for excessive weight gain and many endocrine problems, making it difficult to return to pre-pregnancy weight and increasing the risk of postpartum obesity and, consequently, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Both excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and obesity are associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, shoulder dystocia, and neonatal macrosomia. In the long term, EGWG is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly from diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and some cancers. This study aims to present recommendations from various societies regarding weight gain during pregnancy, dietary guidance, and physical activity. In addition, we discuss the pathophysiology of this complication and the differential diagnosis in pregnant women with EGWG. According to our research, inadequate nutrition might contribute more significantly to the development of EGWG than insufficient physical activity levels in pregnant women. Telehealth systems seem to be a promising direction for future EGWG prevention by motivating women to exercise. Although the importance of adequate pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy is well known, an increasing number of women gain excessive weight during pregnancy.

Occurrence of high production volume chemicals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban sites close to industrial areas. Human exposure and risk assessment

Evaluating the occurrence of high production volume chemicals (HPVCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air is important because they carry a carcinogenic risk and can lead to respiratory or endocrine problems. Examples of HPVCs are organophosphate esters, benzosulfonamides, benzothiazoles, phthalate esters (PAEs), phenolic antioxidants and ultraviolet stabilizers. In this paper we develop a multi-residue method for determining HPVCs and PAHs in air samples via pressurized liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Air samples were collected by active sampling with high volume samplers using quartz fiber filter for the particulate matter (PM10) and polyurethane foams for gas phase. The compounds found at the highest concentrations were PAEs, with a concentration of up to 24 ng m−3 of DEHP in gas phase and up to 109 ng m−3 of DEHA in PM10. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment results ranged from 9.7E-05 to 9.5E-03 for most of the compounds studied. On the other hand, the results for carcinogenic risk showed that PAHs made the highest contribution.

Biochemical evaluation of thyroid hormone level in infertile women: A case control study

Introduction: Infertility in women is an important health problem which imposes psychological stress and affects the wellbeing of couples. Thyroid disorders is the most frequently encountered endocrine problem among the women in the age reproductive and it can lead to infertility and miscarriage. The objective of the study was to evaluate the thyroid hormone level in infertile women and compared to the healthy controls. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 50 infertile women (cases) and 50 fertile healthy women (controls). Thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and Anti-thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO) levels were estimated and compared between the cases and controls. Results: The mean TSH level was significantly higher in infertile women (cases) as compared controls (6.76±0.87 vs 2.54±0.12mIU/L; p=0.002).The prevalence of hypothyroidism among the infertile women in the present study was 28%. The anti-TPO antibody level was significantly higher was in infertile women as compared to controls (4.87±0.8 vs 2.32±0.05 IU/ml; p=0.000). In addition the number of positive Anti-TPO antibody cases was higher in infertile women as compared to controls (24% vs 4%; p=0.02). Conclusion: Therefore, women planning for pregnancy and infertile women must be evaluated for thyroid profile and if there are any abnormalities they should undergo proper treatment for better pregnancy outcome.

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ ПЕРВИЧНОГО ГИПЕРПАРАТИРЕОЗА

This paper reviews epidemiological data on primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). PHPT is an endocrine disease caused by a tumor or hyperplastic changes in the parathyroid glands (PTG); it leads to disturbances in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and can cause organ dysfunction. The results of epidemiological studies in various countries indicate an "epidemic" of PHPT at the end of the 20th century. Currently, PHPT ranks as the third endocrine problem in the world. Its prevalence is about 0.86-1% in people under 50 and 2% in people over 50. It was found that PHPT occurs more often in people aged 40-60 years, with an increase in the frequency of its detection after 25 years of age, especially in women after menopause. The review emphasizes the importance of PHPT, which represents a severe medical and social problem. Regular screening and the introduction of modern diagnostic methods play a vital role in the timely detection and management of PHPT, which is of great importance for improving patients' quality of life and preventing severe complications. When compiling the literature review, we used the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Medline, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka. The literature search was carried out using the following keywords: "epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism", "prevalence", "incidence", "normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism", "parathyroid gland", and "parathyroid hormone". The search identified more than 1070 scientific papers, from which 48 studies were selected. These studies cover the epidemiological aspects (incidence and prevalence) of PHPT conducted in various countries. The selection was done without considering each study's specific period and volume of observations. The selection process focused on studies using automated blood calcium analyzers to evaluate the impact of regular screening on the effectiveness of detecting PHPT. Works presenting both global and regional data were also included in the analysis. Studies that did not meet the established selection criteria were excluded. Keywords: Primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone, hypercalcemia, menopause, epidemiology.

Critical Review of Lipstick Toxicity with Reference to Dushivisha

Sthavara poison of plant origin Jangama poison of animal origin and Garavisha artificial poisoning are the three categories of poison according to Ayurveda. There is no distinct classification for the Dushivisha but according to Ayurveda it is either Sthavara Jangama or Krtrima visha. When following therapy it loses some of its potency but does not completely lose its effects. For this reason it is classified in this category. When a human is exposed for an extended length of time repeatedly cumulative poison which is weaker and less potent in its action accumulates within the tissues of the person. The most popular cosmetic item lipstick is made up of several different chemicals. The majority of lipsticks are mixtures of chemicals including petroleum paraffins phthalates lead and other hazardous metals coal tar colors and fragrance. Long-term lipstick usage results in direct ingestion or absorption of harmful chemicals into the body through mucosal membrane or oral cavity. After prolonged use these accumulated chemicals start to exert detrimental effects on the body. Thus continuous exposure can result in harmful effects on the brain system as well as endocrine problems allergies and skin irritants. Ayurveda refers to this kind of poisoning as a Dushivisha.

Relation between Obesity and High Fat Diet with Precocious Puberty in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between a high-fat diet and obesity with the prevalence of precocious puberty (PP) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at Children\'s Caregivers in Saudi Arabia between June and August, 2023. Data were collected through a pre-validated and translated self-administered electronic questionnaire among parents/caregivers and children diagnosed with PP. Results: A total of 149 participants (95 parents/caregivers and 54 children) were eligible for this study. Around 56.8% children diagnosed with PP were younger than 10 years. The common causes for PP were family history (33.7%), weight increase (20%), malnutrition (16.8%), pituitary gland diseases (23%), thyroid disorders (47.4%), and chronic diseases (9.5%). High-fat diet (68.1%; p = 0.049) and obesity (53.2%; p = 0.049) were the significant primary risk factors for early pubertal development. Other significant risk factors associated with PP were consumption of artificial foods (25.5%; p = 0.049) and pituitary gland diseases (45.7%; p = 0.049). Fast food (52.6%) was the leading food type consumed by children diagnosed with PP. Further, fried foods (47.4%), canned products (34.7%), flavoured juice and milk (36.8%), and homemade juice/milk (30.5%) were also associated with PP development due to obesity and a high-fat diet. Moreover, 25.3% participants had good knowledge about PP in children. Conclusion: This study showed that PP is a common endocrine problem in Saudi Arabia, with a poor understanding of its prevalence. The type of foods consumed and children\'s obese status were the significant and leading risk factors in PP prevalence.

Organochlorine Pesticides Remediation Techniques: Technological Perspective and Opportunities

Organochlorine pesticides have been widely used in agriculture to control agricultural pests. Although effective in controlling pests, organochlorine pesticides present numerous hazards to ecosystems and human health due to their persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Scientific studies have shown that organochlorines may be associated with endocrine and neurological problems. Several strategies have been developed to apply treatment techniques to remove pesticides from various ecosystems, both aquatic and terrestrial. Physicochemical and biological methods have revealed other potentialities for remediation of aqueous environments contaminated with organochlorine pesticides. In addition, combined processes using different approaches have been highlighted as efficient alternatives to mitigate the impacts of agrochemicals on the environment, e.g., physical technique followed by a biological process. However, there are still numerous gaps that need to be explored and elucidated. Therefore, this review addressed the impacts of organochlorine pesticides on ecosystems and some treatment techniques used to remove agrochemicals from water. Furthermore, new findings, technological perspectives, and opportunities on this subject were presented and discussed.

Management of endocrinological problems in children on home invasive mechanical ventilation.

Children with home invasive mechanical ventilation (HIMV) face numerous difficulties, including endocrine problems that can arise as a consequence of their condition. Endocrine problems seen in children treated with HIMV may develop due to the underlying disease, drugs used, or prolonged mechanical ventilation. This manuscript will review the most common endocrine problems encountered in children with HIMV, including problems in glucose metabolism, thyroid dysfunction, bone metabolism, adrenal dysfunctions, growth, and puberty. Close monitoring, multidisciplinary care, and regular assessments are essential to optimize the endocrine system functions of children requiring home mechanical ventilation. By understanding these complications, it can develop effective management strategies to optimize the health and well-being of these vulnerable individuals.

A Review in Changes in Lifestyle to Prevent PCOD and PCOS

Endocrine disorders that are common and impact a considerable section of the female population are Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Polycystic Ovary Disorder (PCOD). Lifestyle decisions are critical in the beginning and advancement of many conditions, even if hormonal and genetic factors play a part in their development. In order to prevent PCOD and PCOS, a thorough lifestyle modification approach is presented in this abstract along with its essential elements. Targeted dietary, exercise, stress-reduction, and sleep pattern modifications are all part of the suggested intervention. The key to controlling insulin levels and fostering hormonal balance is eating a well-balanced, nutrient-rich diet that emphasizes whole foods and minimizes processed carbohydrates and saturated fats. Frequent exercise is emphasized for the benefits it offers to managing weight, sensitivity to insulin, and general health. Techniques for reducing stress, including mindfulness and getting enough sleep, are essential to reducing the negative effects of long-term stress on hormone variations. The importance of good sleep hygiene is underscored by the connection between insulin resistance and hormonal dysregulation that accompany PCOD and PCOS, as well as insulin resistance. The abstract also discusses the significance of education and awareness campaigns to provide people the information they need to make wise lifestyle decisions. It is advised that public health programs be implemented to support early intervention, encourage better lifestyle choices, and lower the prevalence of PCOS and PCOD in the general population. In conclusion, by addressing food choices, physical exercise, stress management, and sleep hygiene, the suggested lifestyle modification strategy offers a comprehensive framework for preventing PCOD and PCOS. These adjustments, when combined with educational programs, have the potential to lower the incidence and severity of these prevalent endocrine problems, improving the health of women all over the world in the process.