IntroductionEfficient tubal transportation of gamete and embryo is essential for successful pregnancy. Tubal pathologies are among the leading causes of ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Scanning electron microscopy [SEM] was used to study the luminal surface morphology of the ampullary part of human Fallopian tube, paying particular attention to the different changes occurring with the progression of ovarian cycle. MethodsThe tubal samples were prepared from 15 women of different stages of ovulatory cycle, undergoing bilateral tubectomy operation for sterilization. After proper processing, the samples were examined under SEM. ResultsThe results demonstrated that, in the free luminal surface of Fallopian tube there were presence of both ciliated and nonciliated cells. In both of these cell types, obvious structural and quantitative cyclical changes were detected during different stages of ovarian cycle. In the follicular phase the ciliated cells were abundant and there was gradual increase in the cilia length. In this phase the nonciliated cells also progressively increased in height to reach their maximal height in the periovulatory period. Subsequently, as the cycle advanced towards the end of luteal phase, both the cell types reduced in height and there was partial deciliation. DiscussionPrimed by a period of estrogen dominance at ovulation and a subsequent shift to progestogen dominance with permissive estrogenic action, the endometrial epithelium undergoes the structural and physiological changes necessary for blastocyst attachment and implantation in utero.