Image Encryption Scheme Research Articles

A fast color image encryption scheme based on the new chaotic structure and dynamic strong S-boxes

A fast color image encryption scheme based on the new chaotic structure and dynamic strong S-boxes

A Versatile Image Encryption Scheme Based on Optical Hologram Technology and Chess Rules

A novel versatile image encryption scheme about hologram technology and chess rules is proposed in this paper. This scheme can encrypt images by transferring them from the spatial domain to the frequency domain. First, the theory of computer-generated holograms is applied to record phase and amplitude features by imitating the optical hologram. The original image is transformed to a hologram and the phase values of the points in the image are recorded. Second, the parameters associated with the plaintext image are obtained by a Hash function and used as the initial values of the chaotic system, and then the pawns on the board are regarded as pixel points of the image, where the movement direction of the pawns is the movement direction of the pixel points of the image. The hologram is confused by combining the pawns’ movement rules with the chaotic sequences. Finally, the encrypted image is gained through a combination of the chaotic sequence and the selective diffusion method. The test results show that the scheme is able to resist various attacks and has good security performance in encryption.

OFDM Transmission in Rayleigh Fading Channel for S-Box and 3D Chaotic Maps Based Encrypted Image

Data encryption is an important part of the communication system. The Chaos essential properties, make it a crucial candidate for encryption applications. There is a compromise between complexity and security in previous studies. In this study, high security was achieved with low complexity. This paper proposed a 3D chaotic map and S-Box has been cascaded to get a high efficiency as complex algorithms or multi-iteration schemes. The first stage is ciphering using 3D cat-map, the second stage is S-box based on 3D henon map, while the third stage is another ciphering stage using 3D henon map. In this study, various encryption techniques, including cipher algorithms and substitution box, are combined with the OFDM system to establish a secure image transmission over a Rayleigh fading channel. QPSK modulation is used to ensure the simplicity of the proposed system. Six gray images are used, Lena, the cameraman, Barbara, Baboon, pepper and Elaine for testing and comparing with previous works. Security analysis is performed to evaluate the quality and security of the encryption process, the entropy value reach 7.99, correlation coefficient is around zero and the histogram is uniform. In addition, the key size is 2630. For image transmission evaluation, the PSNR and BER are utilized and it reached 10-5 for BER. According to the statistical results, the proposed image encryption scheme is secure and efficient.

Correction to: A remote sensing image encryption and compression scheme using novel hyperchaotic system and plaintext related random S-box

Correction to: A remote sensing image encryption and compression scheme using novel hyperchaotic system and plaintext related random S-box

Utilizing the Discrete Heisenberg Group and Laser Systems in RGB Image Encryption

This study signifies the endpoint of thorough cryptographic experimentation, leading to the creation of an innovative color image encryption scheme. It embodies a fusion of mathematical concepts rooted in both group theory and chaos theory.The novel encryption procedure entails the creation of cube faces, to depict the relative positions of pixels within a given stream, thereby generating six distinct channels. Within our algorithm, each monochromatic layer of an image is independently encrypted using digraph encryption. This involves a technique of rotating the four faces, followed by another rotation to encrypt the second digraph.Subsequently, matrices derived from Heisenberg theory are integrated with the monochromatic layer from the preceding step to fine-tune the image's parameters and introduce blur. Impressively, our approach has yielded promising outcomes across various images and evaluation criteria, demonstrating resilience against differential attacks and statistical analyses. Furthermore, comparative evaluations have highlighted the superiority of our method over existing algorithms.

A color image encryption algorithm based on a novel 4D hyperchaotic system and bit-level diffusion

As digital images are widely used in social media, medical, military and other fields, ensuring the privacy and security of image data has become a critical concern. Firstly, we propose a novel four-dimensional hyperchaotic system and validate that it exhibits a broad chaotic range, as demonstrated by bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent experiments. Additionally, simulated circuit diagrams verify the hardware feasibility of the proposed system. Secondly, we design a dynamic iterative scrambling (DIS) scheme that dynamically divides the image into multiple matrices for spatially indexed scrambling. Excellent substitution performance can be ensured by multiple iterations. In the diffusion stage, a multidirectional bit-level L-shaped (MDBL) scheme is proposed. Diffusion is conducted on the bit plane using a designed cross-multiplanar selection algorithm, which fuses the high and low bit planes, thereby enhancing the diffusion performance of MDBL. Thirdly, Based on the above concepts, a novel four-dimensional hyperchaotic system and an encryption algorithm based on bit-level diffusion are proposed. Finally, experimental results and security analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel 4D hyperchaotic system and image encryption scheme. The proposed encryption scheme exhibits robust anti-interference capabilities and effectively safeguards image security.

An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Tabu Search and Hyperchaos

In this paper, we propose a digital image encryption scheme based on Tabu Search (TS) algorithm and Chen’s hyperchaos system. First, in order to enhance the security of the algorithm and resist the known-plaintext attack, the key is associated with the ordinary image, and the hash value generated by the ordinary image is used as the initial value of the hyperchaotic system. Moreover, the TS algorithm is used to obtain the optimal subsequence to scramble the sub-block image, which ensures the scrambling effect of the algorithm. In addition, for the sake of minimizing the correlation of neighborhood pixels and strengthening the effect of scrambling, the ordinary image is divided into blocks for scrambling and diffusion. Through simulation and experiments, the key sensitivity, differential attack and pure ciphertext attack are analyzed. Compared with the other encryption schemes, the results verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed scheme.

A novel 2D Hyperchaotic Sine Logistic map based image encryption scheme

A novel 2D Hyperchaotic Sine Logistic map based image encryption scheme

A robust approach to satellite image encryption using chaotic map and circulant matrices

AbstractIn the modern era, where satellite imagery is vital for applications like ecological monitoring and national security, ensuring the safety and integrity of these data repositories is crucial. This study presents an improved satellite image encryption technique that combines the cryptographic strength of the circulant matrix in the Hill cipher with the dynamic characteristics of the hyperbolic tangent tent map, further enhanced by the Kronecker XOR product. The algorithm initiates with computing alterations by a shift amount. After preserving the leftmost pixel in each row, it executes XOR operations between alternating rows, combining the value of the current even or odd row with corresponding pixels in the adjacent rows followed by encryption using the Hill cipher. The resulting image undergoes a diffusion process utilizing a hyperbolic tangent tent map. The Kronecker XOR product operation is then applied to individual pixels to produce a secure image followed by additional diffusion with keys from the hyperbolic tangent tent map to achieve the final encrypted image. We conducted simulations using MATLAB to assess the efficiency of the proposed satellite image encryption from theoretical and statistical perspectives. The results exhibit robust encryption performance as demonstrated by metrics such as an entropy value of 7.9982, a UACI of 33.5333%, and an NPCR of 99.6038%. The experiment results demonstrate the proposed image encryption scheme's reliability, practicability, and efficiency in securing satellite images during data storage and transmission. Comprehensive testing against various attacks including correlation, histogram, chi‐square, NPCR, PSNR, UACI, SSIM, key space and key sensitivity analysis confirms the scheme's robustness, efficiency and speed. These findings verify the scheme's ability to come across the most stringent encryption and decryption standards, making it an effective solution for securing sensitive satellite image data.

A remote sensing image encryption and compression scheme using novel hyperchaotic system and plaintext related random S-box

A remote sensing image encryption and compression scheme using novel hyperchaotic system and plaintext related random S-box

An Intelligent Image Encryption Scheme Based on Hyperchaotic Map and Dynamic DNA Encoding

An Intelligent Image Encryption Scheme Based on Hyperchaotic Map and Dynamic DNA Encoding

SMedIR: secure medical image retrieval framework with ConvNeXt-based indexing and searchable encryption in the cloud

The security and privacy of medical images are crucial due to their sensitive nature and the potential for severe consequences from unauthorized modifications, including data breaches and inaccurate diagnoses. This paper introduces a method for lossless medical image retrieval from encrypted images stored on third-party clouds. The proposed approach employs a symmetric integrity-centric image encryption scheme, leveraging multiple chaotic maps and cryptographic hash techniques, to ensure lossless image reconstruction. Medical images are first encrypted by the image owners and converted into hashcodes encapsulating essential features using a deep hashing technique with the ConvNeXt network as the backbone in parallel. To ensure index privacy, these hashcodes are encrypted in a searchable manner. The encrypted medical images, along with a secure index, are subsequently uploaded to cloud storage. Authorized medical image users can request similar medical images for diagnostic purposes by submitting a query image, from which a search trapdoor is generated and sent to the cloud. The retrieval process involves a secure similar image search over the encrypted indexes, followed by decryption along with integrity verification of the retrieved images. The proposed method has been rigorously tested on three standard medical datasets, demonstrating an improvement of 5-20% in retrieval accuracy compared to standard baselines. Formal security analysis and experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme offers enhanced security and retrieval accuracy, making it an effective solution for the encrypted storage and secure retrieval of medical image data.

A new 2D cross hyperchaotic Sine-modulation-Logistic map and its application in bit-level image encryption

Chaotic theory is being increasingly researched for application in image encryption scheme (IES). This paper presents a novel two-dimensional cross hyperchaotic Sine-modulation-Logistic map (2D-CHSLM) based on the famous Sine and Logistic maps. The hyperchaotic behaviors of 2D-CHSLM are demonstrated through bifurcation diagrams, trajectory plots, Lyapunov exponents, histogram, correlation dimension, sensitivity to initial conditions, sample entropy, 0–1 test, and NIST 800–22 test. A new bit-level IES with traditional an encryption structure is proposed utilizing 2D-CHSLM. The 2D-CHSLM-IES performs 2D-CHSLM-based bit-level confusion using a zigzag transform and 2D-CHSLM-based cross coupled diffusion operations to generate a highly secure cipher-image. Simulations and security analyses, including key space, key sensitivity, histogram, correlation, information entropy, encryption quality, known-plain and chosen-plain attacks, floating Frequency, differential attack, noise and data loss attacks, demonstrate the robust security of the proposed 2D-CHSLM-IES.

An image encryption scheme based on an improved memristive neuron chaotic system

With fast-developing Internet and communication, the security transmission of image in network has become a research highlight. So far, researchers have designed a lot of image encryption methods based on chaotic models, some of them are not secure enough. To enhance security of image transmission on the network, in this paper, an image encryption method is developed from a 3D memeristive FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) neuron. First, a 3D memeristive FHN model is obtained by connecting a memeristor into a 2D FHN model, and dynamics for 3D FHN model are estimated by applying phase diagrams, bifurcation and Lyapunov exponent. Then, an image encryption algorithm is proposed by using this 3D model. Finally, security of encryption algorithm is estimated. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of encryption scheme.

A robust color image encryption scheme with complex whirl wind spiral chaotic system and quadrant-wise pixel permutation

This paper presents a novel encryption technique that uses a unique chaotic circuit design called as 3D Complex Whirl Wind Spiral chaotic system (CWWS). The major goal of this novel approach is to create an efficient 3D chaotic systems with increased randomness and multistability, specifically designed to encrypt multimedia data. The design incorporates the sine function sin(x) to introduce complexity and unpredictability in the chaotic circuit. The dynamic behaviour of the proposed scheme’s chaotic system is thoroughly evaluated using a variety of analyses, including KY dimension, dissipativity, Lyapunov exponent spectra, and bifurcation diagrams. There are two key stages to the encryption process: diffusion and confusion. The diffusion process is strengthened by the smooth integration of quadrant-wise pixel permutation (QWPP) algorithms, which eliminate correlations between neighbouring pixels. Following that, the image components are concealed using the chaotic sequence that was generated from the 3D CWWS chaotic system. The complete encrypted image is then created by combining these encrypted components. The simulation results of the proposed strategy are thoroughly investigated using statistical analysis, differential analysis, and brute force attacks. The system has optimal key space, entropy, UACI, and NPCR metric values of 2400, 7.99, 0.334, and 0.996, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental findings show robust resistance to statistical, differential, and brute force attacks for a single round of iteration.

High robustness image encryption scheme utilizing memristive hyperchaotic map and Manhattan distance

High robustness image encryption scheme utilizing memristive hyperchaotic map and Manhattan distance

Integration of a novel 3D chaotic map with ELSS and novel cross-border pixel exchange strategy for secure image communication

This paper proposes a robust image encryption algorithm that utilizes a Novel three-dimensional (3D) Chaotic map and an Enhanced Logistic Sine System (ELSS). We leverage the unpredictability of 3D chaotic dynamics alongside the complexity of ELSS and DNA Sequence to forge a formidable image encryption scheme. Firstly, the image pixels are converted from decimal to hexadecimal notation and sorted in a 1D pixel array carrying a unique sequence of three channels of the RGB image. Secondly, the secret key is appended to XOR, the values with that 1-D pixels array. Thirdly, values are sorted by performing the binary right shift operation and encoded into DNA. Fourthly, a novel chaotic map is used to perform scrambling operations. Lastly, a novel enormous keyspace ELSS is used to perform efficient Border and Cross-Border (B &CB) pixel exchange, further enhancing the encryption quality of the proposed algorithm. Comprehensive security analysis proved that the proposed algorithm exhibits remarkable resilience against powerful known and chosen plaintext attacks and other prevalent cryptanalysis attacks, including differential attacks and exhaustive key search attacks. Henceforth, the proposed algorithm’s superior security and low computational cost make it an ideal choice for real-time secure image communication across various platforms, including satellite, multimedia, and military communications.

On a method of constructing a biaxial multitype conservative chaotic system and an image encryption scheme

On the basis of single axis coupling for constructing conservative chaos, a method for constructing a biaxial multitype conservative chaotic system is proposed. The method constructs more types of chaotic systems with a wider range of traversal. When coupling the Eulerian subbody biaxially, it is discovered that the structural matrix is able to exhibit two different multistates, namely, 0 and the opposite state, 0 and the same state, and depending on the location of the introduced adjustable parameter, the constructed chaotic equations also exhibit multiple types. When the structure matrix exhibits 0 and opposite state, the chaotic equations exhibit three types, which are opposite, one-parameter, and two-parameter types; and when the structure matrix is 0 and the same state, the chaotic equations exhibit the same type, one-parameter, and two-parameter types. The relationship of each pair of adjustable parameters satisfies the structure matrix antisymmetry, which leads to many types of Hamiltonian conservative chaotic systems that can transition between quasi-periodic, hyperchaotic, and chaotic states, all of which pass the NIST test, increasing the diversity of chaotic system choices in image encryption. The chaotic system is applied in image encryption, using Hadamard product matrix permutation, index permutation and four-dimensional pixel diffusion algorithms, and finally generates the ciphertext image. The method of biaxial coupling can construct six different types of chaotic systems, after image encryption, the average value of information entropy reaches 7.9994, the correlation coefficient is close to 0, the NPCR and UACI are close to the ideal values of 99.61 % and 33.46 %, the algorithm can effectively resist the statistical attack, the robustness attack and the differential attack, and the results demonstrate that the algorithm has better security performance.

Optical image authentication and encryption scheme with computational ghost imaging

Most of the previous image encryption schemes overlook certifying the source of the encrypted images, thus the receiver may be misled by messages coming from unauthorized users or wrong sources. To simultaneously accomplish image encryption and source authentication of the encrypted images, an optical image authentication and encryption scheme is proposed by integrating computational ghost imaging (CGI) with quick response (QR) code. Firstly, the plaintext image is converted into a QR code and encrypted by a scrambling-diffusion structure. Then, the authentication image is enciphered by a CGI system and a diffusion structure. The intermediate resulting images are marked and embedded into the random matrices to withstand the differential attack. Moreover, the source of the encrypted images can be identified by the reconstructed authentication image and the nonlinear correlation coefficient (NCC) result. The authentication is considered successful if a sharp peak appears in the center of the NCC result. Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme can not only withstand different attacks, but also avoid being misled by misinformation during the decryption process.

A lossless probabilistic image encryption algorithm based on QSD decomposition and matrix transformations

With the development of Internet technology, images have become widely used in people's daily life. However, some images carry significant importance and sensitivity, making the security and protection of digital information more crucial. Standard encryption schemes such as RSA, DES, and AES, which have proven effective for textual data, face limitations when applied to images due to their unique features, such as large data capacity and strong pixel correlation. In recent years, numerous effective image encryption schemes utilizing diverse techniques have been proposed. However, the use of integer decomposition in encryption techniques is still underexplored. This paper introduces a novel, lossless, and probabilistic image encryption scheme designed to enhance the security of sensitive images during transmission and storage. This scheme is based on a new integer decomposition technique and utilizes a key with a very large key space. In the proposed approach, an image is encrypted into a pair of images using quasi-square decomposition and new matrix transformations. Security is further reinforced through the use of orthogonal matrices, which enhance diffusion while ensuring data integrity and preservation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is highly secure against most known attacks and cryptanalysis methods. Additionally, a comparison with various existing image encryption techniques shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. This research provides a significant contribution by introducing new techniques that leverage integer decomposition, which are highly effective against CPA (Chosen Plaintext Attack) and KPA (Known-Plaintext Attack). Moreover, these techniques enhance the entropy value of encrypted images and improve the values of NPCR and UACI, which help prevent differential attacks. The proposed scheme has the potential to advance applications in secure image transmission, storage, and privacy protection.