End-fire Magneto-electric Dipole Research Articles

Millimeter-wave End-Fire Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna and Array with Horizontal Polarization and Wide Bandwidth

Millimeter-wave End-Fire Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna and Array with Horizontal Polarization and Wide Bandwidth

Millimeter-wave Wideband High-isolation Antenna Array Based on End-fire Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for 5G Applications

In this paper, a millimeter-wave (mmW) wideband high-isolation wide-angle scanning antenna is presented. The end-fire magnetoelectric (ME) dipole with wideband impedance characteristic and wide beamwidth is selected. Based on the ME dipole, a 1×4 subarray with a stripline feed network is constructed to get higher antenna efficiency. Then, four 1×4 subarrays are adopted to form a 4×4 array to realize the wide-angle scanning performance. Furthermore, to get better isolation between the subarrays, the beam is tilted on the non-scanning plane; in addition, the resonant split rings are added on the background of the subarrays. With these two measures, the isolation between the subarrays can be effectively reduced, with more than 20 dB over the entire bandwidth. Owing to the wide beamwidth of ME dipole and high isolation between the subarrays, the 4×4 array can obtain the wide-angle scanning characteristic. The final antenna covers an operating bandwidth of 19.5% (24.25-29.5 GHz) with return loss more than 10 dB, which can meet the band in the 5G standard. The beam can scan approximately ±55∘ with a realized gain reduction under 3 dB within the wide operating bandwidth. Also, the simulated radiation efficiency of the array is more than 77% over almost the entire band. The antenna will be a potential candidate to be applied in 5G applications.

Millimeter-Wave Wideband Endfire Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna Fed by Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line

A wideband endfire magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna fed by substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) is presented. Endfire radiation is achieved by the combination of a horizontally oriented quarter-wave shorted patch and a dipole array loaded at the patch aperture. A direct-feeding mechanism based on the SICL structure is developed to excite the ME-dipole antenna. The proposed feeding method provides a simple yet effective mean of wideband impedance tuning. The antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of 77%, covering from 23.1 to 52 GHz, and a small lateral size of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.32\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> refers to the wavelength in free space at the center frequency, i.e., 38 GHz). In addition to its wideband performance and compactness, highlights, including a stable gain of around 5.5 dBi, low backward radiation, and low cross polarization, are also achieved. In particular, the proposed design outperforms most state-of-the-art millimeter-wave endfire antennas with a notable bandwidth.

Millimeter-Wave End-Fire Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna and Arrays With Asymmetrical Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line Feed

A wideband vertically-polarized end-fire magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna fed by an asymmetrical substrate integrated coaxial line (ASICL) is proposed for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. The proposed ME dipole antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 60% and produces an end-fire radiation with a stable gain between 5.8 and 6.9 dBi in simulation. To verify the design concept and its application in arrays, a $1 \times 8$ linear array with a fixed beam and a $1 \times 4$ linear array with multiple beams are designed, fabricated and measured. The fabricated fixed-beam array prototype exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 62%, a peak gain of 15.9 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 79%. The multi-beam array is fed by a $4 \times 4$ ASICL Butler matrix. Experimentally, excellent beam-scanning radiation patterns with reasonably low side lobes and low cross polarizations are demonstrated at 24, 30 and 36 GHz. And an overlapped operating bandwidth of 28.6% is achieved by the fabricated prototype.

Millimeter-Wave Frequency Beam Scanning Array With a Phase Shifter Based on Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide

In this paper, a millimeter-wave multi-folded frequency-dependent progressive phase shifter based on substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) is proposed. The equations based on SIW TE10 mode characteristic are applied to design the parameters of the phase shifter. An end-fire magneto-electric dipole with wide beam width is employed as the radiating element. By combining the antenna element and the phase shifter together, a frequency beam scanning antenna array is proposed and analyzed, using mathematical calculation based on phase array theory. A prototype of the proposed array has been fabricated and measured. The theoretical calculation of radiation pattern of the array is verified by full-wave electromagnetic solver Ansys HFSS and measurement. The measurement results show that the array can achieve a wide scanning range from −18° to 32°, gain variation less than 2.9 dBi, and radiation efficiency around 50% from 57 to 63 GHz. With the advantages of simple and compact structure, wide beam scanning range, and low-cost processing, the proposed array would be a good candidate for millimeter-wave wireless communication.