Endocrine-metabolic Changes Research Articles

TO STUDY SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR THYROID DYSFUNCTION

Introduction: Babies with a birth weight and/or length below the 10th percentile of a population of the same gestational age are dened small-forgestational-age (SGA). Children born prematurely or small for gestational age are at a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction. Intrauterine growth retardation and the delivery of SGA infants may have a variety of reasons. This illness is characterised by several endocrine-metabolic changes and pathophysiological processes. It has been shown that there are greater rates of diseases including cardiovascular events, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and obesity. These changes may also have an impact on future health in infancy and adulthood. There aren't many research that compare the thyroid function of SGA and AGA neonates. For newborn plasma concentrations of T4 and TSH, contradictory ndings have been reported. The study was conducted to observe the relationship that the weight and/ Objective: or the gestational age plays on the thyroid function of the babies. This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care cent Materials And Methods: re. This study focused on the day 3 TSH, Ft4 value of the SGA babies compared with the AGA babies. Preterm and term Results: SGA babies had considerably lower blood T4 concentrations and higher TSH values as compared to AGA neonates (P=0.0001). SGA babies had a hi Conclusion: gher incidence of transient hypothyroidism and required accurate follow-up and close monitoring of thyroid function.

Application of a new ultrasound criterion for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.

ObjectiveTo define which ultrasound criteria could replace the classic Rotterdam criteria as the best indicator of the risk of developing endocrine–metabolic changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Materials and methodsThis multicenter cross-sectional study included 200 women with PCOS and one control group of 111 women without PCOS. The primary outcomes to be considered were follicular count, hirsutism, total testosterone levels, free androgen index (FAI), and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), and the secondary outcome was the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level.ResultsThe main finding in this study points toward a different ultrasound criterion—23 or more follicles of any size in at least one ovary, which is postulated as an alternative to the classic criterion described in the Rotterdam consensus. This criterion correlates better with the other two PCOS criteria and also identifies women at increased risk of hirsutism (Ferriman–Gallwey score: 6.08 ± 3.54 vs. 4.44 ± 3.75, p < 0.0001), total testosterone levels (2.24 ± 0.298 vs. 1.42 ± 1.530, p = 0.0001), FAI (4.85 ± 0.83 vs. 2.12 ± 1.93, p < 0.001), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: 1.74 ± 0.182 vs. 1.504 ± 0.230, p = 0.001) more accurately. Regarding AMH, large differences in their mean values were observed between the groups (7.07 vs. 4.846 ng/ml, p = 0.000). However, these differences depended on age.ConclusionThe ovarian ultrasound examination with 23 or more follicles of any size in any of the ovaries constitutes a powerful tool to accurately diagnose PCOS and to associate it with metabolic–endocrine processes such as hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance.

Study on the impact of the therapeutic swimming on elderly women diagnosed with osteoporosis

Introduction The adult woman has a complex of endocrine metabolic changes that can influence and cause various disorders in the body regarding the decrease of functional and regulatory ca-pacities. The involuntary changes in a woman's aging highlight both the appearance and the functionality. In this sense, we intend to conduct a study on morphological changes, parameters that represent risk factors in the development of osteoporosis. Studies by Kanis (1) and Munshi (2) show that maintaining adequate bone mass as well as ensuring adequate muscle tone can prevent osteoporosis, and a pronounced incidence of the onset and development of chronic de-generative pathologies can promote fractures. Material and method. In connection with the elu-cidation of this aspect, we will use the Frax estimation method, which is based on the introduc-tion of values obtained from medical evaluations. Regarding the study, we propose to the sub-jects a therapeutic swimming program to avoid the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. Results and discussions. Regarding the field of factors favoring the estimation of a fracture in the items regarding cortisone treatments, alcohol consumption, digestive problems, minor traumas, the investigated subjects answered with No 100%.In order to obtain objective results, the study will continue for a period of 1 year, the intermediate tests will be performed after 4 months from the beginning of the work program and at the same time the program will undergo changes, de-pending on the results obtained from the evaluations. Conclusions. The implementation of this water exercise program will lead to adaptive changes in the direction of limiting the unevolu-tionary processes of senescence. Keywords: elderly women; osteoporosis; estimate; physical activity, therapeutic swimming

Gallic acid reverses ovarian disturbances in mice with letrozole-induced PCOS via modulating Adipo R1 expression

Research questionWomen are increasingly suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Its pathophysiology is still unknown, though. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how gallic acid affected the pathophysiology of the ovary in an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome. We also showed the potential mechanism of adiponectin involvement in endocrine metabolic changes in PCOS mice and the function of adiponectin, which appear to be frequent factors in PCOS. DesignEighteen adult female Parkes strain mice (Age: 4–5 weeks) having body weight of 16–21 g were separated into three groups at random with 6 animals in each group as follows: Group I serving the control, received water and normal diet for 81 days; group II received oral gavage administration of letrozole (LETZ)(6 mg/kg b.w.daily), which was dissolved in 0.9 % NaCl solution for 21 days for the induction of PCOS and left untreated for 60 days; Group III received oral gavage administration of LETZ (6 mg/kg) for first 21 days followed by the administration of gallic acid (GA) (75 mg/kg b.w. orally daily) for 60 days. ResultsWe found LETZ-treated mice experienced PCOS-like symptoms, including increased Serum testosterone, LH/FSH ratio, body and ovarian weight, blood glucose, serum insulin levels and inflammatory Cytokines. We also found decreased serum estrogen, oxidant capacity and enzyme activity and altered ovarian cytoarchitecture, with multiple cysts apart from irregular estrous cycle. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels CYP11a, CYP19a1, Kitl, PTGS2 and Adipo R1 were decreased. Furthermore, LETZ-induced PCOS mice when treated with GA we observed decrease in testosterone, LH, LH/FSH ratio, blood glucose, serum insulin and inflammatory cytokines. GA treatment in PCOS mice also increased estrogen levels, and oxidant capacity as well as enzyme activity. Furthermore mRNA expression levels of CYP11a1, CYP19a1, KITL, PTGS2 and Adipo R1 were also increased in LETZ+GA treated mice. These changes were linked to lower levels of circulating adiponectin and were altered when the mice were administered with gallic acid. ConclusionGallic acid might be a potential therapy in treating PCOS by regulating endocrine and metabolic abnormalities that are brought on by a drop in adiponectin levels along with hyperandrogenism. Additionally, adiponectin seems to be a frequent factor in PCOS. In addition to reducing inflammation-related comorbidities linked to LETZ-induced PCOS, GA enhances mRNA expression levels CYP11a, CYP19a1, Kitl and PTGS2 and hence reduces endocrine and metabolic abnormalities.

The use of multimodal low-opioid anesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in conditions of artificial blood circulation.

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death worldwide, and according to experts, they will continue to dominate the structure of global mortality.AimThe effectiveness of the multimodal low-opioid anesthesia technique in performing coronary artery bypass graft operations with artificial blood circulation.Material and methodsNinety-six patients aged 61.8 ±10.4 years underwent coronary artery bypass grafting under artificial blood circulation. Group I: propofol, sevoflurane, fentanyl, pipecuronium bromide (standard doses). Group II: dexketoprofen trometamol (50 mg), intravenous lidocaine (1% – 1 mg/kg bolus) and continuous lidocaine infusion (1.5–2 mg/kg/h), propofol, ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), magnesia sulfate, minimal doses of fentanyl.ResultsAverage duration of anesthesia – 257.4 ±19.1 min; assisted blood circulation – 55 ±10 min. Mean dose of fentanyl in group I – 4.66 ±1.58 µg/kg/h, in group II – 1.29 ±0.32 µg/kg/h.Standard lab values and stress hormonal changes were within the normal range (mean cortisol: 479.3 ±26.4 nmol/l, lactate 1.61 ±0.2 mmol/l, glucose 6.42 ±0.9 mmol/l). Changes in heart rate within group I had a significant amplitude of dynamics, while in group II, these values were relatively at the same level throughout the entire anesthetic provision. Mean arterial pressure changes in group I were characterized by a significant reduction at the stage of induction, support and sternum reduction, whereas in group II it was relatively at the same level during the entire anesthetic management and significantly differed from baseline only at the stage of induction.ConclusionsMultimodal low-opioid anesthesia during coronary artery bypass surgery with artificial blood circulation allows one to ensure adequate analgesia and avoid the intraoperative usage of routine doses of fentanyl, as indicated by the absence of hemodynamic and endocrine-metabolic changes.

Cacao extract enriched in polyphenols prevents endocrine-metabolic disturbances in a rat model of prediabetes triggered by a sucrose rich diet

Cocoa extracts rich in polyphenols are used as potential agent for treating diabetes. Cocoa polyphenols have been proved to ameliorate important hallmarks of type-2 diabetes (T2D). They can regulate glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion, promoting β-cell proliferation and a reduction of insulin resistance. In addition, epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases the incidence of T2D. T2D is preceded by a prediabetic state in which the endocrine-metabolic changes described in T2D are already present. Since epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases its incidence, we evaluated possible preventive effects of polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract on a model of prediabetes induced by sucrose. We determined circulating parameters and insulin sensitivity indexes, liver protein carbonyl groups and reduced glutathione, liver mRNA expression levels of lipogenic enzymes, expression of different pro-inflammatory mediators, fructokinase activity and liver glycogen content. For that, radioimmunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, spectrophotometry, and immunohistochemistry were used. We demonstrated that sucrose administration triggered hypertriglyceridemia, insulin-resistance, and liver increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers compared to control rats. Additionally, we found an increase in glycogen deposit, fructokinase activity, and lipogenic genes expression (SREBP-1c, FAS and GPAT) together with a decrease in P-Akt and P-eNOS protein content (P < 0.05). Sucrose-induced insulin resistance, hepatic carbohydrate and lipid dysmetabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation were effectively disrupted by polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract (PECE) co-administration (P < 0.05). Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective and complementary tool for preventing or reverting T2D at an early stage of its development (prediabetes).

Evaluating the effectiveness of multimodal low – opioid anesthesia during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

The work is devoted to research of the effectiveness of the application of low-opioid anesthesia during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The examinations included 32 patients who, on the basis of the State Institution “Heart Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) under conditions of artificial blood circulation (CI) using the multimodal low-anesthetic technique. The average age of the patients was 69,5 ± 6,2 years, the average weight - 89,6 ± 13,9 kg. As a result of the research, it was determined that the multimodal low-opioid method of anesthesia is effective and provides an adequate analgesic effect, it allows refusing the intraoperative usage of routine doses of fentanyl in the performance of highly traumatic operations, as indicated by the absence of hemodynamic and endocrine-metabolic changes. This technique did not affect the dynamics of cardiospecific enzymes, nor was there any negative dynamics on the ECG, which indicated the absence of a coronary – constrictor effect of this method of anesthesia.

Circulating FGF19 and FGF21 surge in early infancy from infra- to supra-adult concentrations.

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and 21 (FGF21) have been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes in adults. We assessed the circulating concentrations of these factors in human neonates and infants, and their association with the endocrine-metabolic changes associated to prenatal growth restraint. Circulating FGF19 and FGF21, selected hormones (insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and high- molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin) and body composition (absorptiometry) were assessed longitudinally in 44 infants born appropriate- (AGA) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Measurements were performed at 0, 4 and 12 months in AGA infants; at 0 and 4 months in SGA infants; and cross-sectionally in 11 first-week AGA newborns. Circulating FGF19 and FGF21 surged >10-fold in early infancy from infra- to supra-adult concentrations, the FGF19 surge appearing slower and more pronounced than the FGF21 surge. Whereas the FGF21 surge was of similar magnitude in AGA and SGA infants, FGF19 induction was significantly reduced in SGA infants. In AGA and SGA infants, cord-blood FGF21 and serum FGF19 at 4 months showed a positive correlation with HMW adiponectin (r=0.49, P=0.013; r=0.43, P=0.019, respectively). Our results suggest that these early FGF19 and FGF21 surges are of a physiological relevance that warrants further delineation and that may extend beyond infancy.

Psychopathological aspects of kidney transplantation: Efficacy of a multidisciplinary team.

Renal transplantation is a well established treatment for end-stage renal disease, allowing most patients to return to a satisfactory quality of life. Studies have identified many problems that may affect adaptation to the transplanted condition and post-operative compliance. The psychological implications of transplantation have important consequences even on strictly physical aspects. Organ transplantation is very challenging for the patient and acts as an intense stressor stimulus to which the patient reacts with neurotransmitter and endocrine-metabolic changes. Transplantation can result in a psychosomatic crisis that requires the patient to mobilize all bio-psycho-social resources during the process of adaptation to the new foreign organ which may result in an alteration in self-representation and identity, with possible psychopathologic repercussions. These reactions are feasible in mental disorders, e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, and psychosomatic disorders. In organ transplantation, the fruitful collaboration between professionals with diverse scientific expertise, calls for both a guarantee for mental health and greater effectiveness in challenging treatments for a viable association between patients, family members and doctors. Integrated and multidisciplinary care should include uniform criteria and procedures for standard assessments, for patient autonomy, adherence to therapy, new coping strategies and the adoption of more appropriate lifestyles.

Some considerations about the consensus document “Detection of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women: Universal screening is justified”

Cocoa extracts rich in polyphenols are used as potential agent for treating diabetes. Cocoa polyphenols have been proved to ameliorate important hallmarks of type-2 diabetes (T2D). They can regulate glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion, promoting β-cell proliferation and a reduction of insulin resistance. In addition, epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases the incidence of T2D.T2D is preceded by a prediabetic state in which the endocrine-metabolic changes described in T2D are already present. Since epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases its incidence, we evaluated possible preventive effects of polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract on a model of prediabetes induced by sucrose.We determined circulating parameters and insulin sensitivity indexes, liver protein carbonyl groups and reduced glutathione, liver mRNA expression levels of lipogenic enzymes, expression of different pro-inflammatory mediators, fructokinase activity and liver glycogen content. For that, radioimmunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, spectrophotometry, and immunohistochemistry were used.We demonstrated that sucrose administration triggered hypertriglyceridemia, insulin-resistance, and liver increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers compared to control rats. Additionally, we found an increase in glycogen deposit, fructokinase activity, and lipogenic genes expression (SREBP-1c, FAS and GPAT) together with a decrease in P-Akt and P-eNOS protein content (P < 0.05). Sucrose-induced insulin resistance, hepatic carbohydrate and lipid dysmetabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation were effectively disrupted by polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract (PECE) co-administration (P < 0.05).Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective and complementary tool for preventing or reverting T2D at an early stage of its development (prediabetes).

The G894T polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and the endocrine-metabolic changes in metabolic syndrome: a romanian case-control study

the G894T polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and the endocrine-metabolic changes in metabolic syndrome: a romanian case-control study

Aspectos da função tireóidea em lactentes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea (CEC) relaciona-se à doença eutireóidea ou à depressão do eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário-tireóideo. O estado hemodinâmico incomum imposto pela CEC é responsável por diversas alterações endócrino-metabólicas, acarretando complexa resposta inflamatória sistêmica. Esta investigação teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento da triiodotironina (T3), tetraiodotironina (T4) e tireotrofina (TSH) em lactentes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com CEC. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 15 lactentes. As amostras de sangue para pesquisa de T3, T4 e TSH foram obtidas em 4 momentos designados: M1 - após a indução da anestesia; M2 - após o final da cirurgia; M3 - 6 horas após o final da cirurgia e M4 - 24 horas após o M1. Para complementar esta investigação, foram estudadas as variações dos seguintes parâmetros: pressão arterial média (PAM), temperatura sangüínea central (ºC), atributos da oxigenação tecidual e do equilíbrio ácido-base (M1, CEC, M2, M3 e M4). RESULTADOS: As médias de idade, peso, altura e superfície corpórea dos pacientes foram 3,9 meses; 4,708 kg; 0,65 m e 0,3 m², respectivamente. As concentrações plasmáticas de T3 (p < 0,0001), T4 (p < 0,0001) e TSH (p = 0,0021) variaram significativamente durante o período estudado, sendo que as de T3 declinaram progressivamente. As menores taxas de T3 e T4 coincidiram com as maiores de Ht e Hb, descartando os efeitos da hemodiluição. As maiores concentrações séricas de TSH demonstraram a provável reação do eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário-tireóideo aos efeitos da hipotermia e da absorção maciça pelo iodo (uso tópico de soluções anti-sépticas). Foram identificados aspectos da "Síndrome do T3 baixo" em todos os momentos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: Foram observadas alterações nas concentrações séricas de T3, T4 e TSH em lactentes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea.

Effects of acetyl-salicylate used in post-calving of dairy cows.

High yielding dairy cows are particularly vulnerable, during the transition period, to any event able to stimulate the immune system (viruses, bacteria, many kind of stress, endotoxins, trauma, etc.). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-1, IL-6, TNFa), mainly released from monocyte-macrophage cells, are the common mediators of these events. Cytokines are able to activate other cellules like those of hypothalamus, liver, reproductive organs etc. (Elsasser et al., 1997). As previously stressed (Bertoni et al., 2000; Trevisi et al., 2002), the consequent endocrine-metabolic changes can cause marked negative effects: anorexia, lipomobilization, reduction of milk yield and reproductive traits. Therefore, the modulation of cytokine release and/or the inhibition of some related effects could represent a noticeable target in the transition period. The aim of our study concerned the evaluation of the effects of a preventive administration of a well-known anti-inflammatory drug (acetyl-salicylate, able to inhibit both cyclooxygenases – COX-1 and COX-2 – the key enzymes of inflammatory response) in post-calving dairy cows.

Multimodal Approach to Control Postoperative Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation

Major surgery is still associated with undesirable sequelae such as pain, cardiopulmonary, infective and thromboembolic complications, cerebral dysfunction, nausea and gastrointestinal paralysis, fatigue and prolonged convalescence. The key pathogenic factor in postoperative morbidity, excluding failures of surgical and anaesthetic technique, is the surgical stress response with subsequent increased demands on organ function. These changes in organ function are thought to be mediated by trauma-induced endocrine metabolic changes and activation of several biological cascade systems (cytokines, complement, arachidonic acid metabolites, nitric oxide, free oxygen radicals, etc). To understand postoperative morbidity it is therefore necessary to understand the pathophysiological role of the various components of the surgical stress response and to determine if modification of such responses may improve surgical outcome. While no single technique or drug regimen has been shown to eliminate postoperative morbidity and mortality, multimodal interventions may lead to a major reduction in the undesirable sequelae of surgical injury with improved recovery and reduction in postoperative morbidity and overall costs.

Prophylaxis against postoperative complications in gastroenterology.

Gastrointestinal surgery results in pain, profound endocrine metabolic changes and organ dysfunction, immunosuppression and decreased resistance to infection, fatigue and convalescence. The main pathogenetic mechanism is the surgical stress response, which may be reduced by minimal invasive (laparoscopic) surgical techniques and afferent neural and perhaps humoral mediator blockade. Subsequently, these techniques have been documented as reducing a variety of postoperative morbidity parameters. A unifying concept for control of the postoperative period is presented as a combined effort to enhance preoperative information, stress reduction and sufficient functional pain relief allowing early mobilization and oral nutrition. Preliminary data, in combination with laparoscopic surgery, suggest that this approach improves outcome significantly.

Effect of analgesic treatment on the physiological consequences of acute pain

Physiological responses to acute pain are described, and the effects of different analgesic techniques on these responses are discussed. The body's response to acute pain can cause adverse physiological effects. Pain can impede the return of normal pulmonary function, modify certain aspects of the stress response to injury, and alter hemodynamic values and cardiovascular function. It can produce immobility and contribute to thromboembolic complications. In addition, pain can slow a patient's recovery from surgery and contribute to increased morbidity. Fewer pulmonary complications occur when adequate analgesia is provided through the use of epidural narcotics and local anesthetics, particularly if the injury or surgery involves the lower part of the body. Continuous morphine infusions, intercostal nerve blocks, and transcutaneous electrical stimulation do not alter the frequency of pulmonary complications. The effectiveness of patient-controlled analgesia in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications is still not known. Epidural local anesthetic therapy inhibits the stress response, particularly in operations involving the lower abdomen or extremities; this technique is less effective during major abdominal procedures. Suppression of endocrine-metabolic changes following lower abdominal surgery requires neural block to the fourth thoracic segment. Epidural narcotics partially inhibit the stress response after lower abdominal or extremity surgery but not after upper abdominal or thoracic surgery. Local anesthetics applied to the surgical site, intercostal nerve blocks, and intrapleural and intraperitoneal administration also do not modify the stress response. Adequate analgesia through the use of local anesthetics and narcotics postoperatively generally results in improved cardiovascular function, decreased pulmonary morbidity and mortality, earlier ambulation, and decreased likelihood of deep vein thrombosis. Some data suggest that improved patient outcome occurs with adequate analgesia. Block of afferent and efferent neural pathways by local anesthetics seems to be the most effective analgesic modality in lessening the physiologic response to pain and injury.

The use of glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for preventive postsurgical pain relief

Summary For many years surgical pain has been wrongly considered as a minor prejudice. Surgery produces pain, inflammatory reaction and endocrine-metabolic changes known as the surgical ‘stress response’. These disorders are intimately interrelated and therefore adequate pain treatment is important. It will improve the patient's outcome by reducing the inflammatory reaction and the endocrine-metabolic changes. The advent of locoregional anaesthesia techniques and the discovery of morphine receptors in the spinal cord has been a real breakthrough, but proper postsurgical pain management still encounters problems related to efficacy, safety and practical execution. Recently new concepts about pain relief have arisen. In terms of efficacy, pre-emptive treatment of postoperative pain is essential. Furthermore, combined use of drugs and/or methods seems more likely to achieve the best results. Despite the popularity of spinal opioids for pain relief other drugs are still needed. NSAIDs are known to produce their effects by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. They have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore it seems logical that these drugs could play an important role in a highly inflammatory event such as a operation. Recent comprehensive studies have shown that NSAIDs could be of great use in postoperative pain relief after major surgery. Provided they are used preventively and in combination with opioids, they increase the duration and the quality of the analgesia. They also reduce the need for opioids (by about 30%). The fear of side-effects should not limit their use in the surgical patient, but precautionary measures should be taken into consideration in high risk patients. Steroids are also very potent anti-inflammatory drugs. Intravenous or peridural administration seems to have analgesic effects. The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but clinical results are impressive. When low doses of morphine (1 to 1.5 mg) combined with methylprednisolone (80 mg) are administered by the peridural route, 80% of all patients are pain free during the 3 days following surgery. Postoperative tiredness is reduced. The literature reveals accidents due to the spinal injection of corticoids, but only when administered intrathecally, repeatedly and/or using long-acting, preservative-containing drugs. No incidents have been reported using a preservative-free corticoid for a short period and injected into the peridural space. Further studies are necessary to determine the validity of this association. However, a 6-year long successful experience in more than 4000 patients and in all types of surgery, using a low dose of morphine (1 to 1.5 mg) with methylprednisolone (80 mg and thereafter 15 mg per bolus) injected into the peridural space, justifies further investigation.

Biophysical and endocrine-metabolic changes during menopausal hot flashes: increase in plasma free fatty acid and norepinephrine levels.

Thermocutaneous, vascular, metabolic and hormonal changes were investigated during 11 hot flashes from 6 postmenopausal women. The first detectable change was an increase in finger blood flow with a concomitant enhancement of skin conductance. The increase in skin conductance was followed rapidly by a sharp rise in finger temperature. The main endocrine-metabolic changes associated with the above phenomena were a sharp increase in plasma free fatty acids (approximately 65%), norepinephrine (approximately 100%) and LH (approximately 20%) levels. Plasma glucose and cortisol tended to be increased but did not reach statistical significance; on the other hand, plasma insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine and dopamine remained unchanged.

Hepatic fine structure in young and aging rats treated with oxandrolone: a morphometric study

Hepatic fine structural alterations induced by shortterm administration of the hypolipidemic drug oxandrolone were evaluated using morphometric techniques. These changes are described in the livers of normolipidemic young adult and hyperlipidemic retired breeder male rats. Retired breeder rats, characterized by hyperlipidemia and a high incidence of arteriosclerosis, are thought to undergo premature aging. A previous morphometric study has shown that the hepatocytes of retired breeder rats are larger, contain a greater volume fraction of lysosomes, and have significantly less smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum than those of young adult rats. However, after oxandrolone administration, the livers of these two animal groups were no longer distinguishable on the basis of these morphometric parameters. Unlike a number of other hypolipidemic drugs, oxandrolone does not induce a marked proliferation of hepatic microbodies. The effect of oxandrolone on the livers of prematurely aging rats suggests that the age-related fine structural changes are not the result of irreversible alterations in the genome or translation-transcription apparatus but may actually represent secondary reactions to extrahepatic and/or endocrine metabolic changes. The relationship between (1) aging and hyperlipidemia and (2) aging and the reduced hepatic capacity to metabolize drugs suggest a need to evaluate the effects of lipid-lowering drugs on the livers of old as well as young animal models.

Food intake in hypothalamic obesity

ARTICLESFood intake in hypothalamic obesityJK Goldman, LL Bernardis, and LA FrohmanJK GoldmanSearch for more papers by this author, LL BernardisSearch for more papers by this author, and LA FrohmanSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:01 Jul 1974https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.227.1.88MoreSectionsPDF (1022 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByThe Potential Role of Activating the ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel in the Treatment of Hyperphagic Obesity21 April 2020 | Genes, Vol. 11, No. 4Hyperinsulinemia: a Cause of Obesity?2 May 2017 | Current Obesity Reports, Vol. 6, No. 2Locomotor activity and utilization of energy reserves during fasting after ventromedial hypothalamic lesionsPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 58, No. 2The synthesis of melanin-concentrating hormone is stimulated by ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in the rat lateral hypothalamus: a time-course studyNeuropeptides, Vol. 28, No. 5Activation of the rat melanin-concentrating hormone neurons by ventromedial hypothalamic lesionsNeuropeptides, Vol. 27, No. 3The Companionship of Lean and FatThe Companionship of Lean and Fat: Some Lessons from Body Composition StudiesHypothalamic obesity: Comparison of radio-frequency and electrolytic lesions in weanling ratsPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 45, No. 1Glucocorticoids and hypothalamic obesityNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 12, No. 1The effect of mazindol on insulin and glucagon secretion in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic obesity Biomedical Research, Vol. 9, No. 1The dorso-lateral recess of the hypothalamic ventricle in neonatal ratsCell and Tissue Research, Vol. 250, No. 1The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in heart muscle in the previously obese mouse modelBioscience Reports, Vol. 6, No. 12Hyperphagia: A Necessary Precondition to Obesity?Appetite, Vol. 6, No. 2Regulation of Energy Balance in the Golden HamsterThe development of obesity in animals: The role of dietary factorsClinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 13, No. 3Effects of oral and parenteral quinine on rats with ventromedial hypothalamic knife-cut obesityMetabolism, Vol. 33, No. 6The Handling of Glucose and Insulin Response before and after Weight Loss with Jejuno-ileal Bypass: A Preliminary Report2 July 2016 | Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Vol. 7, No. 3Thermogenic Responses Induced by Nutrients in Man: Their Importance in Energy Balance RegulationThe role of vagally-mediated hyperinsulinemia in hypothalamic obesityNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 6, No. 2Intragastric pair feeding fails to prevent VMH obesity or hyperinsulinemiaJ. 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