En-route Information Research Articles

PENCARIAN LOKASI FOTOGRAFI ASIA HERTITAGE BERBASIS LOCATION BASED SERVICE (LBS) MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA A-STAR

This research is conducted by Asia Heritage Pekanbaru, which is one of recreational culinary and tourism in Pekanbaru. Asia Heritage offers comprehensive options of attractions, culinary, and photography spots. Still, it has considerable setbacks being less en-route information and signs and pictures to symbolize the tracks en route to the place. This research is on developing a Location Based Service (LBS) application that utilizes A Star Algorithm. This application can detect object position and generates the shortest effective routes to the designated spot by using A Star Algorithm's active reaction to the entitled class. This research later reveals an application named "Asia Heritage." It is a Photographic application that helps and gives the user the features of available photo-on spots, location, attractions, detailed information, and creative editing for a unique and magnifying experience for each user.

System-level impacts of en-route information sharing considering adaptive routing

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication have great potential to improve traffic safety and mobility at intersection and road segment levels. However, since transportation is an interconnected network, local transportation state change could lead to broader impacts by rerouting. In this study, we focus on investigating the impacts of en-route locational information updates on the system-level safety and mobility considering adaptive routing of CAVs. We propose a novel two-stage stochastic traffic equilibrium model to characterize the equilibrium traffic patterns considering adaptive routing behavior when en-route traffic information is provided. The proposed methodology is tested using the Orlando transportation network with real traffic and accident data. Different I2V information sharing strategies are analyzed to better understand the impacts of information sharing locations of I2V on transportation network safety and mobility, through which we generate insights on the optimal design of traffic information sharing systems.

The Role of Information in the U.K. Passenger Rail Industry

In 1993, the U.K. passenger rail industry was privatized with expectations of greater investment, increased efficiency, and improved network performance. To date, progress has been mixed and the industry has been subject to a critical national press and passenger complaints that have reached record levels. The industry is continuing to develop a service that can do justice to its privatization. Passenger information is an important aspect of these improvements and national rail journey planning services are now heavily used. However, relatively little consideration has been given to understanding the role that information might play in assisting passengers who have already planned their journey but who encounter problems when they travel by train.Failure to execute a journey as planned can be severely disruptive to rail passengers in terms of lost time, expense, anxiety, and frustration. This article charts the development of the privatized rail industry and defines a set of journey breakdown situations that can be encountered by passengers. Insights are gained from passenger complaint letters. Such letters typically provide detailed accounts of journey breakdowns, attempts to recover the situations, and the use made of available information. Inaccurate or misunderstood pre-trip information is found to be a factor in many journey breakdowns. Accessible, timely, and appropriate provision of en-route information can improve passengers’ satisfaction by enabling completion of their immediate journey and might also be decisive in ensuring they have the confidence to use the rail network again in the future.

Analysis of the Conflict between Car Commuter's Route Choice Habitual Behavior and Traffic Information Search Behavior.

Motivated by the conflict between travelers’ habitual choice behavior and traffic information search behavior, in this paper, a behavioral experiment under different types of traffic information (i.e., per-trip traffic information and en-route traffic information) was designed to obtain data regarding car commuters’ daily route choices. Based on the observed data, participants’ route choices, habit strength, response time, and information search behaviors were analyzed. It is concluded that, in the beginning, the traffic information had a great influence on the habit participants’ route choices, let them think more, and made most of them switch from habit route to the best route (as recommended by traffic information); however, as time went on, the impact of traffic information declined, and several features of habits, such as automatically responding and repeated behavior, would reappear in some participants’ decision-making. Meanwhile, the different way of traffic information search behaviors (i.e., in active performance or in passive reception) could cause different information compliance ratios. These results would help to understand the interrelationship between car commuters’ daily route choice behaviors and traffic information search behaviors in short-term and in long-term, respectively, and provide an interesting starting point for the development of practical traffic information issuing strategies to enhance the impact of traffic information to alleviate traffic congestion during morning commuting.

Impacts of En-Route Information Sharing on System-Level Traffic Safety Considering Adaptive Routing

Impacts of En-Route Information Sharing on System-Level Traffic Safety Considering Adaptive Routing

Optimal Routing Policy for a Mixed Traffic Flow of Connected Vehicles and Regular Vehicles with En-route Information

Optimal Routing Policy for a Mixed Traffic Flow of Connected Vehicles and Regular Vehicles with En-route Information

The influence of variable message signs on en-route diversion between a toll highway and a free competing alternative

In the field of road transport, Advanced Traveller Information Systems represent a relevant tool to manage road traffic, improve drivers’ utility and make a more efficient use of transport infrastructure. Due to the growing sources of en-route information available nowadays, it is crucial to understand better its influence on drivers’ behaviour, particularly with regard to route choice. Previous research in this field has mainly focused on the provision of en-route information in toll-free environments. However, few researches have explored its influence when a tolled alternative is available. This paper is aimed at exploring the influence of variable message signs (VMS) information on drivers’ route choice, made between a free highway and a competing tolled alternative. To that end, we develop a binary logit analysis based on empirical data from the metropolitan area of Madrid, Spain. Results show that the type of information provided to drivers through VMS panels significantly influences their route choice when one of the alternatives is tolled. Furthermore, some combinations of messages, such as adding travel time estimates together with incident messages, greatly increase the diversion rate to the tolled route. The research also offers evidence that the influence of the information provided changes according to the type of day, which may be related to traffic conditions, and to the different types of user characteristic of weekday and weekend mobility.

An experimental study of the Online Information Paradox: Does en-route information improve road network performance?

This study investigates the empirical presence of a theoretical transportation paradox, defined as the “Online Information Paradox” (OIP). The paradox suggests that, for certain road networks, the provision of online information deteriorate travel conditions for all users of that network relative to the situation where no online information is provided to users. The analytical presence of the paradox was derived for a specific network structure by using two equilibrium models, the first being the Expected User Equilibrium (EUE) solution (no information scenario) and the other being the User Equilibrium with Recourse (UER) solution (with information scenario). An incentivised computerised route choice game was designed using the concepts of experimental economics and administered in a controlled laboratory environment to investigate the physical presence of the paradox. Aggregate statistics of path flows and Total System Travel Costs (TSTC) were used to compare the experimental results with the theoretical findings. A total of 12 groups of 12 participants completed the experiment and the OIP and the occurrence of the OIP being significant was observed in 11 of the 12 cases. Though information increased travel costs for users on average, it reduced the volatility of travel costs experienced in the no information scenario indicating that information can achieve a more reliable system. Further replications of similar experiments and more importantly field based identification of the phenomena will force transport professionals to be aware of the emergence of the paradox. In addition, studies such as this emphasise the need for the adoption of adaptive traffic assignment techniques to appropriately model the acquisition of information on a road network.

Considering dynamic knowledge updating in bounded rationality–based route choice modeling

To study the effect of en-route information on driver’s route choice behavior, a dynamic route choice modeling approach is proposed, which takes the driver’s knowledge updating process into consideration. A Bayesian network is developed to describe the en-route travel time updating process. Within the framework of the cumulative prospect theory, a choice model is conducted to analyze the driver’s route choice behavior at each decision node. A numerical example is carried out to illustrate the application of the dynamic route choice modeling approach. The result demonstrates that the route choice behavior considering en-route information is a dynamic process. The traditional route choice model based on cumulative prospect theory without considering en-route information is also employed as a reference in the experiment. From the comparison, the dynamic route choice modeling approach in which a driver’s knowledge of making en-route decisions is taken into account has a better goodness of fit. A stated preference survey is carried out to investigate drivers’ route choice behaviors under different traffic scenario. The result indicates that the proposed approach could provide a more accurate description to driver’s route choice behavior under the conditions of uncertainty.

Influence of Integrated Multimodal Travel Information on Holiday Trip Chain Characteristics

Based on the RP-SP data collected in the holiday travel behavior survey in 2013, this paper analyzed the impact effect of integrated multimodal travel information (IMTI) on the holiday trip chain characteristics. General statistical analysis is adopted to compare the trip chain structural characteristics, spatial-temporal characteristics and the mode split under the IMTI service or not. The results show that, under the influence of IMTI, 9% of the travelers will cancel their trips and 13% will change their trip mode. Moreover, the pre-trip information has a significant influence on the activity point number, trip chain length and travel time, has moderate influence on activity duration, and has weak influence on transfer time and trip distance. On the other hand, the en-route information has weak influence on the trip chain structure and spatiotemporal characteristics.

Travel behavior changes and responses to advanced traveler information in prolonged and large-scale network disruptions: A case study of west LRT line construction in the city of Calgary

The objective of this study was the investigation of travel behavioral effects of the reduction in traffic capacity resulting from the construction of the West LRT (Light Rail Transit) line in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Travelers’ responses to real-time information providing traffic updates and advisory detours due to lane/road closures were also examined. The West LRT alignment extends approximately 8.2km from downtown into the city’s southwest. Many road closures took place in the vicinity of the LRT line construction zones, inducing significant delays to traffic. Data on travelers’ behavioral responses and responses to real-time information were obtained by conducting a survey on a sample of users of the main road affected by the construction. The survey also investigated the effects of West LRT line construction on drivers’ daily commutes, including increases in travel times, mode choices, alternate route choices, and selection of sources of information on traffic conditions. A significant change in the selection of transportation mode was caused by West LRT construction. Throughout the construction period, there was a decrease in the percentage of respondents who reported private vehicles as their first choice and an increase in the percentage of respondents who preferred public transit as their first and second choices. Radio was found to be the most preferred source for traffic updates and detour advice, followed by variable message signs (VMS). The findings of the en-route information model showed that driving experience, employment status, travel time and purpose, and desire for pre-trip information had significant effects on traveler’s rerouting decisions after getting en-route information through VMS. The results from this study are of interest for understanding behavioral changes for the purposes of traffic management, mitigation schemes and design of advanced traveler information systems in response to network disruptions.

Study on Drivers’ Comprehension of Advanced Graphical Route Information Panel Considering Individual Attributes

Graphical route information panels (GRIPs) have been commonly used on expressways in Japan to provide drivers with en-route traffic information. Although GRIPs have many advantages over variable message signs (VMSs), too much information and too complex displays may prevent drivers from properly understanding of the provided information. This study proposes advanced GRIPs in which LED displays showing pictograms and moving symbols are installed to assist drivers’ comprehension. The following results were obtained from an online survey conducted to investigate the impact of LED displays: (i) pictograms and moving symbols are helpful to most drivers to correctly understand the event information on GRIPs, but at the same time, they prevent drivers from understanding the travel time information; (ii) in terms of drivers’ comprehension there is a possibility to provide information about natural events (fog and tidal wave) by displaying pictograms or moving symbols on GRIPs.

The impact of travel information’s accuracy on route-choice

Advanced Travel Information Systems (ATISs) are designed to assist travellers in making better travel choices by providing pre-trip and en-route information such as travel times on the relevant alternatives. Travellers’ choices are likely to be sensitive to the accuracy of the provided information in addition to travel time uncertainty. A route-choice experiment with 36 participants, involving 20 repetitions under three different levels of information accuracy was conducted to investigate the impact of information accuracy. In each experiment respondents had to choose one of three routes (risky, useless and reliable). Provided information included descriptive information about the average estimated travel times for each route, prescriptive information regarding the suggested route and experiential feedback information about the actual travel times on all routes. Aggregate analysis using non-parametric statistics and disaggregate analysis using a mixed logit choice model were applied. The results suggest decreasing accuracy shifts choices mainly from the riskier to the reliable route but also to the useless alternative. Prescriptive information has the largest behavioural impact followed by descriptive and experiential feedback information. Risk attitudes also seem to play a role. The implications for ATIS design and future research are further discussed.

Assessing the benefits of integrated en-route transit information systems and time-varying transit pricing systems in a congested transit network

This paper proposes a model for assessing the effects of the integrated implementation of en-route transit information systems (ETIS) and time-varying transit pricing systems (TTPS). The proposed model reveals the interaction between ETIS and TTPS, and the potential benefit of the joint implementation. There are two classes of passengers: those equipped and those unequipped with ETIS. It is assumed that unequipped passengers make their travel choices according to stochastic dynamic user optimal principles, with equipped passengers having a lower perception variation of travel cost due to the availability of better information. A bi-level program is formulated to model the integrated effects on passengers’ departure time choice behavior, route choice behavior, transit network performance, and transit operators’ revenue. The lower level is a multi-class stochastic dynamic transit assignment model. The combined system total cost and operators’ benefits under varied transit conditions are investigated with a numerical example.

COMMUTERS' SWITCHING BEHAVIOR AND TRAFFIC INFORMATION USES

The peak hour congestion is derived by concentration of commuters in a big city. To avoid the traffic congestion, commuting drivers change their original departure time or route based on traffic information and previous experiences, and by doing that, commuters can arrive at workplace on time. In this study, the relative importance of factors influencing on commuters' switching behavior was analyzed using binomial probit model, and the frequency of traffic information uses was analyzed using count models such as negative binomial and Poisson regression model for both the home-to-work and work-to-home trip in Seoul. The estimation results showed that there are remarkable differences from commuters' switching behavior of home-to-work and work-to-home trip, and provided the insight into relative effects of factors on the frequency of pre-route and en-route information uses.

Modeling drivers' diversion from normal routes under ATIS using generalized estimating equations and binomial probit link function

Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) provide travelers with real time traffic information to optimize their travel choices. The objective of this paper is to model drivers' diversion from their normal routes in the provision of ATIS. Five different scenarios of traffic information are used. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) framework with repeated observations and binomial probit link function is introduced and implemented. GEE with four different correlation structures including the independent case are developed and compared with each other and with regular Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). A travel simulator was used. Sixty-five subjects have traveled 10 simulated trial days each on a 40-link realistic network with real historical congestion levels. The results showed that providing traffic information increases the probability of drivers' diversion from their normal routes. Adding advice to the pre-trip and/or en-route information encourages drivers to divert. Providing en-route in addition to the pre-trip information with or without advice increases the diversion probability. High travel time on the normal route and less travel time on the diverted route increase the probability of diversion. High-educated drivers are less likely to divert. Expressway users are more likely to divert from their normal routes under ATIS. Drivers' familiarity with the device that provides the information and high number of traffic signals on the normal route increase the diversion probability.

On the online shortest path problem with limited arc cost dependencies

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the stochastic shortest path problem with recourse when limited forms of spatial and temporal arc cost dependencies are accounted for. Recourse is defined as the opportunity for a decision maker to reevaluate his or her remaining path when en‐route information is available. Formulations with recourse typically provide opportunities for corrective actions when information becomes available; information here is modeled as arc cost dependencies, defined as spatial and temporal. System properties are stated and proved and solution algorithms are developed for limited cases of spatial and temporal arc cost dependencies. The numerical results verify some of the theoretical insights and demonstrate the applicability of the introduced algorithms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effects of traffic information provision strategies to mitigate traffic ongestion for within day and day-to-day dynamic environments

Modeling interactions between congestion and travel decisions (mode, route, and departure time) has been one of the hottest research agenda since early initiation of the travel modeling practices. Recently, with the intelligent transport systems (ITS) components available on top of existing traditional transportation systems, information has become to play a more important role by affecting drivers choosing travel options and thereby modifying their travel behavior. Such being the case, the inclusion of effects caused by traffic information into the modeling framework has been expected both to reflect the actual ITS condition and to more effectively use the model to control and manage the congested traffic network. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to assess the effects of the pre-trip and en-route traffic information provision based on the dynamic models. For this, both day-to-day dynamic and within day traffic assignment models have been formulated and their solution algorithms have been proposed, respectively. To test the models applicability, some information providing strategies such as user optimal based, system optimal based, and mixed in-between strategy have been proposed to identify which scheme is best in attaining certain goal such as minimum traffic congestion. The implementation has been made using a sample road network and some discussions have also been made along with some future research agenda.

Laboratory Evaluation of Real-Time Dynamic Traffic Assignment Systems

The success of Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) and Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) depends on the availability and dissemination of timely and accurate estimates of prevailing and emerging traffic conditions, as well as the provision of faithful and coherent pretrip and en-route travel information and advisory to travelers. Real-time Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) systems, envisioned as an ATMS support system that resides in transportation management centers, are being developed to supply these estimates and information. To ensure the deployment potential of such DTA systems in the field, extensive laboratory evaluations are required throughout the development process. This article discusses a software environment that economically supports the development and evaluation of DTA systems. A major simulation component developed under this environment is called a DTA evaluation system (DES). The DES is a virtual representation of a transportation system in which ATMS and ATIS technologies are deployed. It simulates the trip-making and vehicle-driving behaviors of travelers in response to real-time information and advisories from ATIS and ATMS. This article presents (1) major DES modeling capabilities required for developing and evaluating DTA systems, (2) a modular and extensible modeling framework for the DES, and (3) a top-level, object-oriented, and distributed DES design.

The effect of information on commuters' behavior: A comparative micro-simulation approach

This paper presents a micro simulation model for studying the effect of information on commuters' behavior during morning peak congestion, and its impact is examined here in relation to network performance. The model is fed by survey data of perceived behavior in two cities in two different countries: Israel and Sweden. The model considers parameters such as: home-to-work trips, constraints with respect to the arrival time at the destination, exposure to various levels of information, flexibility of the mode of transportation, pre-trip information and en-route information.