Encouraging Economic Development Research Articles

Strengthening an integrated risk management approach to counter terrorism: Incorporating security, game theory, and economic diversification

This paper looks at the in-depth investigation into improving risk management tactics against terrorism using a multifaceted strategy that incorporates security measures, game theory concepts, and economic diversity. The goal of the study is to provide a comprehensive and strong framework that tackles both immediate security issues and long-term viable counterterrorism strategies in Nigeria. To find vulnerabilities and anticipate future threats, the integration of security measures include improving intelligence collecting, international cooperation, and border restrictions. By incorporating game theory ideas, it is possible to analyse the tactical exchanges between security forces and terrorists, providing insights into how the opposition makes decisions and allowing for the deployment of preventive measures. The use of the two-person zero sum game, the prisoner’s dilemma which depicts the Nash Equilibrium named after the Nobel Laureate economist John Nash were used in explaining how the various terrorists attack can be curbed. Different strategies were also applied so as to enable one understand how the terrorists think, possibly attack their victims and also how their network works. The study discovered that the terrorists attack mainly the communities that produce agricultural products in commercial quantities which affects the agricultural economic diversification. The study also highlights the importance of economic diversification as a key element in mitigating terrorism's underlying causes. By encouraging economic expansion and development in fragile and volatile areas, this study also promotes economic growth, discouraging the extremist ideologies and strengthening local communities in Nigeria as a whole.

Optimalisasi Pemberdayaan UMKM Tas Kulit Di Tanggulangin Berbasis Digital Marketing

There was a problem that arose during the time of Covid-19. Not only in terms of health but also influential in terms of economic stability. Without MSMEs is one of the activity efforts in encouraging economic development. Opportunities for MSMEs to survive during the pandemic include efforts to maximize sales on the online marketplace. The rapid development of technology or the digital world will certainly have an impact on the global economy. The purpose of this research is to help optimize the empowerment of digital marketing-based MSMEs. In this study using a qualitative descriptive method by conducting research based on the findings of the literature. And the results of the study show that small-scale commercialization must be able to compete with the MSME commercialization model that switches from offline to online. This means that digital marketing has changed the way MSMEs work from conventional systems to digital marketing-based systems with the aim of making business operations more efficient. Internet business marketing is something that is considered absolute in the global world, namely marketing through websites or social media because apart from being easy to use, effective, it is also relatively inexpensive.

Economic Growth and CO2 Emission in ASEAN: Panel-ARDL Approach

This paper investigates the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions from 1994 to 2018 using a panel approach from eight ASEAN countries. We found an established result using the Panel ARDL Pooled Mean Group method. First, the panel Cointegration analysis shows a significant long-term relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions. Second, the error correction mechanism shows a stable and consistent value. Third, we found that GDP has a significant long-term effect on CO2 emissions in ASEAN countries. Fourth, our results also show that GDP significantly impacts CO2 emissions in the short term for four countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Cambodia. Based on these empirical results, implications and policy recommendations are presented. ASEAN countries should implement green growth policies by encouraging economic development which does not suppress the environment.

Informaciono-komunikacione tehnologije i ruralni razvoj u Srbiji

The use of the information and communication technologies (ICTs) transforms ways of manufacturing, doing business, working, accessing public services, informing and communicating. They enable overcoming of both geographical distances and underdevelopment of infrastructures in rural regions and less developed ones. That is why ICTs can play an important role in encouraging economic development of rural areas, improvement of life quality of their population as well as lessening of social exclusion. The paper is focused upon the possibilities of invigorating rural development in Serbia on the basis of the ICTs use, primarily the Internet. The paper firstly points to the main features of the Serbian village development; then it analyses the Internet access in rural areas. Finally, it points to the ways in which the ICTs can be used for stimulating economic development of the Serbian village in addition to improving life quality of the rural population.

Do Digital Finance and the Technology Acceptance Model Strengthen Financial Inclusion and SME Performance?

Digital inclusive finance, as a vital engine for the country’s high-quality growth, provides new impetus and prospects for encouraging economic development during the looming economic downturn. SMEs play a significant role in economic growth and development, particularly in developing countries. However, value promoting financial inclusion for SMEs through digitalization is still understudied. The objectives aimed at by this investigation were: to study the impact of financial inclusion on SME performances, to observe the influence of digital financing on financial inclusion and SME performance association as a mediator and to examine how the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) supports financial inclusion and SME performance. A well-structured questionnaire using a quantitative research approach was utilized to gather data from 366 owner-managers among Sri Lankan SMEs. The study’s findings are presented: financial inclusion, digital financing and TAM play influential roles in SME performance. More precisely, digital financing and TAM mediate positively the relationship between financial inclusion and performance in SMEs. The findings of this research endeavor to shed light on developing and popularizing digital financing by providing services which are cheap, secure and low risk from a supply-side perspective, as well as adopting and adjusting digital financing by enhancing financial literacy, which would be necessary from the demand-side perspective.

Reflecting on the Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism in Italy

Italy was the first major western country to face the viral disease, which originated in China late last year and has spread around the world. Italian authorities have recorded some 2,29,858 confirmed cases and 32,785 death. Tourism is known as one of the most growing sector in Italy which is encouraging economic growth and development by giving employability of large sector of the working population. This paper is focusing on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and its impact on Tourism Industry of Italy after a complete lockdown. In this paper we will come to know about popular tourist places in Italy and how they are affected after lockdown which has affected the economy of the country to a large extent. This paper also focused on why Italy was adversely affected due to Coronavirus and reasons behind it. Government has also taken various decisions for removal of COVID-19 and its impact on tourism industry of Italy.

How Do Firms Achieve Green Innovation? Investigating the Influential Factors among the Energy Sector

This research aims to examine the direct impact of green innovation strategies and the green dynamic capability on green innovation. The indirect effect is also tested, using green organizational identity as a mediator. A cross-sectional and quantitative research approach was used to collect data from energy firms. The results show that green innovation strategies and green dynamic capabilities positively affect the green innovation. The findings also proved that a green organizational identity acts as a mediator. The research outcomes suggest that the role of green organizational identity needs to be verified by firm managers who want to boost green innovation. In the advance era, society is more conscious about the green environment. Managers need a green innovation strategy to achieve green innovation within their firm. This study will help to manage the environmental issues, environmental degradation reductions, and establishment of green programs and products, which will all benefit society in the terms of improving resource efficiency, enhancing quality of life, and encouraging economic development.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTI-TRUST LAWS IN U.S, U.K AND INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFRENCE TO HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS

This article focuses upon the conceptualization of the term competition and how competition in the present era has been a potent tool for encouraging economic development and socio-economic welfare rather than curbing monopolies only. The article shall be contextualised highlighting the facts related to the enactment of the Competition Laws in India, U.S and U.K and its actual implementation with special reference to horizontal and vertical anti-competitive agreements. The aim of the article is to do a comparative analysis between the provisions dealing with anti-competitive agreements in U.S.A and U.K and section 3 of the Indian Competition Act in order todiscusses the need of competition in global economic market, and why at all this concept of competition is of utmost importance to us.The analysis done in the article strictly restricts to the interpretation given to anti-competitive agreements under section 3 of Competition Act in India and its comparison thereof with Antitrust Laws in U.K and U.S. The paper aims to highlight the scope and interpretation of anti-competitive agreements as it is among the most sanitizing issues recently in global market.

MODEL INTERAKSI STAKEHOLDER PADA PEMBEBASAN LAHAN PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL RUAS PADANG – SICINCIN

Toll roads are an effective means of transportation to shorten the distance between regions. With a short distance, the cost of accommodation of goods will decrease and increase accessibility, thereby encouraging economic improvement and community development. One of the toll roads currently under construction in West Sumatra is the Padang-Pekanbaru toll road. The Padang-Sicincin section is part of the large project with a length of 30.4 km. Since being carried out in 2018 the progress of the work has only reached 45.2%, meaning that there are obstacles that slow down the completion of the work. From the literature study, it was found that the main cause of delay was land acquisition. The various literatures also describe the resolution of disputes involving stakeholders. Stakeholder management is one of the indicators of project success. To find out the model of stakeholder interaction on the Padang-Sicincin spatial toll road project in terms of land acquisition, a social network analysis was carried out based on a literature study related to land acquisition, followed by the creation of a stakeholder relationship matrix. From the results of the analysis, it is found that stakeholders as the main actors in land acquisition are local governments as mediators and messengers between land owners and other stakeholders involved in land acquisition.Keywords: Stakeholders, Land Acquisition, Toll Roads, Social Network Analysis.

Eight natural treasures of Aceh Jaya, Province of Aceh

The coastal regency of Aceh Jaya has great potential resources in marine and fisheries, agriculture-plantation-animal farming, forestry, minerals-mining, tourism, processing industry, and renewable energy. However, significant challenges arise regarding selecting these potentials with the principle of sustainability: encouraging economic development, being accountable and socially accepted, and having an ecological perspective as a short to medium plan to accelerate economic growth. This study has identified the leading sectors with the most potential resources for the basis of development priority of Aceh Jaya nearly two decades after the 2004’s tsunami. The research was conducted in nine districts in Aceh Jaya Regency. Data is processed through Market Analysis, Gap Analysis, Stakeholder and Institutional Analysis, and Sectoral Analysis. These analyses identified eight sectors with each superior product for the development acceleration of Aceh Jaya. Those sectors and the products are agriculture (rice), capture fisheries (tuna, skipjack, mackerel tuna, and crustacean), aquaculture (giant-tiger prawn, tilapia, and lobster), animal farming (cattle, buffalo, goat, duck), forestry (agarwood, dragonblood, and rattan), tourism (Geureutee, Reusam Island), mineral (coal), industry (prawn cracker, shredded catfish, soybean, patchouli oil, and biogas).

Inequality of Education in Indonesia by Gender, Socioeconomic Background and Government Expenditure

Education plays an important role in improving the quality of human resources capable of encouraging economic and social development. Education is also one of the goals of the sustainable development goals in increasing the quantity and quality of human resources continuously which must be carried out equitably and accessible to all without education, geographical, social and economic status. However, the issue of education inequality has recently become a serious concern both at the provincial and district or city levels. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence educational inequality in Indonesia in 2019 and 2020. The analytical method in this study uses panel data regression with 5 equation models. The results show that gender inequality and education budgets can reduce educational inequality. Keywords : Education Inequality, Gender Gap, Education Expenditure, Indonesia

Strengthening Islamic Financial Literacy Education for Millennial Generation

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest Muslim population in the world. In this era of disruption, millennials are the generation that plays an essential role in contributing to government programs. One of the programs launched is the development of national Islamic finance. Financial literacy is a basic need for everyone, including the millennial generation, to avoid financial problems. The financial sector has been effective in encouraging economic development, both in terms of the ability and accuracy of spending, business financing, and the accuracy of savings and investment choices. This study aims to determine the impact of Strengthening Islamic Financial Literacy Education on the Millennial Generation. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Wilcoxon test technique. The population in this study were students majoring in management at UPN Veteran University, with a sample of 88 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The results showed differences in students representing the millennial generation after the Islamic financial literacy education training was carried out; this was indicated by a sign of 0.037 or less than 0.05. In the implementation of literacy, there has also been a change between before and after the provision of Islamic financial literacy training to students. This study also revealed that universities play an essential role in providing education to students in understanding Islamic financial literacy.

SOSIALISASI PENGELOLAAN POTENSI EKONOMI DESA SUNGAI BATANG

The purposes of this service activity are to conduct socialization and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) to village officials and Village economic actors regarding the management of the economic potential of Sungai Batang Village. Based on the results of identification of field problems and interviews with the Sungai Batang village apparatus (Village Secretary) on 18 May 2020 at the Village office, that the imbalance in the quality of human resources and understanding of how to build and develop the village economy by applying various regional economic theories and optimizing village potential is a problem. major at this point. The method used in the implementation of this service was socialization and FGDs to village officials and economic actors in Sungai Batang village. The expected target for village officials and economic actors in Sungai Batang village will later gain understanding and knowledge about the role of MSMEs and the potential of MSMEs in encouraging economic development in Sungai Batang Village, knowing the main potential of the village economy which is expected to be developed and providing an understanding of how to increase the added value of the main potential village economy in order to optimize the economic value of the products produced by the village. So by carrying out this service, it is intended to be the initial solution in the village in developing and developing the economy of Sungai Batang village.

A Spatial Temporal Exploration of Factors Motivating Academia-Industry Collaboration

Academia-industry collaboration has an essential role in enhancing the level of innovation in university and industry and encouraging economic development. It has been cited useful many learning models like organizational learning and transformational learning. However, previous studies lacked empirical quantitative analysis of collaboration determining factors. This study explores the econometric investigation of how different business, institutional and economic factors explain university-industry collaboration at a national level for the 139 countries between 2007 and 2018. Feasible generalized least square method has been used to explore this panel data analysis, whereby the effects of variables are different for different income groups. The estimation outcomes will provide strategic policy roadmap in developing a multisectoral collaborative environment.

Tolak Ukur Pembebasan Pajak Bagi Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) Di Wilayah Provinsi Bali

As Article 1 paragraph (3) of the State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is the stateof Indonesia is a state of law. Understanding the rule of law is simply a country whose administrationof power is based on law. and Article 1 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution that the Indonesian stateis a Republican unitary state with a government structure that is the Government, Provincial RegionalGovernment, Regency / City Regional Government and the lowest government is the VillageGovernment which has their respective leaders based on legislation applicable legislation. Inconnection with the establishment of the LPD in article 33 of the 1945 Constitution and in Article 18Bparagraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which reads "that the staterecognizes and respects customary law units and their traditional rights insofar as it is still alive andin accordance with the development of society and the principle of the unitary State of the Republic ofIndonesia, which is regulated in law. So the provincial government of Bali based on the Rural CreditSeminar dated February 21, 1984 in Semarang The Governor of Bali initiated the establishment ofVillage Heritage Institutions (LPD) in the province of Bali in the role of national development with theaim of: 1) Encouraging economic development in rural communities through targeted savings andeffective capital distribution; 2) Eradicating the practice of bondage, illegal pawns, and others in thecountryside; 3) Creating business opportunities for villagers and rural workers, and; 4) Increasingpurchasing power and facilitating traffic payments and circulation So that the authors are interested inexamining the Tax Exemption Benchmark for LPDs in Bali Province with the research method used isjuridical-normative research. Taking into account that the starting point of research on legislation andthe fact that it began from the founding of the LPD in 1984 until now has not been taxed. In the courseof its operation the LPD in Bali by the three Ministers in 2009 issued a Joint Decree of the Minister ofFinance, Minister of Home Affairs, Minister of State for Koprasi and Small and Medium Enterprisesand Governor of Bank Indonesia Number.351.1 / KMK.010 / 2009, Number 900-639A in 2009, Number01 / SKB / M.KUKM / IX / 2009, Number 11 / 43A / KRP.GBI / 2009 concerning the DevelopmentStrategy of Microfinance Institutions. Affirmed through a letter from the Minister of Home AffairsNumber 412.2 / 3883 / SJ dated November 4, 2009 to the managers of institutions microfinance thatdoes not yet have a clear institutional status based on the prevailing laws and regulations. So that theGovernor of Bali Made Mangku Pastika on behalf of the provincial government of Bali submits a Letterof Governor of Bali Number 900/8999 / PLP. Ekbang dated 15 December 2009 to Minister of InternalAffairs The Republic of Indonesia prihal; The Strategy for the Development of MicrofinanceInstitutions. Thus, with the issuance of Law Number 1 of 2013 concerning Microfinance Institutions(MFIs), it was stated that the Village Credit Institutions and Pitih Negari Granaries and institutionsthat existed before the Laws were in effect were declared to be based on adat and not subject to thisLaw. The real benefits of the existence of LPD can be proven by the distribution of net profits each yearas profit retribution by dividing the following: 60% for fertilizing LPD business capital, 10%production services for labor, contributions to Indigenous Villages 20% for development funds inPakraman Village, as well as 5% for social funds, and 5% for empowerment funds deposited by theLPD at the agency / agency that is given the authority to regulate and manage them based on the Perdaand Decree of the Governor of Bali.

Central place theory and tax revenue from tourism

Many governments, both state and local, attempt to promote tourism as a way of raising revenue and encouraging economic development. This is especially prevalent in Florida, where tourism revenue constitutes a major source of revenue through the sales tax. However, some areas in Florida are considerably more popular as tourist destinations than others. In this article, I use central place theory to provide a theoretical framework for dividing metropolitan areas into categories with similar characteristics and similar levels of tourism in order to provide policy recommendations specific to each category. I conclude that a uniform approach to tourism promotion will have far less meaningful overall effects compared to policies targeted based on this division of tourism destinations.

The Emigration Life Cycle: How Development Shapes Emigration from Poor Countries

Many governments seek to reduce emigration from low-income countries by encouraging economic development there. A large literature, however, observes that average emigration rates are higher in countries with sustained increases in GDP per capita than in either chronically poor countries or established rich countries. This suggests an emigration life cycle in which average emigration first rises, then falls with development. But this hypothesis has not been tested with global datasets controlling for unobserved heterogeneity between countries. This paper finds that emigration rises on average as GDP per capita initially rises in poor countries, slowing after roughly US$5,000 at purchasing power parity, and reversing after roughly $10,000. Before this reversal, the within-country elasticity of rising emigration prevalence to rising GDP per capita is +0.35 to all destinations, and +0.74 to rich destinations. This relationship between emigration flows and economic growth is highly robust to country and time effects (fixed or random), specification (linear, log, nonparametric), emigration measure (stock or flow), country subsamples (rich destinations, large origins), and historical period (1960-2019 or 1850-1914). Decomposition of channels for this relationship highlight the joint importance of demographic transition, education investment, and structural change, but question a large role for transportation costs or policy barriers.

Financial literacy of SMEs in Citarum Watershed Area, Indonesia.

One aspect of the role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is encouraging economic growth and development, domestically, and internationally. This study aims to determine the level of financial literacy of SMEs. This research uses quantitative and descriptive methods. Data were collected from 100 SMEs in the Citarum Watershed, Indonesia. Multivariate analysis techniques and factor analysis are used to process data. Results show that two factors determine the level of financial literacy of SMEs. The first factor is financial products and services. The second factor is the basic financial concepts. Suggestions for future research include other factors that influence financial literacy.

CROSS]BORDER SECURITY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN: AFRICAN AND ASIAN MIGRATION VECTORS

The current European migration crisis outlined the problems of cooperation between the EU countries in the search for solutions in emerging multilateral conflicts. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis is to identify the role of the regional information exchange network and cooperation in the field of illegal migration and to reduce cross-border crime between the countries of North Africa, Asia and the EU. Cooperation can include assistance with the authorities to implement national strategies to address the causes of illegal migration by encouraging local economic development and providing access to jobs for migrants and host communities, and to strengthen protection for the most vulnerable. It is extremely important to increase the capacity of the authorities in North Africa and Asia to combat illegal migration and human trafficking by strengthening their border surveillance systems. Other areas of support with EU countries include an inter-agency visit to the European Border Guard and the Coast Guard Agency in Warsaw, the designation of a contact point for Operation Sophia and the study of information exchange opportunities within the Seahorse Mediterraneo project. Key issues include changes in the legal and institutional framework, knowledge base, channels for legal migration, border control, prevention of illegal migration.

ПРАВОВІ ЗАСАДИ ТА ПРАКТИКА ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РЕВІТАЛІЗАЦІЇ У ПОЛЬСЬКИХ МІСТАХ

The general articulation of the issue and its connection with the important research and practice tasks. Currently, most Polish cities have some degraded areas with poor infrastructure and numerous economic, environmental and social problems. To solve them, an innovative tool of urban policy is widely used, namely revitalization in response to the crisis phenomena of urban development. The analysis of recent publications regarding the issues this article deals with; identification of parts of the general problem that have not been previously addressed. The issue of the essence and ways of ensuring the revitalization of cities needs the relevant scientific justification, including the foreign experience. In Ukraine, this problem is at the initial stage of research. The purpose (the objective) of this article. The article defines the legal basis and key characteristics of the revitalization of Polish cities based on the synthesis of best practices in this area. The key results and the background. Revitalization objectives have been analyzed in the strategy documents on state development, and the model for the impact of regulatory legal instruments on the revitalization of Polish cities has been presented. The attention is focused on taking into account the strategic goals, defined in the relevant Poland’s regulatory legal acts on urban revitalization, in the practice of gminas’ activity. The analysis of the advanced practices in this sphere makes it possible to identify four major areas that have become the basis for the revitalization of Polish cities, namely: protection and exploitation of cultural heritage potential, urban development and regulation of urban mobility, support for housing development in the degraded areas, economic regeneration of territories and job creation. Conclusions and the prospects for further research. In conclusion, the characteristics of revitalizing Polish cities have been justified with regard to using the tools of civic engagement in the process of revitalization programming, underdeveloped public and private partnerships, prioritizing the revitalization of historic city centers, encouraging economic development in the degraded areas, improving the quality of the functional zoning sphere, housing policy, etc. The prospects for further scientific research on urban revitalization include the justification of recommendations to the domestic public administration bodies concerning the revitalization of the degraded Ukrainian city areas.