En Marche Research Articles

마크롱의 드골주의 노선 추구와 대서양동맹의 갈등

Emmanuel Macron, representing the newly formed party 'En Marche' and advocating for centrist policies, successfully won the presidency in 2017, gaining popularity among the French population. After taking office, President Macron implemented economically right-leaning policies while also bolstering welfare programs as part of an expansion of left-leaning social initiatives. In terms of foreign policy, he positioned himself as an ideological successor to President de Gaulle, who led the Fifth Republic of France. He strategically utilized the transatlantic alliance's division caused by President Trump in executing his foreign policy, aiming to establish a 'New European Order' with fellow Europeans. Additionally, after the UK's Brexit referendum, he worked towards expanding France's influence in Europe, following the traditional Gaullist path that lies at the core of French right-wing ideology.
 This study analyzes how President Macron effectively demonstrated the strengthening of France's position, in line with the principles of Gaullism, amid the shifting dynamics of the European order. This was achieved through the deepening of European integration, the collaborative construction of Europe by Europeans, the enhancement of strategic autonomy, and the prioritization of security within the EU over NATO. Ultimately, President Macron incorporated a significant portion of the Gaullist approach into his foreign policy, aiming for an independent and self-reliant European policy for France. He sought to implement this Gaullist approach through the EU, working to empower France to make decisions and take action independently in its relations with the United States. This study illustrates his efforts to enable the EU to operate autonomously in matters of diplomacy, security, and defense.

Emmanuel Macron's 2017 and 2022 Presidential Campaigns: Selected Aspects

The aim of this article is to analyse Emmanuel Macron's 2017 and 2022 election campaigns. The first part of the article focuses on Macron's 2017 campaign, taking into account elements specific to election campaigns, such as election slogans, social media activity, the electoral programme, television debates, and describes the main themes of the election campaign, along with a discussion of the results of the first and second rounds of the election. An analogous analysis is then presented in relation to the 2022 election campaign. The issue of the war in Ukraine and its role for the campaign taking place at the same time is highlighted. The paper concludes by considering the differences noted in the two campaigns run by the leader of the En Marche!/ Renaissance.

France: Political Developments and Data for 2022

AbstractAs an election year for President Macron and his majority, 2022 proved itself a challenge. President Macron did win his run‐off against Le Pen, once again, but the key result of the legislative elections was the formation of a minority government. LREM (La République En Marche!), relabeled since as Revival, did not secure a majority in the National Assembly and was unable to form a stable coalition with any significant partner in the context of continuing polarization of the party system. The year 2022 brought unexpected developments on the left, with a new coalition called Nupes (New Popular Green and Social Union, Nouvelle Union Populaire Ecologique et Sociale) and bringing together all major left‐wing parties under the leadership of Mélenchon and LFI (La France Insoumise). Meanwhile, the two formerly dominant parties since the 1980s, the Socialist Party and the Republicans, have almost vanished from the scene.

POLITICAL RHETORIC RELATED TO IMMIGRATION IN THE 2017 FRENCH PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN

This article discusses the political rhetoric regarding immigration and the presence of immigrants declared by the French presidential candidates in the 2017 French presidential election. The issue of immigration is one of the most important aspects of French domestic and foreign policy. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions and acceptance of immigrants from the 2017 French presidential candidates, and their impact on the French public. The theory used in this research is Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional models, namely the microstructural, mesostructural, and macrostructural dimensions. The data taken is the first source in the form of newspapers, online media, books, and journal articles. The results of this study indicate that the political rhetoric by presidential candidates in the 2017 French presidential election campaign forms its own identity and acceptance of immigrants in the French public view. Five French presidential candidates presented rhetoric related to immigration and the existence of immigrants with different framing according to the party ideology they adhere to. However, the rhetoric presented by presidential candidate Macron from En Marche! is more acceptable to French society than other presidential candidates.

En Marche! – nowy ruch czy nowa partia?

En Marche! – New Political Movement or New Party? The Program and the Structure In the face of the emergence of new political movements and political parties, clearly defining these formations has emerged as a specific difficulty. The subject of the article is the La République En Marche! It came up as a movement, then transformed into a political party, gaining in popularity and securing victories in the parliamentary elections. The aim of the paper is to present the genesis and transformations within this organization and its present program. An attempt will also be made to answer the question – whether in the case of En Marche! we can talk about a new political movement, a new political party or a hybrid political organization that combines the elements of both the movement and the party.

Division within the French Centre Right during the Hollande presidency: the case of cultural insecurity

ABSTRACTThis article will contend that the concept of ‘cultural insecurity’ is crucial to explaining the divisions within Les Républicains during the Hollande presidency. While this notion has been used to account for the falling number of working-class voters who support the Centre Left, we will argue that concern about a changing society was more widespread, and affected prosperous groups that were benefitting from economic growth, as well as those who felt that they were losing out. We will show that the Centre Right was split between two groups—socially conservative Traditionalists, who formed a majority within the party, and more socially liberal Modernists. Fillon was successful in the 2016 primary because he won the support of the Traditionalists. However, this strategy reinforced this division within the party, as Fillon’s policies alienated many Juppéistes, some of whom joined En Marche before the presidential elections, whilst others defected after Fillon’s defeat. Another section of the party left to form a new movement, Agir. Cultural insecurity therefore helps to explain the splits within Les Républicains between 2012 and 2017, and why the party has remained so divided after its defeat.

Julia Cagé, Le prix de la démocratie

The issue of campaign financing regularly makes headlines, whether it is the suspected Libyan funding of Nicolas Sarkozy’s campaign, the lack of transparency surrounding the donors to the young political party “En Marche,” or even the salary arrangements of the staff working on Jean-Luc Melenchon’s last presidential campaign. Rather than resorting to sensationalism, economist Julia Cage has decided to approach the topic seriously, with the goal of scrutinizing the systems of political financi...

Casting an invalid vote at the 2017 French presidential election

France voted for a new president on May 7, 2017. Emmanuel Macron, the candidate for the social liberal party En Marche!, won in a runoff election against Marine Le Pen, the candidate for the right-wing populist and nationalist party Front National. An enormous increase can be recorded comparing the shares of blank and spoiled ballot papers in the first round on 23 April, when no candidate won a majority, with that of the runoff election, which was held between the top two candidates less than a month later. Exceeding 11% in the 2017 runoff election all in all, invalid voting is more common than it has ever been before. In light of this, there is a strong suspicion that numerous voters—in particular those who did not vote for one of the top two candidates in the first round—decided to vote blank or spoiled their ballot paper in the second round. However, this conventional wisdom has not yet been tested empirically.

Spatial analysis of La République En Marche and French Parties, 2002–2017

This article uses spatial analysis and regressions of party manifestos to investigate possible contributing factors of President Macron’s novel political party, La Republique En Marche (LREM), success in the 2017 legislative elections, particularly if LREM sits in a unique spatial position among French political parties in the wake of traditional, mainstream parties vacating the center position. This study uses both the economic left–right axis and the post-materialist, GAL-TAN axis accompanied by an analysis of the degree to which each party expresses sentiment about Europe. This approach permits a unique analysis of legislative elections since 2002 in order to set the stage for a multifaceted analysis of the 2017 spatial arrangement. Given the peculiarities of 2017, this study also attempts to examine the electoral momentum of President Macron’s victory as a contributing factor to LREM’s success. Ultimately, LREM is shown to exist in a unique position among French political parties, particularly in the wake of all traditional parties vacating the center point and the right wing having no proximal competition to LREM. Portions of the results point to a possible shift in the saliency of ideology as well as a new system polarity emerging.

Modernizing France or Dismantling its Social Contract? Macron's Reforms

This case uses France's labor market and regulation reforms in 2018 to illustrate how deregulation and labor market reforms can affect an economy's potential GDP. The case discusses President Emmanuel Macron's efforts to boost economic growth through economic liberalization, focusing on small- and medium-sized enterprises. The material allows for an examination of the effects of regulation on labor policy. If implemented, would the reforms boost broadly based growth? Would lowering taxes and regulation continue to boost France's economy, or would it unnecessarily put France's social safety net at risk? Excerpt UVA-GEM-0164 Rev. Jan. 15, 2020 Modernizing France or Dismantling Its Social Contract? Macron's Reforms After a decisive victory in May 2017, Emmanuel Macron became France's youngest president in modern history at age 39. His background in investment banking and government finances made it almost certain that economic reform would be high on his agenda. Indeed, he soon began implementing a variety of policy and industry reforms with the goal of easing or eliminating staid rules in areas such as taxation, employment, and regulation. In June 2018, Macron sought to further boost economic growth with a new round of economic liberalization, this time focusing on small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). A former member of the Socialist Party, Macron began shifting toward the political center during his previous post as minister of the economy, industry, and digital affairs—a shift capped by his formation of the En Marche! (now La Republique en Marche!) party in 2015. Presiding over a parliamentary majority, Macron boasted considerable sway over his country's policies and institutions. But there had been blowback to many of his efforts, with political opponents on both the left and right arguing that Macron's reforms went too far, undermining France's longstanding social safety net and catering to the interests of the rich at the expense of the poor. In late 2018 and early 2019, violent street protests exploded across the country, including an attack on a Paris government building instigated by the so-called Yellow Vests and men dressed in black. Roads were blocked, bonfires were lit, and skirmishes with security forces were widespread. These upheavals coincided with uncertain Brexit negotiations in the European Union (EU), drawing increased scrutiny to Macron's ambitious reform plans to make France daring again alongside neighboring EU countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom, as well as overseas competitors like China and the United States. Would his reforms receive the needed support from other politicians, businesses, and the general public? And if implemented, would the reforms boost broadly based growth and help reverse Macron's dismal approval numbers? In late 2018, Macron capitulated on some of his least popular reforms, such as a gasoline tax. He also raised the minimum wage, though he remained committed to many other labor market reforms. So, observers wondered, was Macron surrendering? Or was he simply making a tactical retreat? . . .

En Marche Movement and its Social Networks : Comparing the Facebook networks between the period of Presidential Election and Legislative Election

En Marche Movement and its Social Networks : Comparing the Facebook networks between the period of Presidential Election and Legislative Election

To What Extent can Chronic Diseases be Prevented in the United Kingdom and the Rest of the West?

The public health challenge of our generation and indeed generations to come is the effective management of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The task is fraught with complexity and plagued by paradox. On one hand we laud our efforts in increasing life expectancy but on the other we are stunned by dementia, the flipside of improved longevity. Depression has risen to prime place at the summit of morbidity tables in the West and obesity (in particular, child obesity) is on the rise. There is effective public health action aimed at smoking, physical activity uptake and obesity but the yield is slow and the process complex. Thrown into the mix is the powerful lobby of commercial interests opposed to real change and government inaction in tackling health inequalities. Noncommunicable disease account for 60% of annual deaths and will cost the global economy US$47 trillion over the next twenty years. With a concise review of mass public health action on targeted lifestyle choices, the author evaluates the future impact of NCDs in this most relevant of debates on the advance of chronic illness. ‘Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs) En Marche’ seems a fitting contemporary title for this discourse; it symbolizes our current predicament with chronic or non-communicable diseases. NCDs are an enormous public health challenge and in many ways present a more formidable opponent than the old communicable disease foe. In the West, the leading cause of death and disease is ill health characterized by a protracted clinical course, linked to key life style choices or consumption behaviors and a rather complicated prevention strategy. NCDs now constitute 60% of global mortality, accounting for about 34 million deaths each year [1]. The focus of attention is how much prevention strategies can limit the scourge of NCDs in the western world? And how many of the unique hurdles can we scale on the way to reversing the ascend of NCD related ill-health?