Encapsulated Fat Necrosis Research Articles

ENCAPSULATED FAT NECROSIS OF THE MESENTERY: SURGICAL INTERVENTION BY INQUISITIVE OBSTRETRICIAN LEADING TO NEWER INSIGHTS FOR THE PATHOLOGIST

Lesions of the mesentery encompass a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. Being a metabolically active tissue, it is often subject to trauma and ischemia, which in turn can give rise to encapsulated masses. Encapsulated fat necrosis is one such nodular lesion which is often encountered by radiologists. It presents clinically with nonspecific abdominal symptoms, and many a times is discovered incidentally when imaging is done for other obvious pathologies. Though the lesion is known to shrink over time, surgical resection is often done to rule out other mimics, liposarcoma being the closest. Encapsulated mesenteric fat necrosis is a rare lesion and more so uncommonly found in association with pregnancy. Vascular hypoperfusion can be one of the hypotheses, although fetal role cannot be ruled out, especially in obese gravid females. We wish to document one such lesion detected intraoperatively, picked up incidentally suspecting to be a mesenteric cyst in a gravid obese female without history of trauma or predisposing factors, who underwent caesarian section at an institute in rural set up. The case also describes histopathological features of this interesting lesion for the pathologists.

Subcutaneous, abdominal, and thoracic encapsulated fat necrosis in bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus from Alaska, USA.

We describe a case series of encapsulated fat necrosis with subcutaneous, abdominal, and thoracic locations in 7 subsistence-harvested bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus. Masses had a variably-dense fibrous capsule surrounding necrotic adipocytes and calcium salts (saponification). One animal also had prior concussive injury, pleural fibrosis, and hepatic lipoma; the other animals had no significant findings. The described condition is uncommon in bowhead whales, with 7/575 (1.2%) observed from 1996 to 2015. The exact mechanisms of development of encapsulated fat necrosis in bowhead whales remain to be determined. Encapsulated fat necrosis has been reported in other baleen whales, humans, and cows. It is usually an incidental finding during post-mortem examination that needs to be differentiated from neoplastic and inflammatory lesions, as the latter may have public health implications. Assessment of further cases in bowhead whales and other baleen whales is warranted to better understand their pathogenesis.

Symptomatic Encapsulated Fat Necrosis: Unusual Cause of Abdominal Pain

Encapsulated fat necrosis can be can be found in the abdominal cavity and other parts of the body. It can be the cause of abdominal pain. We present a case of a patient with two encapsulated fat necrosis intra-abdominal in a patient with a history of three caesarean sections who consulted for abdominal pain. Encapsulated fat necrosis intraabdominal is thought to result from a traumatic or ischemic insult that causes degeneration of intra-abdominal fat tissues; in turn, the necrotic fatty tissue organizes within a thin or thick fibrous capsule. Encapsulated fat necrosis is most often follows exploratory laparotomies can be discovered by incidentally or during an exploratory laparoscopy.

Necrosis grasa subcutánea múltiple: correlación ecográficohistopatológica. Multiple encapsulated fat necrosis: histopathological relation to ultrasound findings

Encapsulated fat necrosis is a benign entity that has multiple possible conditions in the differential diagnosis. Because of this, the ultrasound and histological studies become highly relevant. We present a 14-year-old boy with this condition who exhibited numerous nodules that were detected after an intentional weight loss of 20kg. The ultrasound and histopathological examinations were necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Even though there is not a clear traumatic record in all cases, trauma constitutes the main hypothesis for its development, by decreasing the blood supply to the adipose tissue lobules and causing subsequent ischemic necrosis. Similar lesions have been described in the omentum and in the breast after surgical procedures or invasive diagnostic tests. In the ultrasound study, at least three presentation patterns have been described, which might match the three histological states, from early fat tissue degeneration to ultimate necrosis and even calcification. It is important to know the clinical characteristics, the ultrasound patterns, and the histological findings of this condition for an accurate diagnosis.

Fat misbehaving in the abdominal cavity: a pictorial essay.

Intra-abdominal fat is abundantly present in both the peritoneum and retroperitoneum. Fat necrosis or inflammation are common findings in abdominal imaging. The most common pathologies that we encounter are epiploic appendagitis, omental infarction, mesenteric panniculitis, and encapsulated fat necrosis. Less common entities that can occur are pancreatic saponification, heterotopic mesenteric ossification, and pseudolipoma of the capsule of Glisson. These entities can mimic more urgent pathologies such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, or malignancies.

9. Encapsulated fat necrosis of breast

9. Encapsulated fat necrosis of breast

Sonographic and CT findings of intraperitoneal focal fat infarction and its mimics

Objectives The term of intraperitoneal focal fat infarction (IFFI) is a group of self-limiting and relatively rare acute abdominal condition essentially characterized by infarction and/or torsion of the omentum and epiploic appendages. The purpose of this exhibit is to demonstrate the sonographic and CT findings of IFFI and its mimics. Methods IFFI represents the grouping of various acute abdominal conditions with the common denominator of spontaneous fatty tissue necrosis. We retrospectively reviewed the sonographic results in patients with acute abdominal pain, and selected uncommon entities such as greater omental infarction, lesser omental infarction, epiploic appendagitis or encapsulated fat necrosis. We also selected its mimics such as diverticulitis, appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer or other miscellaneous conditions. Results Regardless of differences of its anatomical location, the sonographic appearances of IFFI show similar as a hyperechoic, solid, non-compressible, ovoid, or cake-like mass with a location that corresponds to the region of maximum tenderness. The integrities of adjacent organs differentiate IFFI from the hyperechoic fat in cases of its mimics. We demonstrate sonographic findings of IFFI using diverse cases, highlighting the differential diagnosis at each location. Most of the cases were also correlated with CT imaging. Conclusion Familiarity and recognition of the sonographic appearances of IFFI can provide guidance for appropriate conservative managements that are essential for preventing an unnecessary surgery.

Skin Ultrasound Features of Encapsulated Fat Necrosis

Skin Ultrasound Features of Encapsulated Fat Necrosis

Subcutaneous encapsulated fat necrosis.

Key Clinical MessageWe have described subcutaneous encapsulated fat necrosis, which is benign, usually asymptomatic and underreported. Images have only been published on two earlier occasions, in which the necrotic nodules appear “pearly” than the cloudy yellow surface in present case. The presented image may help future surgeons to establish the diagnosis peroperatively.

Snapshot in surgery: intraperitoneal encapsulated fat necrosis.

Key Clinical MessageA 66-year-old man with rectal cancer was found to have an incidental ring-like lesion in the left rectovesical pouch. Histology revealed an encapsulated fat necrosis. Intraperitoneal encapsulated fat necroses are postulated to be a result of infarcted epiploic appendages resulting in a free-floating lesion.

Peritoneal loose body: A case report and comparison with encapsulated fat necrosis

Peritoneal loose body: A case report and comparison with encapsulated fat necrosis

Encapsulated fat necrosis mimicking subcutaneous liposarcoma: radiologic findings on MR, PET-CT, and US imaging

We present a case of a subcutaneous encapsulated fat necrosis of the upper extremity that mimicked subcutaneous liposarcoma because of heterogeneous signal intensity, its relatively large size, and pronounced enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For this case, we present the radiologic findings including MRI, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), ultrasonography, and radiography. We emphasize the imaging features of this lesion, which has a fibrous capsule and briefly discuss its nomenclature and pathophysiology.

Necrosis grasa intraabdominal

The processes that course with intraabdominal fat necrosis often manifest with acute or subacute abdominal pain; these clinical findings can be caused by various conditions, including epiploic appendagitis, omental infarction, encapsulated fat necrosis, mesenteric panniculitis, appendicitis, diverticulitis, and certain neoplasms. In this context, although the anatomic location of the pain and accompanying symptomatology can help orient the diagnosis, there is a risk of unnecessary surgery. Imaging tests like ultrasonography and especially computed tomography are essential for diagnosing intraabdominal fat necrosis. Radiologists must be familiar with the characteristic findings for all the conditions that can cause acute or subacute abdominal pain to ensure appropriate management and prevent unnecessary surgery.

Mobile Encapsulated Bodies Comprising Fat Necrosis and Fibrous Tissue in the Abdominal Cavity of Cows

The microscopical features of 18 samples of fat necrosis and/or fibrous tissue removed from the abdominal cavity during laparotomy from 15 cows were studied. The nodular, ivory-coloured mobile structures were free-floating in the abdominal cavity, were not attached to any abdominal tissues or organs, and were completely surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Abdominal fat necrosis (bovine lipomatosis) was not observed in any animal. The structures comprised either necrotic fat, fibrous tissue or varying proportions of both. Focal calcification and mild inflammatory cell infiltration and accumulations of haemosiderin were also present. Microscopically, the lesions resembled encapsulated fat necrosis occurring in human subcutaneous tissue. The mechanisms of development of these mobile encapsulated bodies in cows is unknown and it is not clear how, in the absence of a blood supply, there can be inflammatory cell infiltration, calcification and proliferation of fibroblasts.

小児に発生したＭｏｂｉｌｅ Ｅｎｃａｐｓｕｌａｔｅｄ Ｌｉｐｏｍａの１例

10歳，男児。約2年前より右脛骨前面に自覚症状のない，可動性のある皮下結節に気付くも放置していた。今回切除を希望して当院を受診した。皮下結節は，剥離を要さず容易に摘出された。病理組織所見は結合織性被膜に覆われた脂肪壊死を示し，mobile encapsulated lipoma と診断した。本疾患は小児例の報告は少なく，20歳以下のほとんどの症例はスポーツに伴う機械的外力の誘因がある。自験例においてもサッカー部に入っており，下腿に繰り返し外力を受けていた事が発症に関与していると考えられた。

Encapsulated fat necrosis: a form of traumatic panniculitis

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and VenereologyVolume 21, Issue 3 p. 405-406 Encapsulated fat necrosis: a form of traumatic panniculitis J Santos-Juanes, Corresponding Author J Santos-Juanes *Corresponding author, Hospital Central de Asturias, C/Julián Claveria s/n, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain, tel. +98 5208407; fax +98 5209609; E-mail: jocris@terra.comSearch for more papers by this authorP Coto, P Coto Service of Dermatology II, Hospital Central de Asturias, Department of Dermatology, University of País Vasco, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorC Galache, C Galache Service of Dermatology II, Hospital Central de Asturias, Department of Dermatology, University of País Vasco, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorJ Sánchez del Río, J Sánchez del Río Service of Dermatology II, Hospital Central de Asturias, Department of Dermatology, University of País Vasco, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorJ Soto de Delás, J Soto de Delás Service of Dermatology II, Hospital Central de Asturias, Department of Dermatology, University of País Vasco, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.Search for more papers by this author J Santos-Juanes, Corresponding Author J Santos-Juanes *Corresponding author, Hospital Central de Asturias, C/Julián Claveria s/n, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain, tel. +98 5208407; fax +98 5209609; E-mail: jocris@terra.comSearch for more papers by this authorP Coto, P Coto Service of Dermatology II, Hospital Central de Asturias, Department of Dermatology, University of País Vasco, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorC Galache, C Galache Service of Dermatology II, Hospital Central de Asturias, Department of Dermatology, University of País Vasco, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorJ Sánchez del Río, J Sánchez del Río Service of Dermatology II, Hospital Central de Asturias, Department of Dermatology, University of País Vasco, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorJ Soto de Delás, J Soto de Delás Service of Dermatology II, Hospital Central de Asturias, Department of Dermatology, University of País Vasco, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.Search for more papers by this author First published: 29 January 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01889.xCitations: 15 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01889.x Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume21, Issue3March 2007Pages 405-406 RelatedInformation

Subcutaneous thigh fat necrosis as a result of tourniquet control during total knee arthroplasty

The use of a pneumatic tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty has been linked to complications caused by local tissue hypoxia. Fat necrosis is a rare condition that presents as an ill-defined subcutaneous lesion. The clinical features resemble that of a lipoma but histological appearance is characteristic. Ultrasound imaging is helpful in establishing the diagnosis both by sonographic appearance as well as in directing a biopsy if necessary. We present a case of encapsulated fat necrosis caused by the use of a pneumatic tourniquet during total knee arthroplasty.

Encapsulated Fat Necrosisの1例

Encapsulated Fat Necrosisの1例

Mobile submuscular mass resembling a hard-boiled egg: case report

A 68-year-old woman had a rare mobile mass on her back. The mass was similar to encapsulated fat necrosis except for its unusual stalked appearance, large size, and high degreeof mobility underneath the anterior serratus muscle on the back. Based on previous descriptions of encapsulated fat necrosis, the clinical presentation of the mass might be regarded as an extreme example of this rare condition.

Encapsulated fat necrosis: a case of ‘thigh mouse’

Encapsulated fat necrosis is a rare condition with clinical features that closely resemble a lipoma. The aetiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood but the condition has a distinctive histological appearance. We describe a case of encapsulated fat necrosis that exhibited unusual mobility. The literature is also reviewed.