End Of Ridge Research Articles

Morphometric Analysis of Petrous Bone With Emphasis on Landmarks Utilized in Lateral Skull Base Approaches.

Background The petrous part of the temporal bone plays a crucial role in various cranial surgical approaches, particularly those involving the middle cranial fossa. Understanding the morphometry of this region is essential for minimizing intraoperative risks and enhancing surgical outcomes. This study aims to provide a detailed morphometric analysis of the petrous bone and its anatomical landmarks in an Indian population, addressing a gap in the literature. Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy andForensic Medicine and Toxicology and involved 100 heads of unclaimed adult bodies that underwent post-mortem examination. Detailed morphometric measurements were taken using ImageJsoftware(National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD), focusing on landmarks critical for surgical approaches: the width of the trigeminal ganglion (TG), distances from the medial surface of the posterior root of the zygoma to TG (A), the lateral end of the petrous ridge to TG (B), the arcuate eminence to TG (C), the facial nerve hiatus to TG (D), the foramen spinosum to TG (E), the foramen ovale to TG (F), the superior margin of the internal acoustic meatus to the petrous ridge (G), the lateral end of the petrous ridge to the hiatus for the greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN) (H), the foramen spinosum to the foramen ovale (I), and the foramen spinosum to the lateral wall of the middle cranial fossa (J). Data were statistically analyzed using paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results Significant differences were observed between the left and right sides for several measurements. The width of the TG averaged 13.57 ± 1.53 mm on the left and 14.20 ± 2.09 mm on the right (p = 0.029). Distances from the medial surface of the posterior root of the zygoma to TG (A) were 33.30 ± 6.26 mm (left) and 33.40 ± 5.52 mm (right) (p = 0.001). The lateral end of the petrous ridge to TG (B) measured 37.90 ± 5.72 mm (left) and 40.30 ± 3.35 mm (right) (p = 0.000). Other significant differences included distances from the arcuate eminence to TG (C), which were 28.50 ± 4.20 mm on the left and 29.60 ± 4.31 mm on the right (p = 0.001); the hiatus for the GSPN to TG (D), which were 11.00 ± 1.00 mm on the left and 10.70 ± 0.81 mm on the right (p = 0.003); and the foramen spinosum to TG (E), which were 12.60 ± 2.24 mm on the left and 11.60 ± 1.92 mm on the right (p = 0.001). Conclusion In summary, this study presents an in-depth morphometric analysis of important landmarks in the petrous bone, revealing notable differences between the left and right sides. These results emphasize the crucial variability that should be considered when planning surgeries involving the middle and posterior cranial fossa.

Forensic Fingerprint Analysis

Fingerprint evidence found at crime scenes provides vital impressions left when these skin secretions touch surfaces clues in serial criminal investigations. A fingerprint identification system employing deep machine learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) could automate the analysis process. Images obtained from various physical and chemical crime scene investiga2tion techniques are entered into the database. However, partial latent prints lifted from scenes are often difficult to classify. The system operates in three phases: preprocessing fingerprint images, feature extraction, and matching. Preprocessing enhances image quality before feature extraction identifies distinctive minutiae points - ridge endings and bifurcations. False minutiae removal further refines the data. The preprocessed fingerprint data serves as input to train and test the CNN model. As the system persist due to the immutable individuality of fingerprint ridge arrangements [5]. While criminals attempt concealment, fingerprint traces stubbornly remain where other evidence would dissipate [6]. Without these durable biometric markers, crime scenes would often lack the critical traces needed to connect acts to perpetrators [7]. Latent prints lifted from crime scenes first undergo photographic documentation and chemical enhancement techniques in order to visualize trace details [8]. Computer analysis then further improves clarity, isolating minute identifying features known as minutiae [9]. Algorithmic extraction of differentiating traits classifies new latent prints, it continuously incorporates the prints enables training of automated comparison systems using along with confirmed suspect identity matches to improve accuracy. Automated classification and matching facilitate identification. The approach scales as the database grows in size without proportionate growth in human effort. Rapid fingerprint evidence analysis accelerates investigations, potentially solving more crimes by linking serial cases through a central digital repository. I aimed to restate the key technical ideas and flow using alternative vocabulary and phrasing while preserving semantic meaning. Please let me know if you need any clarification or have additional requirements for rephrasing the passage.

MINUTIA EXTRACTOR AND MINUTIA MATCHER BASED FINGER PRINT RECOGNITION USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

The MATLAB code presents a user-friendly graphical interface for fingerprint recognition and verification. Through this interface, users can load fingerprint images and execute a series of image processing tasks aimed at enhancing image quality and extracting crucial features. Operations such as histogram equalization, FFT enhancement, binarization, and thinning are available to optimize the fingerprint images for analysis. The system facilitates minutia extraction, identifying significant points like ridge endings and bifurcations, which are fundamental for fingerprint matching. Moreover, it includes functionalities for removing spurious minutiae, thereby improving the accuracy of the recognition process. Users can save and load fingerprint templates, streamlining the storage and retrieval of extracted features for matching purposes. Additionally, the system supports fingerprint matching, allowing users to compare templates and determine their similarity or match percentage. This versatile tool finds applications in biometric authentication systems, forensic analysis, and security domains, where robust fingerprint recognition and verification are imperative. Overall, the MATLAB code provides a comprehensive framework encapsulated within a user-friendly interface, offering researchers and practitioners a valuable resource for fingerprint analysis and biometric authentication. Keywords : Fingerprint recognition, GUI (Graphical User Interface), Security systems, Access control, Forensic analysis, User-friendly

Effect of different framework materials on stresses induced in distal extension removable partial dentures: A strain gauge analysis.

Evaluation of the strain transmitted to the abutments and residual ridge by polyetherketoneketone material compared to the cobalt-chromium one in distal extension removable partial dentures (RPDs) to fulfill the objective of preservation of the supporting structures. A virtual model simulating a Kennedy class I partially edentulous mandibular arch was designed. Two models, one for each group, were printed. Five RPDs were made in each group. In group CR, the framework was milled from a cobalt-chromium alloy. While in group PK, it was milled from a polyetherketoneketone blank. Strain gauge rosettes were bonded distal to the last abutment and posteriorly in the distal end of the residual ridge. Unilateral vertical and oblique loadings were applied. Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter-group comparisons while the Friedman test was used for intra-group comparisons and corrected by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Sum. The significance level was set at p≤0.05. During unilateral vertical load application, a statistically significant difference was found between both groups distal to the abutment in the loaded and unloaded sides as well as the residual ridge on the unloaded side. During oblique load application, a statistically significant difference was found between both groups in all slots. Polyetherketoneketone material induces less stress on the abutments and more stress on the residual ridges compared to the cobalt-chromium ones. Therefore, it may be recommended for weak abutments supporting RPDs.

TEXTURE BASED FINGER PRINT IDENTIFICATION

In recent days , many digital finger print image based identification applications are used widely for human identity . Finger print features like minutiae (ridge lines, bifurcation, ridge ending) delta point, core point, texture patterns of ridges and valleys etc., are used for finger print identification. Reliable finger print identification system uses the finger print features to provide higher accuracy . Many finger print identification systems have been proposed based on minutiae , ridge lines. But these systems performance are not effective as compared to texture based methods. In this article , significance of feature extraction techniques , various texture based finger print identification methods are investigated and analysed . Limitations of minutiae, , and based identification systems are discussed. Also how effective the texture based identification systems are discussed. A comparative analysis of experimental results of various methods of finger print identification is done. This paper is concluded with the finding of appropriate method of texture based feature extraction for effective identity authentication. Keywords : Finger print feature, Texture feature, feature extraction, ridges, finger print recognition.

Multi-region minutiae depth value-based efficient forged finger print analysis.

The application of biometrics has expanded the wings to many domains of application. However, various biometric features are being used in different security systems; the fingerprints have their own merits as it is more distinct. A different algorithm has been discussed earlier to improve the security and analysis of fingerprints to find forged ones, but it has a deficiency in expected performance. A multi-region minutiae depth value (MRMDV) based finger analysis algorithm has been presented to solve this issue. The image that is considered as input has been can be converted into noisy free with the help of median and Gabor filters. Further, the quality of the image is improved by sharpening the image. Second, the preprocessed image has been divided into many tiny images representing various regions. From the regional images, the features of ridge ends, ridge bifurcation, ridge enclosure, ridge dot, and ridge island. The multi-region minutiae depth value (MRMDV) has been computed based on the features which are extracted. The test image which has a similarity to the test image is estimated around MRMDV value towards forgery detection. The MRMDV approach produced noticeable results on forged fingerprint detection accuracy up to 98% with the least time complexity of 12 seconds.

Versatile deep red-emitting SrCeO3: Eu3+ nanopowders for display devices and advanced forensic applications

In the present study, simple solution combustion technique was employed to prepare SrCeO3 nanopowders (NPs) doped with europium ions (Eu3+) in the presence of citric acid as fuel. Various analytical techniques were utilized to explore the detailed characterization of prepared SrCeO3:Eu3+ (1–9 mol%) nanopowders. The prepared NPs showed an orthorhombic (Pmna) structure confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrographs confirmed the presence of emerging needle-like structures. Furthermore, the average particle size was evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and it was found to be ∼56 nm. The diffused reflectance spectra (DRS) results indicated that the energy band gap values ranged between 3.36 and 4.00 eV with a calculated refractive index varying from 0.76 to 1.34. The Photoluminescence studies were carried out for all the prepared NPs. Among the observed peaks, four prominent emission peaks centred at 540 nm (5D0→7F0), 555 nm (5D1→7F2) 592 nm (5D0→7F1), and 612 nm (5D0→7F2) were observed under 469 nm (7F0→5D2) excitation wavelength with a dominating electric dipole transition 5D0→7F2, confirming with dipole-dipole transition. Further, the colour properties of the prepared NPs were studied by means of chromaticity plots. Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) diagram reveals the red emission of the prepared NPs with coordinates (0.63, 0.34), the calculated colour temperature (CCT) was found to be ∼2326 K, and average quantum efficiency was found to be ∼46%. The obtained fingerprint results acknowledge the detection of three levels of ridge patterns viz., central arch, ridge end (type-I), bifurcation, cross over (type-II), and sweat pores (type-III). All the obtained results recommend using prepared nanopowders in fabricating display devices as an efficient red component and in advanced forensic applications.

(Invited) Exploitation of Electron Transfer Reactions for Latent Fingerprint Visualization: Fundamental Concepts and Technology Transfer

A fingerprint is a unique time-invariant attribute of an individual and is the most frequent physical evidence used to identify a suspect in a criminal investigation. An image of the fingerprint left on a surface by the transfer of material between the fingertip and the surface can establish contact between the individual and an object (e.g. weapon) or a fixed location (crime scene). In practice, most marks are so-called latent (non-visible) fingermarks that require chemical treatment to generate a visible image. This presentation describes the contribution of electron transfer reactions (redox processes) to this endeavor and reveals the variety of reaction type, reagent materials, and substrate surfaces.The key to a successful fingermark reagent is the facility to deliver it with high spatial selectivity to either the deposited residue (representing ridges on the finger) or the bare substrate (representing furrows on the finger), such that there is visual contrast between the ridge and furrow areas. The lateral (horizontal) patterning of so-called second level features (such as ridge endings, crossovers and bifurcations) is the basis of the identification. Superficially, the distance scale is macroscopic (ridge width ca. 100 mm), but the aspiration of a suitably sharp image involves so-called third level detail at the mesoscopic level (ridge edge shape resolution ca. 1 mm). However, this lateral image quality requires vertical control of reagent deposition at the nanoscale. Here we explore how latent fingermark visualization can be accomplished by controlled molecular mechanisms involving metallic and polymeric materials.Two established (but previously poorly mechanistically understood) metal deposition processes are physical developer (PD) and multi-metal deposition (MMD). PD involves redox generation of silver nanoparticles that deposit selectively on fingermark residue on paper substrates (e.g., documents, correspondence, paper currency). We show how mechanistic understanding [1] of a recent PD re-formulation [2] has been used to overcome the environmental outlawing of a critical surfactant in the classical process, revealing latent marks up to a century after deposition. MMD is a more sophisticated variant, in which gold nanoparticles are pre-deposited on the residue and act as nucleation sites for silver deposition to reveal marks on thin plastic films (e.g., drugs and explosives wrappings). We show how the kinetics of redox-driven silver deposition on ridge vs furrow regions define image contrast.In a complementary strategy, we use the fingerprint residue as a template (“mask”) to direct electrochemically generated reagent to the bare surface between the deposited ridges, creating a negative image of the fingerprint. When the surface is a reactive metal (Cu or Fe), a more noble metal (Ag) can oxidize exposed substrate atoms. The electron transfer process results in solution oxidant (here, Ag) being reduced to elemental metal that deposits on the surface and dissolution of an equivalent amount of substrate. Complexing agents influence both reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. Optical and SEM imaging and EDAX surface analysis reveal high quality images with clear third level detail.When the surface is an inert metal, exemplified by stainless steel (forensically relevant to knife crime), the above galvanic exchange cannot take place. In this instance, electrochemically driven oxidation of aromatic monomers creates negative images of latent marks via polyaniline [3], PEDOT [4] or poly(pyrrole-co-EDOT) [5] films. We show how these electrochromic systems offer the prospect of optimization of visual contrast via light absorption. More recently, we have explored the prospect of incorporating fluorescent dyes (Methyl Red, Methyl Orange, Indigo Carmine, Basic Yellow 40) in the polymer films, using functionalization, ion-exchange and physical encapsulation strategies [6].We discuss the practicalities and prospects for technology transfer of these approaches to the practitioner environment; even for the nominally established PD and MMD processes, this is not trivial. Positive outcomes lie at the core of collaborative expertise provided by practitioners, researchers, regulatory authorities and investigators. We discuss how this can be realized through engagement of these parties and researcher use of the image capture and enhancement technologies used by practitioners.

Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks for Fingerprint-Based Attendance Monitoring

The traditional method of taking attendance using paper sheets is prone to errors like impersonation, loss, or theft. To solve this issue, automatic attendance systems utilizing identification technology such as barcode badges, electronic tags, touch screens, magnetic stripe cards, and biometrics have been implemented. Biometric technology uses physiological or behavioral characteristics for identification purposes, but traditional biometric systems have limitations such as vulnerability to damage or alteration over time, and variations in occlusions, poses, facial expressions, and illumination can affect face recognition accuracy. Fingerprint identification relies on the distinctiveness of fingerprints and involves comparing two impressions of the friction ridges on human fingers or toes to determine if they belong to the same individual. There are five primary categories of fingerprints: arch, tented arch, left loop, right loop, and whorl. Various algorithms have been developed to recognize fingerprints using minutiaebased matching, which involves identifying key features like ridge ending and bifurcation. Deep learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks, have been successful in improving identification accuracy by extracting features automatically from fingerprint images. In recent times, securing personal data has become increasingly important, and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) identification system is recommended for improving accuracy and performance. This paper proposes a fingerprint identification system that combines three models: CNN, Softmax, and Random Forest (RF) classifiers. The conventional system uses K-means and DBSCAN algorithms to separate the foreground and background regions and extracts features using CNNs and dropout approach. The Softmax acts as a recognizer. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a public database and shows promising results, providing an accurate and efficient biometric identification system.

Statistics of fingerprint minutiae frequency and distribution based on automatic minutiae detection method

The Daubert case in Philadelphia in 1999 caused a debate about the scientificity of fingerprint evidence. Since then, the current fingerprint identification system has been constantly challenged and questioned. Quantitative identification technology based on the statistics of fingerprint minutiae has become a new research hot spot. In this paper, an automatic detection algorithm is designed to achieve automatic classification of fingerprint minutiae using the deep convolution neural network YOLOv5 model. Then the occurrence frequencies of minutiae are statistically evaluated in 619,297 fingerprint images. The results show that the frequency ranges (unit%) of six types of minutiae per finger are ridge endings [68.49, 70.81], bifurcations [26.37, 27.26], independent ridges [1.533, 1.626], spurs [1.129, 1.198], lakes [0.4588, 0.4963], crossovers [0.3034, 0.3256]. The results also show that there are differences in the distribution frequency of the six types of minutiae in the ten finger positions ( thumb, middle, ring, index and little finger of the left and right hand) and in the four finger patterns ( arch, left loop, right loop and whorl). From the quantitative point of view of fingerprint identification, this paper calculates the number and frequency ranges of six types of minutiae, distinguishes the evaluation value of each type of minutiae, and provides the basic data support for establishing a probability model of fingerprint identification in the future.

Middle Miocene forearc alkaline magmatism in Amami-Oshima Island, central Ryukyu Arc: implications for paleoreconstruction of Shikoku Basin

During the middle Miocene, forearc alkaline magmatism occurred in the Outer Zone of Southwest Japan and the northern Ryukyu Arc, resulting in the formation of forearc alkaline basaltic rocks with ocean island basalt (OIB)-like chemical signatures. In contrast, subduction-related magmatism was present in the central Ryukyu Arc. However, the southwestern margin of the forearc alkaline magmatism was poorly constrained in the Ryukyu Arc. We examined two basaltic dikes in the Chichibu accretionary complex of Amami-Oshima Island, the central Ryukyu Arc. The dikes cut massive basalt, reddish chert, varicolored shale, and grey chert. The chemical compositions of basaltic dikes are characterized by the enrichment of incompatible trace elements, possibly representing a low degree of partial melting from a deep mantle source. 40Ar/39Ar dating analyses indicate that the basaltic dikes yield ages of 16.37 ± 0.14 Ma and 16.51 ± 0.10 Ma. The paleomagnetic analyses on stepwise thermal demagnetizations allowed extracting the direction of stable magnetizations with unblocking temperatures of 450–575 °C for the two dikes [(Dec, Inc) = (138.1°, − 13.3°), (124.0°, − 24.9°)]. The magnetization could be primary, acquired either as part of a secular variation or a geomagnetic excursion during reversed polarity chron/subchron. The 40Ar/39Ar ages and paleomagnetic directions within the error range imply that they intruded almost simultaneously during C5Cn.2r (16.532–16.434 Ma). The age and trace element patterns of the basaltic dikes are comparable to those of Miocene alkaline basaltic rocks, which resulted from forearc alkaline magmatism during the initial subduction of the young and warm Shikoku Basin. The discovery of alkaline basaltic dikes on Amami-Oshima Island suggests that the distribution of middle Miocene forearc alkaline magmatism may extend to the central Ryukyu Arc. Hence, the northern end of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (i.e., southern end of Shikoku Basin) could have been located south of Amami-Oshima Island around 16.5–16.4 Ma, then moved eastward to the current location.Graphical

Neurovascular Structures at Risk During Surgical Access to Trigeminal Ganglion and Meckel's Cave - An Anatomical Study.

It is difficult to approach the Trigeminal Ganglion (TG) and Meckel's cave (MC) during surgeries. Therefore, the exact knowledge of the relationship of surgical landmarks to related anatomical structures is vital to reduce the associated postoperative morbidity. The aim of the present study was to enhance the knowledge of the surgical anatomy of structures that are present in the conduit of all surgical approaches to TG and MC, their distances from surrounding neurovascular structures, and their variations. The study was carried out on 40 embalmed cadavers (Eight Female) of the anatomy department of a teaching hospital in Central India. Meticulous dissection of cranial fossae was done to locate TG, MC, and related anatomical structures. All distances from TG and MC were measured using an electronic digital calliper. Length, width, and thickness of TG were 15.39 mm, 4.39 mm, and 2.54 mm, respectively. The distance from zygomatic arch, the lateral end of the petrous ridge, arcuate eminence, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum to MC was 26.10 mm and 37.94 mm, 16.46 mm, 4.54 mm, and 11.23 mm, respectively. The sixth, fourth, and third cranial nerves were 6.26 mm, 4.94 mm, and 2.53 mm from MC, respectively. The MC was 42.72 mm and 33.87 mm anteromedial from posterior and anterior limits of the sigmoid sinus. Findings of the present study will aid surgical planning and decide the approach to TG and MC and avoid surgical complications.

Fingerprint matching using the onion peeling approach and turning function

Fingerprint, as one of the most popular and robust biometric traits, can be used in automatic identification and verification systems to identify individuals. Fingerprint matching is a vital and challenging issue in fingerprint recognition systems. Most fingerprint matching algorithms are minutiae-based. The minutiae points are the ways that the fingerprint ridges can be discontinuous. Ridge ending and ridge bifurcation are two frequently used minutiae in most fingerprint matching algorithms. This article presents a new minutiae-based fingerprint matching using the onion peeling approach. In the proposed method, fingerprints are aligned to find the matched minutiae points. Then, the nested convex polygons of matched minutiae points are constructed and the comparison between peer-to-peer polygons is performed by the turning function distance. Simplicity, accuracy, and low time complexity of the onion peeling approach are three important factors that make it a standard method for fingerprint matching purposes. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on the database FVC2002. Since the fingerprints that the difference between the number of their layers is more than 2 and the a minutiae matching score lower than 0.15 are ignored, better results are obtained. KeywordsFingerprint Matching, Minutiae, Convex Layers, Turning Function, Computational Geometry.

Rigless Wireline Logging Approach Locates, Addresses Water Sources

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 208547, “Locating Source of Water Production and Performing Cost‑Effective Rigless Remedial Operations in Deviated Wells Completed With Standalone Sand Screens,” by Andrey Timonin, SPE, Schlumberger, and Eldar Mollaniyazov, Dragon Oil. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Field examples presented in the complete paper describe a fit-for-purpose logging approach for locating sources of water production accurately and executing rigless water-shutoff operations to increase cost-effective hydrocarbon production in cased wells completed with standalone sand screens. After remedial operations, the authors observed a significant decline in water production and an increase in oil rates in all remediated wells. Introduction The operator was granted a production license for exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the Cheleken Contract Area in the Caspian Sea. The area consists of two offshore oil and gas fields, Dzheitune (LAM) and Dzhygalybeg, in water depths between 8 and 42 m. The fields consist of two elongated anticlines at the eastern end of the prolific hydrocarbon Apsheron Ridge. The LAM field is a multilayer reservoir with pressure regimes producing at various gas/oil ratios with complex inflow profiles downhole. Most of the wells drilled in the LAM field were completed with 9.625-in. casing and 7-in. liner across the reservoir section. The A sand reservoir, at depths of 1500–1800 m, and the CH sand reservoir, below 2000 m, are produced separately by using dual-string tubing to avoid crossflow. Over time, depletion in reservoir pressure caused formation failure in the A sand reservoir. Wells producing from this formation began to produce sand. As a result, the operator had to change the completion strategy for newly drilled wells and recomplete some old wells by pulling dual-string completions out of hole and running in hole single tubing with sand screens across existing perforations. Some wells completed with standalone sand screens across the A sand reservoir experienced water breakthrough over time. Locating the source of water breakthrough and achieving timely intervention to shut off water inflow is paramount to keeping these wells producing at economically optimal oil rates. Overview of Rigless Wireline Logging and Intervention Techniques Rigless wireline logging and intervention techniques, the implementation and components of which are detailed in the complete paper, were used in several wells in the LAM field to shut off water production in a cost-effective way. The three field examples demonstrate rigless logging and intervention results in wells completed with standalone sand screens.

Mesoporous halloysite nanotubes as nano-support system for cationic dyes: An equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study for latent fingerprinting

The absence of a cost-effective and less toxic latent fingerprinting powder, without compromising the quality of fingerprint developed, has always been felt by the crime scene investigators. In this regard, the present study aimed at using mesoporous halloysite nanotubes (Hal) with adsorbed cationic dyes viz. methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine 6G (R6G) to develop latent fingerprinting nano-powders. Batch adsorption studies showed that mesopores of Hal were able to adsorb more than 95% of both dyes at pH 7, when the reaction was carried out at 40 °C for 1 h, where concentration of dye and Hal was 250 μg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively. The equilibrium modelling revealed good mathematical fit in Langmuir isotherm and indicated towards monolayer adsorption for both dyes, while kinetic modelling showed that pseudo first order (PFO) was the most suitable kinetic model for both dyes. The reaction feasibility and chemisorption were confirmed through thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS). Further, characterization techniques viz. SEM, TEM, EDX, ATR-FTIR, XRD, TGA and DSC proved the presence of MB and R6G in Hal. Furthermore, the latent fingerprinting nano-powders produced (MB@Hal and R6G@Hal) were used to develop fingerprints on different non-porous surfaces, where level 1 features of fingerprints were visible to the naked eye under daylight and 366 nm UV light. Level 2 (bifurcation, lake, ridge ending) and 3 (sweat pores) fingerprint features were easily seen under the microscope.

Distribution of different minutiae in thumbprint and its application to determine sex distinctions

BackgroundThe present study is an attempt to explore the distribution of different minutiae in two topological areas of thumbprint and its application to determine sex distinctions.MethodsFor this purpose, a sample of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) ranging in age from 18 years to 25 years were taken from the Shimla (North India). A modified standardized method was adopted to count and classify 20 different types of minutiae.ResultsFindings of the study indicated that the frequency of thumbprint minutiae was higher among males than their female counterparts. Ridge endings were the most frequently occurring minutiae followed by bifurcation and convergence in both the sexes. No M-B was noticed among female participant, while negligible percentage (0.04%) of males exhibited M-B. The mean values of most of the minutiae were found to be higher in the outer circle than inner circle of the thumbprint in both the sexes. Lower frequency of ridge ending (< 20 for right hand and 31–40 for both right and left hand), convergence (< 10 for both right and left hand), and bifurcation (< 10 and 31–40 for right hand and < 20 for left hand) have higher probability of female origin. While higher frequency of ridge ending (> 60 for right hand and > 50 for left hand), convergence (> 20 for both right and left hand) and bifurcation (> 40 for right hand and > 30 for left hand) was more likely of male origin.ConclusionsFindings of present study identified sex distinction in the distribution of minutiae with respect to the topological areas on the thumbprint.

Structural and optical properties of a new Milarite type Na3 Mg4 LiSi12 O30 :Eu3+ phosphor.

A new red-emitting Eu3+ (1-17 mol%)-doped Na3 Mg4 LiSi12 O30 (NMLS) phosphor was prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction method at low temperature. The prepared samples belong to a hexagonal structure with a good match to JCPDS card no. 73-0934. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectrum showed an intense peak at 612 nm when excited at 393 nm. The variation of electric dipole transition (5 D0 -7 F2 ) emission intensity with increasing Eu3+ ion concentration was investigated. The concentration quenching at 11 mol% is due to the dipole-dipole interaction mechanism in the NMLS host. The optimized NMLS:Eu3+ phosphor shows 2.18 times higher luminescence intensity than the (Y,Gd)BO3 (YGB) commercial phosphor. The NMLS:Eu3+ showed an intense red emission, having Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.6280, 0.3691) and colour purity of 99.2%. The resulting phosphor exhibits good thermal stability of 80% at 423 K. The magnified images of fingerprint showed various minute features such as bridges, sweat pores, ridge end, bifurcation, island and core with better visualization under 393 nm excitation. Furthermore, the optimized NMLS:Eu3+ was used for pc-LED, latent fingerprints, and anticounterfeit applications as a promising red phosphor.

Effects of Static Icing on Flashover Characteristics of High-Speed Train Roof Insulators

To study the icing flashover characteristics displayed by insulators on the roof of a high-speed train at a low-speed or static state, an environment with a low temperature and high humidity is established in the artificial climate chamber to carry out the icing flashover test of composite insulator under a static state. The results of the study indicate the presence of ice ridges bridging the sheath at the edge of the sheath when the ambient wind speed is less than 2m/s. The arc appears firstly at the end of the ice ridge, and it is likely that the arc at the adjacent tip converges in the air and then further extends to the edge of the next sheath. The arc melts the ice ridges at the end and enables it to stick to the tip of the ice ridge in the form of water droplets, and therefore the existence of droplets results in the distortion of the electric field near them. Moreover, the elongation of droplets and the bridging of ice edges accelerate the process of flashover. The research results can offer a reference to the structural optimization design of anti-icing insulators for high-speed trains in the future.

Background-free latent fingerprint imaging based on carbonized polymers@silica powder with intense green room-temperature phosphorescence

Latent fingerprint detection is usually interfered by background fluorescence of substrates. Development of novel reagents to achieve background-free latent fingerprint imaging is a challenging task. Herein, one-step pyrolytic synthesis of carbonized polymers (CPs) gel-like solid with intense green room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission by using phosphoric acid and ethylenediamine as precursors was developed. Furthermore, phosphorescent fingerprint powder can be easily obtained by dispersing CPs in silica gel. The resultant CPs and silica (CPs@silica) composite powder shows bright blue fluorescence (FL) and strong green phosphorescence under ambient conditions. Given the unique RTP performance, CPs@silica powder was successfully applied to visualize latent fingerprints (LFPs) on diverse substrates with strong background fluorescence. The results indicated that CPs@silica powder could effectively eliminate background fluorescence interference and realize well-resolved fingerprint patterns, especially specific details such as bridge, ridge ending, bifurcation, and enclosure can be clearly recognized. The excellent phosphorescence properties of CPs@silica powder are significant developments for conventionally used fluorescent markers for latent fingerprint visualization. CPs@silica powder can be a distinguished phosphorescent fingerprint powder for background-free latent fingerprint imaging.

Determination of sex using variations in minutiae distribution in thumbprints

The present study is an attempt to explore the distribution of different minutiae in two topological areas of thumbprint and its application to determine sex distinctions. For this purpose, a sample of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) ranging in age from 18 years to 25 years was taken from Delhi region in north India. A modified standardized method was adopted to count and classify 20 different types of minutiae. Finding of the study indicates that males had a higher frequency of thumbprint minutiae than females. Ridge endings were the most common feature in both sexes, followed by bifurcation and convergence. In both sexes, the mean values of most minutiae were found to be higher in the outer circle than the inner circle of the thumbprint. A higher chance of female origin is associated with lower frequency of ridge ending (20 for right hand and 31–40 for both right and left hand), convergence (10) and bifurcation (10 and 31–40 for right hand and 20 for left hand). While a greater frequency of ridge ending (>60 for right hand and >50 for left hand), convergence (>20 for both right and left hand) and bifurcation (>40 for right hand and >30 for left hand) was more likely of male origin. Findings of present study identified sex distinction in the distribution of minutiae with respect to the topological areas on the thumbprint.