Encapsulation Of Small Molecules Research Articles

Encapsulation of small molecules in two-dimensional clathrate hydrates

We performed first-principles computations to investigate four new structures of two-dimensional hydrates (denoted as TDH-I, TDH-II, TDH-III, and TDH-IV), and to evaluate their potential applications in gas separation for CH4, CO2, N2 and NH3. The lattice parameters, the cage occupancy, and the energetic stability of the hydrates are determined and compared, and it is feasible to use the studied hydrates for gas separation. On the other hand, the dynamic analysis shows that these hydrates can exist stably in a highly confined environment, following the order of N2 > CO2 > NH3 > CH4, and that the kinetic diameter of gas molecules play a primary role in stabilizing the hydrate structure. As the temperate increases, the dynamic stability of the hydrates decreases, but they can still be stabilized at a temperature of 270 K.

Matematičko modelovanje in vitro oslobađanja lekovitih supstanci iz nosača tipa polimernih mikročestica

Incorporation of active substances in polymeric microparticles (microencapsulation) is an important technological strategy used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the functionality, quality, safety and/or therapeutic efficiency of pharmaceutical preparations for different routes of administration. The current focus of research in this field is on the encapsulation of small molecules and macromolecules into microparticles based on biocompatible synthetic polymers and biopolymers, such as polypeptides and polysaccharides, in order to achieve preferable drug release kinetics and many other advantages. Diversity in the structure and size of microparticles, choice of polymers, and manufacturing processes, allows for designing a multitude of microcarriers (e.g., monolithic matrix microspheres, hollow microcapsules, water-or oil-core microcapsules, stimulus-sensitive microcapsules), whereby their impact on biopharmaceutical profile of drugs can be manipulated. The results so far indicate that the in vitro drug release kinetics evaluation is one of the key aspects of the microparticle-type carrier characterization, where the application of the mathematical analysis (modeling) of the drug release profiles is an important tool for elucidating drug release mechanisms, as well as for evaluating the influence and optimization of formulation and process parameters in the microencapsulation procedure. The article reviews representative studies in which mathematical modeling of experimentally obtained release data was performed for microencapsulated model drugs with different physicochemical properties, as well as the relevance and potential limitations of this approach.

A Volumetric Analysis of the 1H NMR Chemical Shielding in Supramolecular Systems.

The liquid state NMR chemical shift of protons is a parameter frequently used to characterize host–guest complexes. Its theoretical counterpart, that is, the 1H NMR chemical shielding affected by the solvent (1H CS), may provide important insights into spatial arrangements of supramolecular systems, and it can also be reliably obtained for challenging cases of an aggregation of aromatic and antiaromatic molecules in solution. This computational analysis is performed for the complex of coronene and an antiaromatic model compound in acetonitrile by employing the GIAO-B3LYP-PCM approach combined with a saturated basis set. Predicted 1H CS values are used to generate volumetric data, whose properties are thoroughly investigated. The 1H CS isosurface, corresponding to a value of the proton chemical shift taken from a previous experimental study, is described. The presence of the 1H CS isosurface should be taken into account in deriving structural information about supramolecular hosts and their encapsulation of small molecules.

Solution-state NMR evaluation of molecular interaction between monoaromatic carboxylic acids and dissolved humic acid.

Understanding the nature of interactions between the aromatic organic pollutants with dissolved humic acid (HA) is fundamental for the prediction of their environmental fate and subsequent development of efficient remediation methods. The present study employs solution-state 1H/19F NMR methods to investigate the non-covalent interaction between aqueous peat humic acid (Aldrich HA) and monoaromatic carboxylic acids (CA), viz., 2, 6 diflourobenzoic acid (DFBA) and its non-fluorinated analog, benzoic acid (BA). NMR self-diffusion measurement of HA protons confirmed micellar nature indicating possibility of encapsulation of small molecules through host-guest interaction. 19F-1H and 1H-1H saturation transfer difference (STD) experiments reveal the mode of insertion of CA into HA superstructure. The strength of interaction has been evaluated by analyzing T1/T2 relaxation times and self-diffusion coefficients of CA as a function of HA concentration. Association constants extracted for CA-HA complexes from NMR diffusion experiments reflected that the association between DFBA-HA (2.34 mM-1) is significantly higher than that of BA-HA (0.97 mM-1). The experimental outcome reiterated that substitution of -H with halogen atoms (-F in specific) to aromatic ring plays a dominant role in modulating the strength of association and mode of insertion of organic pollutants into HA superstructure. The present study emphasizes that AHA can be a potential remediating agent for organic contaminants due to its superior binding affinity compared to less humified extracted HA (EHA) from Karwar, Rajasthan, India.

Two-tier supramolecular encapsulation of small molecules in a protein cage

Expanding protein design to include other molecular building blocks has the potential to increase structural complexity and practical utility. Nature often employs hybrid systems, such as clathrin-coated vesicles, lipid droplets, and lipoproteins, which combine biopolymers and lipids to transport a broader range of cargo molecules. To recapitulate the structure and function of such composite compartments, we devised a supramolecular strategy that enables porous protein cages to encapsulate poorly water-soluble small molecule cargo through templated formation of a hydrophobic surfactant-based core. These lipoprotein-like complexes protect their cargo from sequestration by serum proteins and enhance the cellular uptake of fluorescent probes and cytotoxic drugs. This design concept could be applied to other protein cages, surfactant mixtures, and cargo molecules to generate unique hybrid architectures and functional capabilities.

Interaction of silver nanoparticle and commonly used anti-inflammatory drug within a poly(amino acid) derivative fibrous mesh

In recent decades, wound dressings have evolved from the simple gauze to sophisticated, carefully designed functional materials which can enhance wound healing and eliminate bacterial infections endangering the wounded area. With an increasing number of multidrug-resistant strains, bacterial overgrowth of the injured area poses a serious risk that can lead to severe conditions. Nanoparticles can exhibit remarkable antibacterial properties thus incorporating them into biocompatible matrices, effective antibacterial wound dressings can be fabricated. Utilizing electrospinning, nanoparticles could be easily incorporated into fibrous polymer meshes. Next to nanoparticles, electrospinning allows the simultaneous encapsulation of small molecules as well, resulting in complex nanocomposite meshes exhibiting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic properties. In the manuscript, we present a one-pot method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in the presence of polysuccinimide (PSI) and a small molecule drug (paracetamol), followed by the fabrication of an antibacterial wound dressing system. Thorough characterization of both the AgNP-containing colloidal system and the meshes were performed. Results reveal the stabilizing effect of PSI and paracetamol enhancing the formation of a monodisperse colloidal system. Mechanical studies confirm the reinforcing effect of silver-nanoparticles, and antibacterial evaluation proves the applicability of the meshes. Drug-release measurement shows prolonged three-step release kinetics.

Self-assembly of multiscale anisotropic hydrogels through interfacial polyionic complexation.

Polysaccharides are explored for various tissue engineering applications due to their inherent cytocompatibility and ability to form bulk hydrogels. However, bulk hydrogels offer poor control over their microarchitecture and multiscale hierarchy, parameters important to recreate extracellular matrix-mimetic microenvironment. Here, we developed a versatile platform technology to self-assemble oppositely charged polysaccharides into multiscale fibrous hydrogels with controlled anisotropic microarchitecture. We employed polyionic complexation through microfluidic flow of positively charged polysaccharide, chitosan, along with one of the three negatively charged polysaccharides: alginate, gellan gum, and kappa carrageenan. These hydrogels were composed of microscale fibers, which in turn were made of submicron fibrils confirming multiscale hierarchy. Fibrous hydrogels showed strong tensile mechanical properties, which were further modulated by encapsulation of shape-specific antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs). Specifically, hydrogels with chitosan and gellan gum showed more than eight times higher tensile strength compared to the other two pairs. Incorporation of sphere-shaped cerium oxide nanoparticles in chitosan and gellan gum further reinforced fibrous hydrogels and increased their tensile strength by 40%. Altogether, our automated hydrogel fabrication platform allows fabrication of bioinspired biomaterials with scope for one-step encapsulation of small molecules and nanoparticles without chemical modification or use of chemical crosslinkers.

Confined molecules: experiment meets theory in small spaces.

The behavior of molecules confined to small spaces is fascinating chemistry and lies at the heart of signaling processes in biology. Our approach to confinement is through reversible encapsulation of small molecules in synthetic containers. We show that confinement leads to amplified reactivities in bimolecular reactions, stabilization of otherwise reactive species, and limitation in motions that create new stereochemical arrangements. The isolation of molecules from solvent makes for manageable computations and has stimulated theorist to examine reaction details in the limited space. Transition states for reactions and rearrangements can be calculated, the effects of (de)solvation can be evaluated and the magnetic properties of the containers can be compared with experimental observations. Finally, we outline several potential applications, including entanglement chemistry and the use of isomers in data storage.

Water-in-Water Emulsion as a New Approach to Produce Mesalamine-Loaded Xylan-Based Microparticles

The water-in-water emulsion method has been reported as a technique able to prepare microparticles without using harmful solvents. However, there are few reports showing the encapsulation of small molecules into microparticles produced within this technique. The probable reason relays on the rapid diffusion of these molecules from the discontinuous phase to the continuous phase. In the present study, xylan microparticles containing mesalamine were produced and the doubled crosslinking approach, used to promote higher encapsulation rates, was disclosed. To achieve this goal, a 23 full factorial design was carried out. The results revealed that all formulations presented spherical-shaped microparticles. However, at specific conditions, only few formulations reached up to 50% of drug loading. In addition, the new xylan-based microparticles formulation retained almost 40% of its drug content after 12 h of a dissolution assay likely due to the degree of crosslinking. Thus, the doubled crosslinking approach used was effective on the encapsulation of mesalamine and may pave the way to successfully produce other polysaccharide-based carriers for clinical use.

Molecular Containers Derived from [60]Fullerene through Peroxide Chemistry.

Molecular containers can keep guest molecules in a confined space that is completely separated from the solution. They have wide potential applications, including selective trapping of reactive intermediates, catalysis within the cavity, and molecular delivery. Numerous molecular containers have been prepared through covalent bonds, metal-ligand interactions and H-bonding or hydrophobic interactions. Fullerenes are all-carbon molecules with a spherical structure. Partial opening of the cage structure results in open-cage fullerenes, which can serve as molecular containers for various small molecules and atoms. Compared with classical molecular containers, open-cage fullerenes exhibit some unusual phenomena because of the unique structure of the fullerene cage. The synthesis of an open-cage fullerene with a large enough orifice as a molecular container requires consecutive cleavage of multiple fullerene skeleton bonds within a local area on the cage surface. In spite of the difficulty, remarkable progress has been achieved. Several reactions have been reported to cleave fullerene C-C bonds selectively to form open-cage fullerenes, some of which have been successfully used as molecular containers for molecules such as H2O. The size and shape of the orifice play a key role in the encapsulation of the guest molecule. To date the focus in this area has been the preparation of open-cage fullerenes and encapsulation of small molecules. Little information has been reported about the functional properties of these host-guest systems. Potential applications of these systems need to be explored. This Account mainly presents our results on the encapsulation of small molecules in open-cage fullerenes prepared in my group. The preparation of our open-cage fullerenes is based on fullerene-mixed peroxides, which are briefly mentioned herein. The encapsulation and release of a single molecule of water is discussed in detail. Quantitative water encapsulation was achieved by heating the open-cage fullerene in a homogeneous CDCl3/H2O/EtOH mixture at 80 °C for 18 h. The kinetics of the water release process was studied by blackbody IR radiation-induced dissociation (BIRD) and theoretical calculations. The trapped water could also be released by H-bonding with HF. To control the encapsulation and release processes, we prepared open-cage fullerenes with a switchable stopper on the rim of the orifice. Besides H2O, encapsulations of H2, HF, CO, O2, and H2O2 were also achieved by using different open-cage fullerenes. The encapsulation of CO is quite unusual in that the trapped CO is derived from a fullerene skeleton carbon that was pushed into the cavity by oxidation under ambient conditions at room temperature. The trapped O2/H2O2 could be released slowly under mild conditions, and these systems are now being studied as a new type of oxygen-releasing materials for biomedical research. The present results demonstrate that open-cage fullerenes are suitable molecular containers for small molecules. Our future work will focus on optimizing the conditions for the preparation of open-cage fullerenes and applications of open-cage fullerenes in areas such as oxygen delivery for photodynamic therapy.

Multilayer Hydrogel Capsules of Interpenetrated Network for Encapsulation of Small Molecules.

We report on a facile capsule-based platform for efficient encapsulation of a broad spectrum of hydrophilic compounds with molecular weight less than 1000 g mol-1. The encapsulated compounds extend from low-molecular-weight anionic Alexa Fluor 532 dye and cationic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans with Mw ranging from 4000 to 40 000 g mol-1. The pH-sensitive hydrogel capsules with an interpenetrated network shell are synthesized by layer-by-layer assembly of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA, Mw = 150 000 g mol-1) and poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON, Mw = 1 300 000 g mol-1) on 5 μm silica microparticles followed by chemical cross-linking of the PMAA multilayers. Following core dissolution, the result is a hollow microcapsule with PVPON interpenetrated in the PMAA network. The capsules exhibit a reversible change in the diameter with a swelling ratio of 1.5 upon pH variation from 7.5 to 5.5. Capsules cross-linked for 4 h display high permeability toward molecules with molecular weight under 1000 g mol-1 at pH = 7.5 but exclude dextran molecules with Mw ≥ 40 000 g mol-1. Encapsulation of small molecules was achieved at pH = 7.5 followed by sealing the capsule wall with 40 000 g mol-1 dextran at pH = 5.5. This approach results in negatively charged molecules such as Alexa Fluor being entrapped within the capsule cavity, whereas positively charged molecules such as DOX are encapsulated within the negatively charged capsule shell. Considering the simple postloading approach, the ability to entrap both anionic and cationic small molecules, and the pH-responsiveness of the interpenetrated network in the physiologically relevant range, these capsules offer a versatile method for controlled delivery of multiple hydrophilic compounds.

Diameter-Dependent Excitation Energy Transfer for Enhanced Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Solar Photoconversion

Tremendous progress and innovation has ushered the incorporation of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) as active components into organic/inorganic/hybrid solar cells and thermoelectrics. For solar photoconversion, strong and tunable absorption is necessitated, suggesting that s-SWCNTs can play a role as light-harvesting components, however the narrow and distinct excitonic optical transitions found in s-SWCNT systems limit broad-band absorption. As such, we introduce encapsulation of small molecules within the endohedral volume of s-SWCNTs as a route to increase and extend light absorption in regions outside s-SWCNT excitonic transitions. Creation of this self-assembled supra-molecular system can strongly modify the opto-electronic properties of both the s-SWCNT and encapsulated molecule. We investigate excitation energy transfer occurring from encapsulated dye molecules to s-SWCNTs, which results in luminescent SWCNT excitons. We exploit the high-throughput and chiral selectivity of polyfluorene wrapping methods to generate dispersions of s-SWCNTs with dye encapsulation. We demonstrate that the selectivity of the polyfluorene polymer for semiconducting chiral distributions is not affected by the presence of encapsulated molecules. Tracking the excited state transient absorption signatures of excitation energy transfer provides detailed information regarding dynamics of both the encapsulated dye and s-SWCNTs. We observe sub-picosecond excitation energy transfer of excitons generated in dye molecules to the surrounding s-SWCNTs. Photoluminescence excitation maps reveal that the absorption of encapsulated dye molecules depends sensitively on the diameter of the s-SWCNT in which they are encapsulated. We consider a simple molecular exciton model to describe aggregate formation within the s-SWCNT endohedral volume, which reveals that the dye molecules adopt unique aggregate structures that are defined both by a competition between intermolecular interactions between the dye molecules and confinement effects due to the s-SWCNT diameter. Small molecule encapsulation in s-SWCNTs serves as a strong platform to control intermolecular interactions in small molecule systems through confinement, which opens up the possibility of enhancing photo-induced extraction of energy and charge in s-SWCNTs solar photoconversion systems.

Design of Insulin-Loaded Nanoparticles Enabled by Multistep Control of Nanoprecipitation and Zinc Chelation.

Nanoparticle (NP) carriers provide new opportunities for controlled delivery of drugs, and have potential to address challenges such as effective oral delivery of insulin. However, due to the difficulty of efficiently loading insulin and other proteins inside polymeric NPs, their use has been mostly restricted to the encapsulation of small molecules. To better understand the processes involved in encapsulation of proteins in NPs, we study how buffer conditions, ionic chelation, and preparation methods influence insulin loading in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) NPs. We report that, although insulin is weakly bound and easily released from the NPs in the presence of buffer ions, insulin loading can be increased by over 10-fold with the use of chelating zinc ions and by the optimization of the pH during nanoprecipitation. We further provide ways of changing synthesis parameters to control NP size while maintaining high insulin loading. These results provide a simple method to enhance insulin loading of PLGA-PEG NPs and provide insights that may extend to other protein drug delivery systems that are subject to limited loading.

Complex coacervate-based materials for biomedicine.

There has been increasing interest in complex coacervates for deriving and transporting biomaterials. Complex coacervates are a dense, polyelectrolyte-rich liquid that results from the electrostatic complexation of oppositely charged macroions. Coacervates have long been used as a strategy for encapsulation, particularly in food and personal care products. More recent efforts have focused on the utility of this class of materials for the encapsulation of small molecules, proteins, RNA, DNA, and other biomaterials for applications ranging from sensing to biomedicine. Furthermore, coacervate-related materials have found utility in other areas of biomedicine, including cartilage mimics, tissue culture scaffolds, and adhesives for wet, biological environments. Here, we discuss the self-assembly of complex coacervate-based materials, current challenges in the intelligent design of these materials, and their utility applications in the broad field of biomedicine. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1442. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1442 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

In Situ Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots/Polyelectrolyte Nanocomposite Microcapsules with Reduced Permeability and Ultrasound Sensitivity.

Designing and fabricating multifunctional nanocomposite microcapsules are considerable interests in both academic and industrial research aspects. This work first reports an innovative approach to in situ synthesize and assemble fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) into polyelectrolyte microcapsules, obtaining highly biocompatible nanocomposite microcapsules with excellent luminescence that facilitate imaging and identification in vitro, yet with the feasibility to load small molecules and ultrasound responsiveness to trigger their release. CDs are produced in situ in (PAH/PSS)4 microcapsule shells by carbonization of dextran molecules under relatively mild hydrothermal treatment. Compared with the collapsed and film-like (PAH/PSS)4 microcapsules, the novel composite microcapsules show a free-standing structure, smaller size, and thicker shell. CDs are proven to be fabricated and embedded in PAH/PSS multilayers, and the formed PAH/PSS/CD microcapsules are endowed with strong luminescence, as verified by the transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectra, and confocal laser scanning microscopy results. The in situ formation of CDs in capsule shells also empowers these capsules with ultrasound responsiveness and reduced permeability. The feasibility of encapsulation of small molecules (rhodamine B) and ultrasound-triggered release is also shown. Most importantly, due to the intrinsic biocompatible property and photostability of CDs, these fluorescent PAH/PSS/CD microcapsules show negligible cell toxicity and low photobleaching, which are impossible for capsules composited with conventional organic dyes and semiconductor quantum dots.

Characterization of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide/Hexanol Reverse Micelles by Experimentally Benchmarked Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Encapsulation of small molecules, proteins, and other macromolecules within the protective water core of reverse micelles is emerging as a powerful strategy for a variety of applications. The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in combination with hexanol as a cosurfactant is particularly useful in the context of solution NMR spectroscopy of encapsulated proteins. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering is employed to investigate the internal structure of the CTAB/hexanol reverse micelle particle under conditions appropriate for high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The scattering profiles are used to benchmark extensive molecular dynamics simulations of this reverse micelle system and indicate that the parameters used in these simulations recapitulate experimental results. Scattering profiles and simulations indicate formation of homogeneous solutions of small approximately spherical reverse micelle particles at a water loading of 20 composed of ∼150 CTAB and 240 hexanol molecules. The 3000 waters comprising the reverse micelle core show a gradient of translational diffusion that reaches that of bulk water at the center. Rotational diffusion is slowed relative to bulk throughout the water core, with the greatest slowing near the CTAB headgroups. The 5 Å thick interfacial region of the micelle consists of overlapping layers of Br(-) enriched water, CTAB headgroups, and hexanol hydroxyl groups, containing about one-third of the total water. This study employs well-parametrized MD simulations, X-ray and neutron scattering, and electrostatic theory to illuminate fundamental properties of CTAB/hexanol reverse micelle size, shape, partitioning, and water behavior.

Highly Efficient Encapsulation of Anionic Small Molecules in Asymmetric Liposome Particles

Anionic small molecules are hard to penetrate the cell membranes because of their negative charges. Encapsulation of small molecules into liposome particles can provide target specific delivery of them. In our previous study, siRNA could be efficiently encapsulated into liposome particles using an asymmetric preparation method of liposomes. In this study, the same method was applied for encapsulation of small anionic fluorescent chemicals such as calcein and indocyanine green (ICG). More than 90% fluorescent chemicals were encapsulated in the asymmetric liposome particles (ALPs). No intracellular fluorescent signal was observed in the tumor cells treated with the unmodified calcein/ALPs and ICG/ALPs, whereas the surface modification with a cell-penetrating polyarginine peptide (R8 or R12) allows cellular uptake of the ALPs. The results demonstrate that the ALPs encapsulating small anionic drugs will be useful for target-specific delivery after modification of target-specific ligands.

Intermolecular Forces Driving Encapsulation of Small Molecules by PAMAM Dendrimers in Water

The nature and relative strength of the intermolecular interactions responsible for the behavior of PAMAM dendrimers as encapsulating agents were investigated in neutral aqueous solution through optical spectroscopy methods. In order of relative importance, we found electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, and interactions mediated by aromatic moieties in the guest molecules to be the main drivers to complex formation in these systems. Insights were gained by studying the binding of small targeted organic anions to these dendrimers (G3–G6) by an indicator displacement method, monitoring spectral signals (absorbance, fluorescence emission, and anisotropy). This study contributes to a more complete understanding of the fundamental interactions involved when these hyperbranched polyelectrolytes function as supramolecular hosts, a role they commonly assume in many of their applications e.g. as drug delivery vectors.

Layer-by-layer microcapsules for pH-controlled delivery of small molecules

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of pH on the encapsulation and release behavior of charged and neutral small molecules in layer-by-layer microcapsules (LbL-MC). Alternative layers of polystyrene sulfonate and polyallylamine hydrochloride polyelectrolytes were adsorbed onto calcium carbonate sacrificial templates. Six model small molecules including ascorbic acid, indomethacin, imatinib mesylate, rhodamine, 5-fluorouracil and estradiol were studied for their encapsulation in LbL-MC. Encapsulation efficiency was optimized for solute concentration, pH, incubation time and NaCl concentration. In vitro release studies were performed using dialysis membrane method at pH 4, 7.4 and 9. Optical microscopy and zetasizer results showed particles of 3.1 ± 0.2 μm diameter and 1.67 ± 0.87 mV potential. FTIR and differential scanning calorimeter studies confirmed the encapsulation of small molecules in LbL-MC. Encapsulation efficiency (%) of model molecules in LbL-MC increased with increase in solute concentration and increase in pH from 2 to 6. Interestingly, encapsulation efficiency was significantly greater for charged small molecules compared to neutral molecules. Extended release of charged molecules was achieved at pH 9. Kinetic modelling of release studies showed Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion of small molecules. In conclusion, LbL-MC can be developed as a potential carrier for small molecules depending on their physical and chemical properties.

An airflow-controlled solvent evaporation route to hollow microspheres and colloidosomes

A facile and large-scale method combining airflow-controlled solvent evaporation and amphiphilic copolymer self-assembly has been developed for the generation of hollow polymer microspheres, colloidosomes or even organic–inorganic hybrid colloidosomes. By replacing traditional agitation with the controllable airflow, this surfactant free route showed promising prospect in the fabrication of microcapsules with closed pore morphology. While the hollow polymer microspheres had an adjustable pore structure, the polymer colloidosomes and the hybrid colloidosomes possessed seamless surfaces, making them suitable for the stable encapsulation of small molecules. The hybrid colloidosomes constructed from polymer and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and the ternary hybrid colloidosomes derived from polymer, polymer nanospheres and Fe3O4 nanoparticles displayed superparamagnetic properties and were excellent contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. More importantly, both hybrid colloidosomes and ternary hybrid colloidosomes exhibited a significant evolution of pore morphology from a closed pore structure to an open pore structure in response to the temperature variation, which induced a controllable release of guest molecules.