Employment Of Women In Industry Research Articles

The Collection and Utilisation of Official Statistics Hearing on the Extent and Effects of the Industrial Employment of Women

The Collection and Utilisation of Official Statistics Hearing on the Extent and Effects of the Industrial Employment of Women

Collective action, organisation building, and leadership: Women workers in the garment sector in Bangladesh

A very noticeable feature of economic development in many Asian countries has been the growing employment of young women in industry. Whereas much has been written about the exploitation of the workers, and this is often related to the wider debates about the links between gender relations and globalisation, there has been relatively little analysis of the ways in which women resist exploitation through collective action, creating organisations, and networking. All these strategies enable women workers to cope with ongoing change, and sometimes to reshape gender power relations. This article analyses collective action, organisation-building, and women's leadership in the garment sector in Bangladesh, where women have rapidly entered a highly visible form of employment.

Women's work and family health: evidence from the Staffordshire Potteries, 1890–1920

The progress of industrialization throughout the nineteenth century had profound effects on health and mortality. One relationship that contemporaries found particularly alarming was the potentially damaging effect that the employment of women in industry outside the home could have on their families' health. The fear expressed by public health officials was that women's employment would lead to neglect of their family duties and subsequently put their children's health at risk. Women were also regarded as more susceptible to industrial hazards, particularly to lead. Hence, women's work was seen to have important consequences for maternal and infant health and was considered incompatible with their traditional duties within the home. The introduction of legislation to restrict women's employment opportunities during the latter half of the nineteenth century was partly in recognition of this conflict between work and home. At the turn of the nineteenth century, the importance of good mothering was increasingly cited by public health reformers, mainly male and middle-class, alarmed at the persistent high level of infant mortality in urban areas. In industrial areas where there were opportunities for women's employment, the extent to which it contributed to high levels of mortality became a prominent public health issue associated with growing concern over standards of motherhood. In response to increasing agitation over the employment of mothers, the 1891 Factory Act prohibited employers from knowingly hiring women within a month of childbirth.

British Food Journal Volume 73 Issue 3 1971

The review of food consumption elsewhere in this issue shows the broad pattern of food supplies in this country; what and how much we eat. Dietary habits are different to what they were before the last War, but there have been few real changes since the end of that War. Because of supplies and prices, shifts within commodity groups have occurred, e.g. carcase meat, bread, milk, but overall, the range of foods commonly eaten has remained stable. The rise of “convenience foods” in the twenty‐five year since the War is seen as a change in household needs and the increasing employment of women in industry and commerce, rather than a change in foods eaten or in consumer preference. Supplies available for consumption have remained fairly steady throughout the period, but if the main food sources, energy and nutrient content of the diet have not changed, changes in detail have begun to appear and the broad pattern of food is not quite so markedly stable as of yore.

Employment of Women in Industry

Employment of Women in Industry

Discrimination against Women in Bombay Textiles

In most western countries, discrimination against the employment of women in industry has diminished steadily in recent years under the influence of technological changes and the development of new, more liberal attitudes toward the employment of women outside of the home. In contrast, in the Bombay textile industry, which has traditionally employed large numbers of women, discrimination and even resistance against the employment of females has been increasing. This article is a sociocultural analysis of this sharp break with past employment policies in India's major urban industry and with the tendencies of modern industrial relations practices elsewhere. The author's analysis is based on an intensive field study of six Bombay textile mills during 1955-1956, during which he frequently discussed the problem of discrimination against women workers with representatives of management, government, and the trade union movement. (Author's abstract courtesy EBSCO.)

Trends in the Employment of Women in Industry

Why are there so few trained women working in industry today? This is an age in which we need to make use of all the talent we have. It is an age of opportunity, both for new and expanding industries and for the young people of ability themselves. Are girls taking full advantage of the new openings there are for them, and is industry sufficiently aware of the great contribution girls can make? Dr Ollerenshaw surveys the trends in recruitment and employment of women and girls in industry and commerce and makes some eminently realistic suggestions for the future.

Some Comments on the Employment of Married Women in Industry

Some Comments on the Employment of Married Women in Industry

Studies on infant mortality: Part I. Influence of social conditions in county boroughs of england and Wales

1. The Introduction (pp. 67–73) describes the course of infant mortality in England and Wales over the past century, and critically reviews arguments advanced to prove that variations in the infant mortality rate (i.m.) are caused by genetic differences with respect to viability.2. The i.m. in county boroughs shows a 2-yearly cycle of variability, affecting places with high mortalities.3. We have devised and tested various social indices and have selected five which gave the highest joint covariance with infant mortality in county boroughs during the 11 years 1928–38. These indices are:H, percentage of families living more than 1 person per room.U, percentage of men unemployed.P, percentage of occupied males in the Registrar-General's Social Classes IV and V.F, percentage of women employed on manufacturing processes.L, latitude.4. We have computed multiple regression equations involving i.m. and the five indices for each of the 11 years, and two summarizing equations. The regressions plus sampling variance account for about 80% of the total variance in infant mortality. The regression is linear.5. Latitude does not affect infant mortality in Class I. For this and other reasons we regard the latitude effect as expressing miscellaneous poverty indices omitted from our equations.6. The regression equations enable us to divide the population into various strata with characteristic average infant mortality rates. These include:‘Better off’ (all poverty indices = 0) i.m.=23·1Overcrowded poor i.m. = 108Unemployed overcrowded poor i.m. = 153Babies whose mothers work in industry suffer an additional mortality risk of at least 35 per 1000, and possibly more. The figure 23·1 is the i.m. rate that would prevail if our five poverty symptoms could be eliminated.7. In county boroughs two-thirds of infant deaths would be avoided by the abolition of conditions defined by our indices. Of the preventable deaths, one-third are associated with overcrowding, one-quarter with low-paid occupations, one-fifth with unemployment, and one-eighth with industrial employment of women. In England and Wales, over 250,000 deaths in 11 years, about 63% of the total, can be attributed to adverse social conditions.We have to thank the Rockefeller Foundation for a personal grant to one of us (J. W.) out of an allocation for research work in Prof. Lancelot Hogben's Department, and the Halley Stewart Trust for a grant for mechanical computing equipment. Our thanks are also due to the various members of the Zoology Department in the University of Birmingham who assisted in computing at various times, and especially to Prof. Hogben for his unfailing interest, advice and support.

Stenosing Tendovaginitis at the Radial Styloid Process (de Quervain's Disease)

Stenosing tendovaginitis at the styloid process of the radius is a relatively frequent disease, but despite this fact it is not well known. There have been but few reports of this condition in the literature since it was first described by DeQuervain in 1895, and it is not discussed in the standard textbooks. Although the disease presents a clear-cut clinical picture, which makes the diagnosis easy, it is often unrecognized by the general practitioner or the industrial surgeon. The disease is seen chiefly in women. With the present marked increase in the employment of women in industry it is more . . .

The Collection and Utilisation of Official Statistics Bearing on the Extent and Effects of the Industrial Employment of Women

The Collection and Utilisation of Official Statistics Bearing on the Extent and Effects of the Industrial Employment of Women