Employment-related Factors Research Articles

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE STUDENTS TO JOIN IN INCUBATION CENTERS OF ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS IN BANGALORE CITY, KARNATAKA STATE

The primary motive of this research paper is to study the level of influence of motivational factors on the students to join in incubation centres functioning in colleges in Bangalore city. The researcher considered 689 students who were studying commerce and management courses from 86 colleges, from whom the primary data were gathered through questionnairein online mode. The researcher identified a total of 23 factors which probably influence them. The researcher applied Factor Analysis, Descriptive Statistics (Mean, Standard Deviation and Co-efficient of variation), t-test and One-way ANOVA for analysing the data. The study found that the “Factors Related to Favourable Business Conditions” influenced the respondents more to join in incubation centres followed by the factors “Psychological Factors”, “Academic and Incubation Centre Related Factors” and “Financial and Employment Related Factors” and the factor “Family and Personal Factors” influenced to a moderate extent on the respondents to join in incubation centres. The study also evidenced that significant differences were found in level of influence of family and personal factors with the factors native area, family size, parent’s occupation and income. There were significant differences in level of influence of financial and employment related factors with the factors native area, family size, parent’s occupation and income. Significant differences was there in Factors of Favourable Business Conditions with native area, parent’s occupation and type of institution. Type of institutions made significant differences in Academic and Incubation Centre Related Factors.

Understanding the landscape: assistive technology and work challenges for people with disabilities in Saudi Arabia

Barriers, such as inadequate accessibility and accommodation, may impede employment access and progression for people with disabilities (PwDs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study examined how assistive technology (AT) utilization influences the employment experiences of PwDs in KSA. We explored AT types in use and whether gender, age, and disability type shape AT effectiveness. We sought to identify challenges hindering AT adoption, and effectiveness in workplaces. We explored potential remedies through government and corporate actions. A qualitative case-report study was conducted with 13 PwDs (10 males, 3 females; age range, 26‒47 years) of varying occupations. Diverse disabilities were represented: cognitive impairment, speech impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), visual impairment, mobility impairment, hearing impairment, learning disability, dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), physical impairment, and anxiety disorder. Individual interviews were conducted in Arabic with open-ended questions addressing employment opportunities, work challenges, the importance of employment, and employment-related factors. Mixed descriptive and inductive methods were used to identify themes. The participants also completed a 21-item Likert-type standardized exploratory questionnaire. The findings indicated that workplace inclusivity of PwDs and widespread AT adoption in KSA are hindered by a lack of awareness, stigma, accommodation costs, limitations of technical compatibility or lack of standardization, and inadequate AT training and technical support. Greater disability inclusion support in workplace environments, with tailored assistance and comprehensive accessibility measures, is needed in KSA. Companies should pursue accommodation individualization and actions aimed at improving awareness and reducing stigma. Governments should pursue legislation that supports AT adoption and awareness campaigns.

Working in emergency services in Germany: cross-sectional data on violence experience and perception

Abstract Background Violence in emergency medical services (EMS) continues to be a topic of concern. Experiencing violence impedes the workers’ wellbeing, thus impairing the coverage and quality of EMS. We explored employment-related factors associated with violence experience and perception. Methods We conducted an anonymous online-based survey among EMS staff in Germany (09.2023-01.2024). Participants reported on their work setting, frequency of violent experiences and perception of violence. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were calculated. Results Of 224 participants with completed questionnaires, 86 reported to have been exposed to physical violence (PV) in the past 12 months (Median number of events=2.00) and 129 reported to have experienced non-physical violence (NPV; Median number of events=5.00) with the majority of participants reporting that all cases occurred during assignment (n(PV)=79; n(NPV)=86). Of those, 78 reported PV by patients and 5 by colleagues, while in NPV cases 113 participants experienced violence by patients and 40 by colleagues. Women had a higher probability of reporting PV experiences compared to men (OR = 2.214, p=.010). Reporting NPV experiences was negatively associated with age between 45 and 49 (compared to ≤ 24 years, OR=.291, p=.019) and having worked for the current employer for ≥16 years (OR=.339, p=.035). Participants who have experienced violence in the past year had a higher likelihood of perceiving a general increase in the prevalence of violence in EMS (PV: OR = 6.766, p<.001; NPV: OR = 1.688, p=.047). Conclusions Younger EMS workers with juniority have a higher probability of reporting experiencing NPV. Women are more likely to report experiencing PV. It remains to be explored, if these associations refer to the experiences of violence, to reporting frequency or both. Regardless, the majority of respondents perceive an increase in violence within the work setting of EMS, especially if they have been subjected to it themselves. Key messages • EMS professionals experience significant levels of physical and non-physical violence originating from patients and colleagues. • Sex, age and seniority may affect the likelihood of EMS professionals of experiencing physical or non-physical violence.

Systematic Review of Parents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Children in Southeast Asia: Work-related Factors

Considering the rising cases of ASD among children, this paper aims to investigate the extent to which work-related factors have been examined in studies conducted on parents of children with ASD within the Southeast Asia (SEA) region. Using the PRISMA framework, a search was conducted on three databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science), yielding 38 studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) focusing on parents of ASD children, (2) conducted in the SEA region, and (3) articles, excluding systematic and meta-analyses. Of the 38 studies, 24 were from Malaysia, 9 from Singapore, 3 from the Philippines, 1 from Indonesia, and 1 from Vietnam. No articles were found for Brunei, Burma, Myanmar, Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Laos and Thailand. The focus, across the 38 studies, was primarily on the effects of the ASD child's therapies and interventions on parents, followed by parenting stress and quality of life (QOL). Employment-related factors were seen in sub-themes of five studies from Malaysia and Singapore. The review showed a limited focus on employment-related concerns amongst working parents with ASD children within the SEA region. The study's limitations include the lack of studies from other SEA countries such as Brunei, Burma, Myanmar, Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Laos, and Thailand. It is suggested that future research should focus on work-related factors for this underrepresented population while considering the roles of individual, gender, cultural, and religious factors.

Abstract 805: Employment characteristics and work ability differences by race and income before undergoing curative treatment for prostate cancer (PCW WF-1802)

Abstract Background: African American (AA) men are, on average, diagnosed with prostate cancer at younger ages and more advanced stages than white men and therefore may be at greater risk of having cancer treatment negatively impact their work ability and job opportunities. This longitudinal, observational study aims to better identify whether race, household income (< or ≥ 300% the U.S. poverty line), or work-related factors may place some men with prostate cancer at greater risk for experiencing negative employment impacts from cancer treatment and its side effects. Here we report on individual and employment-related factors by race and income prior to treatment initiation. Methods: AA and white men who were expected to undergo primary curative treatment (prostatectomy or radiation therapy) in the near future for prostate cancer were recruited through the Wake Forest NCORP Research Base (UG1CA189824, NCT03963739) between 2019 and 2023. Participants were AA or white, recently employed, expecting to be working in 6 months, and willing to disclose income status. Participants answered questions prior to treatment initiation related to employment and working conditions, work ability, and demographic characteristics. Differences in outcomes by race and income were analyzed with Fisher's exact test or t-test. Results: The baseline questionnaire was completed by 244 men; 48% AA/52% white and 64% higher/36% lower Income. Most planned treatments included radiation therapy (60%) and/or prostatectomy (41%), with no statistical differences by income or race. Higher income men were significantly more likely than lower income men to be married, have attained higher education, have a management or professional job, work full-time, be a permanent employee, salaried, eligible to retain their job under FMLA, work in an office/home, have a psychologically demanding job, and less likely to hold a physically demanding job. AA men were significantly less likely than white men to be married, have attained higher education, have a management or professional job, or work in an office/home. AA men were more continuously hopeful about the future (69%) compared to white men (52%; p=0.0079). There were no significant differences across categories in age, perceived current work ability in relation to physical (69% very good) or mental (71% very good) demands, or number of jobs held. Prior to treatment, participants reported almost optimal current work ability (mean 9.0, SD 1.2) with a range of 0 to 10 with 10 as best possible work ability. Conclusion: In this study, income category is a greater predictor than race of job characteristics that may impact employment following definitive prostate cancer treatment. Citation Format: Joanne C. Sandberg, Emily V. Dressler, Louis S. Krane, Karen M. Winkfield, Lingyi Lu, Andrew M. Mayfield, Drew C. Monitto, J. Daniel Pennington, Deimante M. Tamkus, Glenn J. Lesser. Employment characteristics and work ability differences by race and income before undergoing curative treatment for prostate cancer (PCW WF-1802) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 805.

Prevalence of ocular morbidity among industrial workers of Eastern Nepal

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ocular morbidity among industrial workers. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in four industries of Koshi Province. The demographic information gathered encompassed details such as age and gender. Employment-related factors included the nature of work, years of experience, and the type of industry. Economic considerations, such as monthly pay scale and job responsibilities, were also explored. Educational background and awareness of ocular hazards in the workplace, along with knowledge about safety devices, constituted crucial components of the survey. Comprehensive ocular examinations, along with assessments for color vision, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis, were carried out on-site in collaboration with the outreach team of Biratnagar Eye Hospital. A structured schedule was administered through face-to-face interviews and documented. Results: In the present study, A total of 359 industrial workers were screened; among them, 321 (89%) were male, and 38 (11%) were Female, with a mean age of 43.72 ± 10.18. The majority of them were from 40 to 49 years of age group 135 (37.6%). The overall prevalence of ocular morbidity among the workers was 289, (80.50%). The highest rate of ocular morbidity was seen in sugar industry 98, (89.9%) followed by the jute industry 85, (80.18%), the soap industry 59, (74.68%), and the dairy industry 47, (72.30%). Presbyopia 166, (46.23%) emerged as the most common ocular morbidity among all workers. A history of ocular injuries was found in 115, (32%) of workers, and only 19% of workers used ocular safety devices. The main reason for not using ocular safety devices was due to unavailability (65%). Conclusion: The research highlights a significant prevalence of ocular morbidity among industrial workers, with presbyopia emerging as the most common ocular disorder.

Prevalence of Work Ability and its Associated Factors among Secondary School Teachers in Selangor, Malaysia

Introduction: Work ability is the relationship between a person’s personality, health, lifestyle, and employment-related factors. There are, however, few studies evaluating the variables linked to school teachers’ work ability. The purpose of this study was to assess school teachers’ work ability and the factors that affect it. Methods: A cross-sectional study of secondary school teachers was carried out. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, body mass index, low back pain (LBP), psychological factors, work-related factors, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and work ability were all collected through the questionnaire. The association between potential factors and job ability was investigated using ordinal logistic regression. Results were presented using odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Results: Of 1280, there were 1037 (81.0%) teachers who returned the questionnaire. The majority (71.9%) of the participants had moderate work ability, while 22.6% had good, and 5.5% had poor work ability. None of them were particularly had excellent work ability. The factors associated with increased work ability in the multivariable analysis were better HRQoL, namely physical (OR 1.11, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.15) and mental (OR 1.12, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.16) health and wellbeing. Conclusion: Positive associations exist between a teacher’s work ability and their physical and emotional well-being. Henceforth suggesting that these factors should be incorporated in workplace health promotion programs to maintain teachers’ work ability.

Tools to assess employment readiness for colorectal cancer survivors: A scoping review.

The ability to return to work and remain at work is an important recovery milestone after a cancer diagnosis. With the projected number of colorectal cancer patients of working age likely to increase, it is important to identify when a person is ready to resume work. There are many employment-related tools available to help people return to work after injury or illness; however, it is unknown which may be suitable for a person with colorectal cancer. To identify tools related to employment readiness in colorectal cancer survivors and to chart the relevant factors of employment assessed by these tools. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Medline, the Cochrane library and PsycINFO using search terms around cancer, survivorship and employment to identify all peer-reviewed articles published in English up to June 2022. Thirty-five studies used a total of 77 tools focused on assessing employment issues experienced by people with cancer in general. Four tools were used with colorectal cancer survivors. None considered all relevant employment-related factors for colorectal cancer survivors. Tools used to identify return-to-work and remain-at-work were not specific to colorectal cancer. There are a range of existing tools that collate some, but not all, of the domains and outcome criteria required to meet the employment needs of colorectal cancer survivors. To optimize work outcomes for the working colorectal cancer population, a specified tool is warranted.

Is the Teaching Environment a Risk Factor for Depression Symptoms? The Case of Capricorn District in Limpopo, South Africa

The global increase in mental disorders also identifies the workplace, including the teaching environment, as a key source of such disorders. Social problems among learners often put additional pressure on the teachers, over and above their normal academic, administrative and organizational responsibilities, thus contributing to high levels of stress among teachers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression symptoms, as well as the associated sociodemographic factors, among teachers in Capricorn District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. A cross-sectional quantitative study design using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) tool was used to determine the symptoms of depression among a sample of 381 teachers. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, which were analyzed descriptively. Pearson chi-square tests were used to explore associations between a range of sociodemographic variables and PHQ scores. A final logistic regression model was used for factors that were significantly associated with depression symptoms according to Chi-square tests. The majority of the participants were Black (83.45%) and female (70.87%) and had obtained a bachelor’s degree as their highest qualification (53.95%). Almost half of participants (49.87%) tested positive for symptoms of depression, which ranged from mild to severe. Employment-related factors that were significantly associated with depression symptoms included the quintile ranking of the school, the school where employed, learner-to-teacher ratio and the subjects taught by the teacher. Personal factors that were associated with depression included gender, marital status and race. Depression symptoms amongst teachers were mostly associated with workplace factors.

Predictors of employment status and stability in Bipolar Disorder: Findings from an 8-year longitudinal study

IntroductionUnderstanding how Bipolar Disorder (BD) affects employment is limited by cross-sectional or short-term longitudinal designs. The aims for this study are to examine condition-related and other clinical predictors of longitudinal employment status and stability in those with BD compared to healthy controls (HC). MethodsParticipants were 358 individuals with BD and HC who were enrolled in the Heinz C. Prechter Longitudinal Study of BD. Participants completed self-report measurements of employment, symptoms, health, personality, life events, and neuropsychological tests at study enrollment, yearly and/or every two months. Repeated measures logistic regression was used to predict employment status and stability. ResultsThose with BD were less likely to be employed than HC. Significant predictors of unemployment in BD include having BD type I, younger age, less years with BD, higher depression, worse processing speed, and worse mental and physical health. Of those with BD, 64 % demonstrated greater employment instability compared to 37 % of HC. History of psychosis, worse memory, physical health, and greater disruption of negative life events significantly predicted employment instability. LimitationsThe limitations of this study include the generalizability of this sample, a large reliance of self-report measures, and a lack of employment-related factors such as job-type, functioning, performance, and satisfaction. Lastly, the effects of medication, treatment adherence, and treatment optimization were not assessed in this study. ConclusionsThese findings highlight that different aspects of BD are important for being employed versus maintaining stable employment. These findings indicate the need for more effective treatment strategies beyond symptom management.

Workplace psychosocial resources and risk of cardiovascular disease among employees: a multi-cohort study of 135 669 participants.

In terms of prevention, it is important to determine effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) when some workplace psychosocial resources are high while others are low. The aim of the study was to assess the prospective relationship between clustering of workplace psychosocial resources and risk of CVD among employees. We pooled data from three cohort studies of 135 669 employees (65% women, age 18-65 years and free of CVD) from Denmark, Finland and Sweden. Baseline horizontal resources (culture of collaboration and support from colleagues) and vertical resources (leadership quality and procedural justice) were measured using standard questionnaire items. Incident CVD, including coronary heart and cerebrovascular disease, was ascertained using linked electronic health records. We used latent class analysis to assess clustering (latent classes) of workplace psychosocial resources. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between these clusters and risk of CVD, adjusting for demographic and employment-related factors and pre-existing physical and mental disorders. We identified five clusters of workplace psychosocial resources from low on both vertical and horizontal resources (13%) to generally high resources (28%). High horizontal resources were combined with either intermediate [hazard ratio (HR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-0.95] or high (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-1.00) vertical resources were associated with lower risks of CVD compared to those with generally low resources. The association was most prominent for cerebrovascular disease (eg, general high resources: HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.96). Individuals with high levels of workplace psychosocial resources across horizontal and vertical dimensions have a lower risk of CVD, particularly cerebrovascular disease.

Saudi female paramedics’ perceptions of challenges in the workplace: A qualitative study

BackgroundIt is immensely important that Saudi women become involved in the field of paramedicine in larger numbers; however, anecdotally they continue to experience significant challenges that limit their opportunities for recruitment and deployment in the field. This study set out to explore working female paramedics’ perceptions of challenges in their workplace in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). MethodsThis study utilised a descriptive qualitative approach. Fifteen Saudi female paramedics were recruited to attend one of four focus groups in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were assessed using thematic analysis. ResultsThree themes emerged from the focus groups that described the perceptions of Saudi female paramedics: personal factors, social factors and employment-related factors. They faced several challenges that could affect their family responsibilities, workplace duties and capacity to work in the field of paramedicine. Saudi society also challenged female paramedics, as the culture and traditions of the KSA limited their participation in the paramedicine workforce. Furthermore, they reported experiencing many employment issues related to recruitment to pre-hospital settings, resulting from organisational policies and procedures. ConclusionThis study investigated the perceptions held by a cohort of female Saudi paramedics of the personal and professional challenges they faced in the workplace in the KSA. The study findings and their implications for female paramedics suggest further research is required to understand the unique challenges they face and to develop various strategies to manage them.

Risk and Protective Factors of Mental Health Conditions: Impact of Employment, Deprivation and Social Relationships

This study looks into the relationship between mental health and social exclusion scenarios, paying special attention to employment-related factors. Previous studies have shown the relationship between mental health, social exclusion and poverty. For this study, authors have used data from the VIII Report on social development and exclusion in Spain, with a sample of 11,655 households. The SPSS Statistics programme was used for statistical analysis. Several factors that could pose a risk or be a protection for the presence of mental health conditions were designed. By means of a binary logistic regression the impact of these factors on mental health issues was scored. The results show that a deteriorated social network and a negative interpretation of reality are the most influential factors related to the presence of mental health conditions in a given household. On the contrary, positive social relationships protect households and function as a support when mental health conditions are already present. Thus, the support of positive and committed social relationships is a key element to protect the mental health of households.

The association of disability status with job tenure for U.S. workers.

Job tenure is a useful economic indicator. To employees, longer job tenure creates higher rewards in pay, promotion opportunities, and job security. For employers, there are fewer costs in recruitment and retraining when job turnover is low. Marginalized populations, such as persons with disabilities, may find work in various economies, but retention is more difficult. They are often the first to be laid off in struggling economies. The purpose of this study is to highlight differences in individual and employment-related factors associated with job tenure for American workers with and without disabilities. Using newly available survey data (N = 1,538), OLS regression is used to estimate job tenure for workers with and without disabilities, controlling for worker sociodemographic characteristics, a job quality index, and job characteristics. All disability types are examined. Multivariate results show that workers with disabilities have shorter job tenure than others when controlling for job quality, individual characteristics and job characteristics. Employees with disabilities have shorter job tenure than those without. Given the benefits of lengthened job tenure, further efforts should be made to explore this issue and to develop effective strategies that help those with disabilities retain jobs long term.

Area‐level social and economic factors and the local incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in Victoria during 2020

ObjectiveTo examine associations between area‐level socio‐economic factors and the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections in Victoria during 2020.Design, settingPopulation‐level ecological study of the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in Victoria, by postcode, 1 March ‒ 13 August 2020.Main outcome measuresRelationships between the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections by postcode (Department of Health and Human Services data published on The Age website), and demographic, education level, ethnic background, economic and employment‐related factors, housing‐related factors, and social disadvantage (Australian Bureau of Statistics data for 2014–19), expressed as incidence rate ratios (IRRs).ResultsDuring the study period, 15 482 SARS‐CoV‐2 infections with associated postcodes were recorded in Victoria. Incidence was higher for metropolitan than regional postcodes (418.3 v 62 infections per 100 000 population; IRR, 6.2; 95% CI, 4.6–8.2). In regional postcodes, incidence rose with mean household size (per person: IRR, 7.30; 95% CI, 4.37–12.2), unemployment proportion (per percentage point: IRR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.33–1.69), and proportions for whom rent (IRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07–1.22) or mortgage repayments (IRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15–1.28) exceeded 30% of household income. In metropolitan areas, incidence increased with unemployment proportion (IRR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.23) and proportion without paid leave (IRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02–1.45). Incidence also increased with proportion speaking languages other than English at home (regional: IRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06–1.11; metropolitan: IRR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.002–1.02) and with Indigenous Australian proportion (metropolitan only: IRR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.10–2.73).ConclusionsSocio‐economic factors may have contributed to the non‐homogeneous incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections across Victoria during 2020.

Wealth accumulation and retirement preparedness in cross-national perspective: A gendered analysis of outcomes among single adults

Wealth is an increasingly important dimension of economic well-being and is attracting rising attention in discussions of social inequality. In this article, we compare – within and across countries – wealth outcomes, and link those to both employment-related factors and policy solutions that have the potential to improve wealth creation and retirement security for women. By constructing country-specific portraits of wealth outcomes and ‘retirement preparedness’, we reveal extensive cross-national variation in multiple facets of wealth. Our regression analysis finds a statistically significant and positive effect of work experience on wealth, with that effect, in general, increasing over time. The effect of work experience for single women is greater than for single men, suggesting that, among men, other, stronger forces are at work in creating wealth. The retirement preparedness outcomes indicate that single women in all three countries are in a precarious position at retirement, with much lower expected annual wealth levels than single men. The second preparedness indicator, which links expected annual wealth to income, demonstrates that men have the potential to cover larger shares of their income at retirement – and thus are more able, than their female counterparts, to maintain standards of living achieved earlier in life. Our policy discussion indicates that employment remains a viable option for ultimately bolstering women’s wealth accumulation. Many scholars, gender equality advocates and policymakers have argued for raising women’s employment rates – for a multitude of reasons – but few, if any, have made the case for strengthening women’s employment in order to ultimately bolster women’s wealth building. We hope to help reduce the gap in the literature on policy supports for women’s employment and re-open the discussion on how women can create more wealth.

Understanding the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on work amongst South Asian people in the UK: An explorative qualitative study.

SLE has a range of fluctuating symptoms affecting individuals and their ability to work. Although South Asian (SA) patients are at increased risk of developing SLE there is limited knowledge of the impact on employment for these patients in the UK. Understanding ethnicity and disease-specific issues are important to ensure patients are adequately supported at work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients of SA origin to explore how SLE impacted on their employment. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data which are reported following COREQ guidelines. Ten patients (8 female; 2 male) were recruited from three rheumatology centres in the UK and interviewed between November 2019 and March 2020. Patients were from Indian (n = 8) or Pakistani (n = 2) origin and worked in a range of employment sectors. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Disease related factors; (2) Employment related factors; (3) Cultural and interpersonal factors impacting on work ability; (4) Recommendations for improvement. Patients’ ability to work was affected by variable work-related support from their hospital clinicians, low awareness of SLE and variable support from their employers, and cultural barriers in their communities that could affect levels of family support received. These findings highlight the need for additional support for SA patients with SLE in the workplace.

P159 Factors associated between SLE and work amongst South Asian people: an explorative qualitative study

Abstract Background/Aims Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affect patients from minority ethnic backgrounds, with many patients experiencing symptoms that affect their daily lives despite receiving long-term controller medication. Work is a large part of most people’s lives, yet little has been explored into how people from minority ethnic backgrounds cope at work whilst living with SLE. We conducted a study to understand the impact of SLE on working lives of South Asian patients. The aim was to identify and develop support mechanisms that could assist them with remaining at work. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten patients of South Asian origin with SLE to explore their work experiences. Patients were recruited from three rheumatology centres in the West Midlands, UK and were interviewed between November 2019 and March 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded and typed by an independent transcribing company. Returned transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and QSR NVivo 12 software was used to organise and manage the data. Results The majority (n = 8) of patients were female. Eight patients were from an Indian background, and two were from a Pakistani background. Half of all patients were educated to degree level. The age range of patients was 23 - 58 years old (S.D = 10.79), and disease duration varied between 3 months-33 years (S.D = 9.52). All patients had permanent jobs; six were in full-time employment, and four were in part-time employment. Four main themes emerged from the data: 1) Disease related factors; impacting work ability; 2) Employment related factors; impacting work ability; 3) Personal and cultural related factors; impacting work ability; 4) Recommendations for improvement were made by patients. Conclusion In this novel study we highlight patients’ experiences of being at work. This study reports low awareness of SLE and mixed support in the workplace. Patients discussed work to varying degrees with their clinicians and needed further information for employers that was not available nor provided by their clinicians. The study reports cultural barriers in understanding SLE that could lead to lack of family support to remain in employment. Moreover, recommendations made in this study require further investigation and could be used by clinicians and Lupus UK to support patients of South Asian origin at work. Disclosure M. Ubhi: None. S. Dubey: None. J. Reynolds: None. C. Gordon: None. T. Adizie: None. T. Sheeran: None. K. Allen: None. R. Jordan: None. S. Sadhra: None. J. Adams: None. R. Daji: None. K. Kumar: None.

Миграционная привлекательность приморской зоны Северо-Запада России: локальные градиенты

A well-acknowledged driver of change, population movement intensifies the development of coastal territories. The Russian North-West holds a vast coastal zone. Granting access to the Baltic, the White, and the Barents Seas, it is an area of geostrategic importance where much of the country’s coastal economy — one of the national priorities — is located. Push and pull factors are enormously diverse in the area, as are migration flows forming attraction poles for migrants. There is little research on the issue despite its social and practical significance. Thus, research is required to examine how the coastal factor can benefit the migration attractiveness and human resources of Russian coastal territories of geostrategic importance. This study aims to delineate coastal territories and investigate local migration flows compared to those recorded in inland regions. The research draws on the concept of coastalisation, employing universal, geographical, and statistical research methods. It uses documentary sources and official 2011—2020 statistics. The findings show that the coastal position and maritime economic activity are relevant factors for migration attractiveness. Saint Petersburg and the coastal municipalities of the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions are more attractive to migrants than more northerly territories. However, there are attraction poles farther north too, and the coastal zone of the Arkhangelsk region attracts more migrants than its inland part. The study demonstrates the growing polarisation of migration space in the coastal areas and especially agglomerations. Changes in the age structure of immigration flows have caused social factors in attractiveness to migrants to replace employment-related factors.

THE WORKING POOR: TOO LOW WAGE OR TOO MANY KIDS?

The “in-work at-risk-of-poverty rate” is a European indicator that is based on a series of assumptions rarely questioned although with particularly strong consequences for the calculation of the in-work poverty risk and for the design of policies to combat it. The purpose of this paper is to show the volatility in the measured proportions of working poor according to different methodological choices in terms of the unit of analysis, the measure of income and the population of workers. In a country-specific econometric analysis we show the differential impact of individual characteristics, the household structure and employment-related factors on the in-work poverty risk according to whether individual or equivalised household income is used to measure this risk. Our analysis covers 8 European countries and is based on 2007 data from the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions.