Encapsulation Scheme Research Articles

Rod-shaped LuAG:Ce transparent ceramic enabling ultrahigh forward efficiency for laser lighting in a transmissive mode.

Ceramic phosphors have high thermal conductivity and high thermal stability, showing great potential for use in laser lighting. However, it is difficult to further improve the forward efficiency in transmissive mode because of the arbitrarily emitting ceramic phosphors and light loss by secondary optical components. Here, an effective design of rod-shaped LuAG:Ce transparent ceramics was proposed, and the silicone encapsulated ceramic-based devices could operate stably under 3.5 W laser excitation, possessing a luminous efficiency of 150-180 lm/W, far exceeding the level of existing commercial transmissive mode. Besides, because of the gradual absorption of blue light and the gradient distribution of heat, the rod-shaped LuAG:Ce transparent ceramics could bear a power density of 46 W/mm2 without luminous saturation, and the thermal-induced luminous degradation only accounted for 7% under a 15 min operation. The ceramic-based laser lighting sources with low divergence angle (∼4°) and uniform spatial distribution were obtained. Our optimized transparent ceramic rod and encapsulation scheme provided a solution to improve the efficiency of a transmissive mode for laser lighting.

Temperature endurable face-sealing polyisobutylene film with contactable liquid desiccant for the encapsulation of OLEDs

We propose a face-sealed encapsulation solution with simple process and low cost. The polyisobutylene encapsulation patch mixed with calcium oxide particles is attached to the surface of the OLEDs that is exposed to the hygroscopic agent in a face-sealing manner. We find that this encapsulation scheme exhibited excellent waterproof performance. The encapsulated OLED has a long shelf lifetime in water under high temperature conditions, which is manifested in a long underwater shelf lifetime of T95 (luminance drops to 95 % of the initial luminance) of over 336 h at 60°C. We believe that this encapsulating technology can be applied to other organic optoelectronic devices, and the face-sealed encapsulating patch is flexible. This strategy can be extended to roll-to-roll processes to expand the application of flexible organic optoelectronic devices underwater.

Photo-modulated activation of organic bases enabling microencapsulation and on-demand reactivity

A method is developed for facile encapsulation of reactive organic bases with potential application for autonomous damage detection and self-healing polymers. Highly reactive chemicals such as bases and acids are challenging to encapsulate by traditional oil-water emulsion techniques due to unfavorable physical and chemical interactions. In this work, reactivity of the bases is temporarily masked with photo-removable protecting groups, and the resulting inactive payloads are encapsulated via an in situ emulsion-templated interfacial polymerization method. The encapsulated payloads are then activated to restore the organic bases via photo irradiation, either before or after being released from the core-shell carriers. The efficacy of the photo-activated capsules is demonstrated by a damage-triggered, pH-induced color change in polymeric coatings and by recovery of adhesive strength of a damaged interface. Given the wide range of potential photo-deprotection chemistries, this encapsulation scheme provides a simple but powerful method for storage and targeted delivery of a broad variety of reactive chemicals, promoting design of diverse autonomous functionalities in polymeric materials.

Knowledge-based view of the firm and the phenomenon of knowledge encapsulation

The article is devoted to the development of the knowledge-based approach to the theory of the firm (KBV). It is noted that the modern mainstream KBV (R. Grant (1996) and numerous followers) sees the nature of the firm in effective integration of the knowledge of specialists employed in it. The article proposes to supplement this analysis with the second important function of the firm — its role as an encapsulator of knowledge. The foundations of such an approach to knowledge were laid by H. Demsetz, but have not yet been developed in the literature. The essence of encapsulation is to reduce complete knowledge to an algorithm of actions sufficient to achieve the goal, which is possible, say, with the help of instructions, directions of the manager, built in constructive “foolproofing”, etc. The compiler of the instruction does not integrate his knowledge with the knowledge of its performer, but prescribes the unquestioned implementation of the algorithm of behaviour. Thus, huge cost savings are achieved on the training of performers. The article considers the limiting case — the scheme of the firm functioning as a pure encapsulator of knowledge, the Markov property of the process is substantiated. The role of the entrepreneur as an architect and manager of the knowledge encapsulation scheme is revealed. At the same time, significant negative aspects of production based on the widespread use of encapsulated (incomplete — you do what you do not understand) knowledge are analyzed. In particular, the non-creative nature of labour in the encapsulationbased firm (a particular manifestation of which is the slow spread of horizontally organized or teal firms) and the threat of disqualification of performers when combining encapsulation with artificial intelligence are discussed

Preparation of magnetic oil-based gel microspheres containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid for extraction of scandium ions at low concentrations in aqueous solutions

Extraction of low-concentration rare earths is one of the important paths for the sustainability of the rare earth industry. The research and development of materials suitable for the extraction of rare earth ions at low concentrations is of great significance. Currently, the application of solvent extraction in the rare earth production industry is highly mature. However, it is not economical to use it for the extraction of low concentration rare earths with problems of phase separation and organic phase loss. This work innovatively proposes to encapsulate the extractant and diluent in magnetic oleogel microspheres, which are obtained by solubilizing magnetic poly (phenyl divinylbenzene)(PS-DVB) microspheres with the extractant and diluent.. The magnetic PS-DVB microspheres of 3 ∼ 16 μm were prepared by suspension polymerisation, followed by encapsulation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and dichloroethane in magnetic PS-DVB microspheres using emulsion swelling, and then magnetic oil-based gel microspheres containing D2EHPA with a particle size of 10 ∼ 32 μm were obtained. The magnetic oil-based gel microspheres containing D2EHPA consist of about 96 wt% liquid phase and about 4 wt% solid phase, with D2EHPA accounting for more than 4.19 wt%. The magnetic oil-based gel microspheres are very close to small oil droplets and are superparamagnetic. The magnetic oil-based gel microspheres containing D2EHPA could completely extract 60 ppm of scandium ions(Sc3+) under the conditions of O:A = 1:50,1:60,1:70, and the extraction equilibrium times were 6, 9 and 12 min, respectively. This extractant encapsulation scheme inherits the selectivity of traditional extractants while simultaneously preserving the advantages of rapid extraction by solvent extraction.

Analysis of DSTU 8961:2019 in the quantum random oracle model

Modern cryptographic transformations require provable security against a relatively wide class of threats. Typically, such evidentiary security is achieved through formal analysis within the chosen security model. The development of quantum computers led to the emergence of new attack vectors to which classical cryptography was vulnerable. However, there are cryptographic systems that are considered resistant to quantum attacks and some of them are even standardized. The formal analysis of such systems has faced difficulties for a long time, which were associated with the impossibility of applying classical methods of proof to formal models that take into account quantum effects. However, in recent years, many new results have appeared that allow obtaining formal security proofs for quite complex cryptographic transformations, and most of the existing post-quantum asymmetric encryption and key encapsulation schemes currently have corresponding formal proofs within the quantum random oracle model, the most widespread security model for of post-quantum cryptography. DSTU 8961:2019 is the Ukrainian post-quantum standard for asymmetric encryption and key encapsulation. However, security proofs in the quantum random oracle model have not yet been published for it. As part of this work, security evidence was obtained for the design of the key encapsulation mechanism described in DSTU 8961:209. The obtained result is generalized for an arbitrary asymmetric encryption scheme, which may contain decryption errors and can be used to assess the security of not only DSTU 8961:2019, but also other similar asymmetric transformations.

PHY-PSIONICS: Physical-Layer Phase Secret Key Encapsulation in Correlated Subchannels

In this letter, we propose a physical-layer (PHY) phase secret key encapsulation in correlated subchannels, PHY-PSIONICS. Based on the PHY phase challenge-response authentication scheme (PHY-PCRAS), conventional PHY authentication approaches generally exploit the channel phase’s reciprocity to encapsulate the secret key. However, for typical multi-carrier systems, correlations between neighboring subcarriers could cause these schemes to lose credibility. Therefore, we propose a novel key encapsulation scheme to allow PHY phase-based authentication in practical multi-carrier systems. The shared secret key is efficiently encapsulated by the binning-based multi-bit alphabet phase fingerprinting. We constructed a testbed with several universal software radio peripherals for verification to evaluate the authentication performance experimentally in an indoor environment containing correlated subchannels. The numerical findings demonstrate that the proposed scheme is strong against eavesdropping and replay attacks, even under subchannel correlations.

Permutation-Based Transmissions in Finite Blocklength Regime: Efficient and Effective Resource Utilization

In this paper, the concept of permutation-based transmissions is developed at the transport layer of short-packet communications, where the application-layer data is divided into two parts: one is conveyed by the permutation of various lengths in a group of packets, and the other is encapsulated into these various-length packets. The former part, referred to as permutation-conveyed data unit (PCDU), improves the goodput and reduces the latency. From a finite blocklength perspective, the maximal payload rate of permutation-based transmissions is formulated, based on which the goodput and latency are derived and obtained in analytical forms. Moreover, the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are analysed. Illustrative numerical results on the performance and resource utilisation comparisons not only substantiate the advantages of our permutation-based transmissions over conventional transport-layer encapsulation schemes, but also provide useful tools and specifications for the PCDU design in short-packet communications.

Design and Fabrication of a Hierarchical Structured Pressure Sensor Based on BaTiO3/PVDF Nanofibers via Near‐Field Electrospinning

Herein, a simple and low‐cost fabrication method for flexible piezoelectric pressure sensors with hierarchical structures over large areas is presented. First, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) composite membranes are fabricated through near‐field electrospinning, and the hierarchical structured membrane (HSM) is obtained by spreading the flat membrane on the designed mold and drying. Then, the effect of encapsulation schemes on the piezoelectric properties of the sensor is investigated by combining different membranes with different PDMS substrates. The output voltage under periodic loads shows that the encapsulation scheme of “the hierarchical structured membrane with a hierarchical structured substrate” (HHS) can provide the highest peak voltage attributed to its largest contact area, which increases the active area (deformation area) for piezoelectricity generation. Also, the HHS with a bulge of 2 mm can produce a maximum output voltage of 2.32 V under a periodic load of 2 N, 2.5 Hz. Finally, the HHS pressure sensors are used for monitoring human motions, including joint bending, walking, and jumping, and the results show that the presented hierarchically microstructured flexible piezoelectric pressure sensor has great potential for applications of for human‐activity monitoring and wearable bioelectronic devices.

All-around encapsulation of silicene.

Silicene or the two-dimensional (2D) graphene-like silicon allotrope has recently emerged as a promising candidate for various applications in nanotechnology. However, concerns on the silicene stability still persist to date and need to be addressed aiming at the fabrication of competing and durable silicene-based devices. Here, we present an all-around encapsulation methodology beyond the current state-of-the-art silicene configuration, namely silicene sandwiched in between a capping layer (e.g., Al2O3) and the supporting substrate (e.g., Ag). In this framework, the insertion of one or two sacrificial 2D Sn layers enables the realization of different atomically thin encapsulation schemes, preserving the pristine properties of silicene while decoupling it from the growth template. On one hand, the epitaxy of a 2D Sn layer before silicene allows for the removal of the Ag substrate with no effect on silicene which in turn can be easily gated, for example, with an oxide layer on its top face. On the other hand, a full 2D encapsulation scheme, where top and bottom faces of silicene are protected by 2D Sn layers, gives rise to an atomically thin and cm2-scaled membrane preventing degradation of silicene for months. Both schemes thus constitute an advancement for the silicene stability and encapsulation in ambient conditions, paving the way to further exploitation in flexible electronics and photonics.

Leakage-Resilient Anonymous Multi-Receiver Certificate-Based Key Encapsulation Scheme

Leakage-Resilient Anonymous Multi-Receiver Certificate-Based Key Encapsulation Scheme

Study of flexible packing and stability of GaInP/GaAs solar cells

Flexible III-V thin-film solar cells are usually used as space power supply in spacecrafts. In practical applications, suitable encapsulated materials can protect the cells from being affected by environmental factors such as moisture, oxidation and pollutants. Therefore, it is critical to explore suitable flexible encapsulation schemes and long-term stability of solar cell performance. In this paper, the prepared flexible GaInP/GaAs solar cells are welded by resistance welding, and then laminated with polymer encapsulation thin films and hot melt adhesives with high light transmission. After being encapsulated, the flexible two-junction solar cell achieves good electrical performance (<i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> = 13.105 mA·cm<sup>–2</sup>, <i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> = 2.360 V), the photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach 24.81%, and the weight density is about 405 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The performance stability and environmental tolerance of the encapsulated flexible GaInP/GaAs solar cells under complex storage conditions are investigated. The results show that the encapsulated flexible solar cells still maintain good stability after 85 ℃/85% RH damp heat has been tested for more than 1000 h and 108 cycles of thermal cycling test between –60 ℃ and 75 ℃, respectively. It also proves that the encapsulated technology adopted in this experiment is feasible and has an excellent protective effect on the double-junction solar cells. However, there is a slight decrease in the open-circuit voltage in the long-term damp heat test (Δ<i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> ≈ 0.023 V), which may reflect the change of the solar cell itself. By further extracting the changes of the ideal factors <i>n</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>n</i><sub>2</sub> representing the recombination mechanism and diffusion mechanism respectively from the dark <i>I</i>-<i>V</i> curves (Δ<i>n</i><sub>1</sub> = 1.295, Δ<i>n</i><sub>2</sub> = 0.087), it can be found that the slight drop of open-circuit voltage is closely related to the recombination enhancement (Δ<i>n</i><sub>1</sub><inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20230621123129">\begin{document}$\gg $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20230352_Z-20230621123129.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="13-20230352_Z-20230621123129.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>Δ<i>n</i><sub>2</sub>). In the long-term high temperature and humidity environment, it is easy to introduce defects in the material of the solar cells, serving as the carrier recombination centers, thus accelerating the carrier recombination, reducing the parallel resistance, shortening the minority carrier lifetime, and increasing the reverse saturation current resulting in a slight drop in the open-circuit voltage. In addition, the electrical simulation results based on the diode-model indicate that the change in the performance of the solar cells after flexible encapsulation is due to the enhanced carrier recombination under damp heat test, which reduces the open-circuit voltage.

Time-Memory Trade-Offs for Saber+ on Memory-Constrained RISC-V Platform

Saber is a module-lattice-based key encapsulation scheme that has been selected as a finalist in the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization project. As Saber computes on considerably large matrices and vectors of polynomials, its efficient implementation on memory-constrained IoT devices is very challenging. In this paper, we present an implementation of Saber with a minor tweak to the original Saber protocol for achieving reduced memory consumption and better performance. We call this tweaked implementation ‘Saber+’, and the difference compared to Saber is that we use different generation methods of public matrix <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{A}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and secret vector <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for memory optimization. Our highly optimized software implementation of Saber+ on a memory-constrained RISC-V platform achieves 48% performance improvement compared with the best state-of-the-art memory-optimized implementation of original Saber. Specifically, we present various memory and performance optimizations for Saber+ on a memory-constrained RISC-V microcontroller, with merely 16KB of memory available. We utilize the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) to speed up the polynomial multiplication in Saber+. For optimizing cycle counts and memory consumption during NTT, we carefully compare the efficiency of the complete and incomplete-NTTs, with platform-specific optimization. We implement 4-layers merging in the complete-NTT and 3-layers merging in the 6-layer incomplete-NTT. An improved on-the-fly generation strategy of the public matrix and secret vector in Saber+ results in low memory footprint. Furthermore, by combining different optimization strategies, various time-memory trade-offs are explored. Our software implementation for Saber+ on selected RISC-V core takes just 3,809K, 3,594K, and 3,193K clock cycles for key generation, encapsulation, and decapsulation, respectively, while consuming only 4.8KB of stack at most.

Triplet Fusion Upconversion Nanocapsule Synthesis.

Triplet fusion upconversion (UC) allows for the generation of one high energy photon from two low energy input photons. This well-studied process has significant implications for producing high energy light beyond a material's surface. However, the deployment of UC materials has been stymied due to poor material solubility, high concentration requirements, and oxygen sensitivity, ultimately resulting in reduced light output. Toward this end, nanoencapsulation has been a popular motif to circumvent these challenges, but durability has remained elusive in organic solvents. Recently, a nanoencapsulation technique was engineered to tackle each of these challenges, whereupon an oleic acid nanodroplet containing upconversion materials was encapsulated with a silica shell. Ultimately, these nanocapsules (NCs) were durable enough to enable triplet fusion upconversion-facilitated volumetric three-dimensional (3D) printing. By encapsulating upconversion materials with silica and dispersing them in a 3D printing resin, photopatterning beyond the surface of the printing vat was made possible. Here, video protocols for the synthesis of upconversion NCs are presented for both small-scale and large-scale batches. The outlined protocols serve as a starting point for adapting this encapsulation scheme to multiple upconversion schemes for use in volumetric 3D printing applications.

Grouping Length Permutation Encapsulated Packets to Improve Spectral Efficiency

This letter proposes a novel transport-layer encapsulation scheme, which integrates the permutation-based transmission and the packet grouping to improve spectral efficiency. For a group of packets, each data unit (DU) is divided into three portions: permutation-conveyed DU (PCDU), grouping-conveyed DU (GCDU), and conventionally conveyed DU (CCDU). The PCDU is conveyed through the selection among various lengths for GCDU plus CCDU. The GCDU is used for forming sub-groups so that, in each sub-group, the GCDU is encapsulated into the first packet only while removed from the other packets. Unlike CCDUs, the delivery of PCDUs and removed GCDUs does not consume any communication resource. To promote the improvement of spectral efficiency, an algorithm based on the binary search tree is proposed for the GCDU design in each sub-group, and a lower bound on the number of bits in the removed GCDUs is achieved in closed-form. Illustrative numerical results substantiate the spectral efficiency gain obtained by our permutation-based scheme in comparison with the conventional transport-layer encapsulation.

Photoinstability aversion in perovskite solar cell by downconversion cadmium chalcogenide filters

Susceptibility to environmental factors, such as moisture, humidity, oxygen, heat, and ultraviolet (UV) light (photoinstability), has affected perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability in practical applications. To overcome the instability and performance degradation due to oxygen, humidity, and moisture, different strategies and encapsulation schemes have been proposed, and promising results have been obtained. However, photostability remains a major hurdle because UV light is an inherent part of the standard incident spectrum of PSCs. To prevent photoinstability and increase quantum energy harvesting levels, cadmium chalcogenide (CC) photoluminescent (PL) filters for downconverting the UV part of the incident spectra obtained for PSCs are proposed in this work. The concept was illustrated by matching 500-nm-thick CC-PL filters to the front glass of a PSC to form a CC-PL/glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)/perovskite/Ag structure. Cadmium sulfide (CdS), cadmium selenide, and cadmium telluride were taken as the CC materials. Practical measurements confirmed that the PSC with the CdS-PL filter can maintain 92% of its initial value under continuous light soaking for more than 100 h. Furthermore, this PSC exhibited the best improvement in power conversion efficiency.

Water-Accelerated Photooxidation of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite.

Halide perovskites have the potential to disrupt the photovoltaics market based on their high performance and low cost. However, the decomposition of perovskites under moisture, oxygen, and light raises concerns about service lifetime, especially because degradation mechanisms and the corresponding rate laws that fit the observed data have thus far eluded researchers. Here, we report a water-accelerated photooxidation mechanism dominating the degradation kinetics of archetypal perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 in air under >1% relative humidity at 25 °C. From this mechanism, we develop a kinetic model that quantitatively predicts the degradation rate as a function of temperature, ambient O2 and H2O levels, and illumination. Because water is a possible product of dry photooxidation, these results highlight the need for encapsulation schemes that rigorously block oxygen ingress, as product water may accumulate beneath the encapsulant and initiate the more rapid water-accelerated photooxidative decomposition.

Stabilization of ferric arsenate sludge with ZVI intensive corrosion and enhancement of long-term arsenic immobilization via resin encapsulation

In this study, a novel stabilization/solidification (S/S) method, achieved by mechanochemically activated zero-valent iron (ZVI) intensive corrosion and resin encapsulation, was investigated for arsenic sludge disposal. The results showed that arsenic stabilization was enhanced by intensive corrosion process, with arsenic leaching concentration decreasing from 128.75 mg/L to 0.35 mg/L after stabilization treatment under optimized conditions. The residual state arsenic was increased from 96.32 wt% to 99.13 wt% after stabilization. The subsequent resin encapsulation solidification scheme has a significant effect on the low arsenic leachability of the stabilized sludge. The arsenic concentration of resin solidification matrix was 0.47 mg/L, which was significantly lower than that of cement solidification matrix (1.77 mg/L), as a control group. It also can be seen that resin curing showed much lower cumulative release rate (0.009 wt%) than cement curing (0.54 wt%) at the end of leaching test, under a 60-day long-term leaching test, indicating that resin curing has higher long-term arsenic stability. Resin curing can maintain the structure of the stabilized As-Fe phase by resin encapsulation, while the traditional cement curing would destroy the original stable As-Fe phase, and produce unstable As-Ca phase, resulting in the risk of arsenic pollution. Moreover, the matrix based on ZVI intensive corrosion and resin encapsulation scheme has great advantages in low compatibilization ratio and resistance to pH impact.

Lead-Sealed Stretchable Underwater Perovskite-Based Optoelectronics via Self-Recovering Polymeric Nanomaterials.

To harness the full potential of halide perovskite based optoelectronics, biological safety, compatibility with flexible/stretchable platforms, and operational stability must be guaranteed. Despite substantial efforts, none has come close to providing a solution that encompasses all of these requirements. To address these issues, we devise a multifunctional encapsulation scheme utilizing hydrogen bond-based self-recovering polymeric nanomaterials as an alternative for conventional glass-based encapsulation. We show that Pb in physically damaged halide perovskite solar cells can be completely contained within the self-recovering encapsulation upon submersion in a simulated rain bath, as indicated by in vitro cytotoxicity tests. In addition, self-recovering encapsulation accommodates stable device operation upon casual bending and even stretching, which is in stark contrast to conventional glass-based encapsulation schemes. We also demonstrate the concept of assembling user-defined scalable modular optoelectronics based on halide perovskite solar cells and light emitting diodes through the use of self-recovering conductive nanocomposites. Finally, long-term operational stability of over 1000 h was achieved under harsh accelerated conditions (50 °C/50% RH and 85 °C/0% RH) with the incorporation of an ultrathin atomic layer deposited TiO2 barrier underneath the multifunctional encapsulation. In light of these merits, the encapsulation scheme based on self-recovering polymeric nanomaterials is proposed as a simple, but practical solution to a multifaceted challenge in the field of halide perovskites.

Transparent Hard Coatings with SiON-Encapsulated N-Doped Carbon Dots for Complete UV Blocking and White Light Emission

The solid-state hard encapsulation of carbon dots (CDs) can introduce an additional dimension for the tuning of their optical properties and effective promotion of multifunctional applications as well. In this study, simple hydrothermal and soft-sintering processes have been demonstrated to obtain silicon oxynitride-encapsulated N-doped carbon dots (SiON@NCDs) as well as organosilane-functionalized NCDs (OSi-NCDs). The surface-decorating long alkyl chains on NCDs help to prevent luminescence quenching in solid state and emit blue to orange color while forming a smooth film coating on the substrate. Interestingly, these OSi-NCDs can be readily converted into SiON-encapsulated NCDs (SiON@NCDs) and form a smooth, hard, and visible light transparent coating on a glass surface after soft sintering. This hard coating has the ability to emit white light and 100% block all types of toxic UV light (UV-A, B, and C). The process reported here provides a unique strategy to modulate the NCD luminance properties from blue to white light emission (WLE) by transforming the organosilane matrix together with the NCDs themselves, possibly modified at their surface defects or functional groups. The transformation process involves the conversion of organosilane into a SiON hard-coat matrix via the reaction with the amine surface groups on NCDs. Subsequently, the hard-coat-embedded NCD films emit WLE under UV excitation with good color stability and adjustable correlated color temperature (CCT) from warm white to cool white (3900–7300 K) depending upon their thicknesses. The process proposed here can be adopted for glass hard coating for white light emission (WLE) and UV-light blocking applications. Also, with our proposed hard encapsulation scheme, NCDs are endowed with long-term stability in harsh environmental conditions, which enables these materials for practical applications in many fields, including automotive, illumination industrial sectors, and luminescent solar cells (solar cell windows).