Employees Of Subcontractors Research Articles

Risk factors for COVID-19 outbreaks in livestock slaughtering and processing facilities in Republic of Korea.

The goal of this study was to help prevent and control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by identifying transmission routes and risk factors in livestock slaughtering and processing facilities (SPFs) and establishing an optimal intervention strategy for outbreaks. This case series study was a demographic analysis of patients with confirmed COVID-19 associated with 5 SPFs in Korea between January and June 2021. Additionally, in a retrospective cohort study, the association between COVID-19 infection and risk factors was analyzed for SPFs at which outbreaks occurred. The COVID-19 attack rates were 11.2%, 24.5%, and 6.8% at 3 poultry SPFs (PSPFs) and 15.5% and 25.2% at 2 mammal SPFs (MSPFs). Regarding spatial risk factors, the COVID-19 risk levels were 12.1-, 5.2-, and 5.0-fold higher in the refrigeration/ freezing, by-product processing, and carcass cutting areas, respectively, than in the office area. The risk of COVID-19 infection was 2.1 times higher among employees of subcontractors than among employees of contractors. The COVID-19 risk levels were 5.3- and 3.0-fold higher in foreign workers than in native Korean workers in the PSPFs and MSPFs, respectively. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, a detailed policy for infectious disease prevention and control intervention is needed, without interrupting economic activities. Thus, we propose an ideal intervention plan to prevent COVID-19 through disinfection and preemptive testing and to block its transmission through effective contact management during outbreaks at SPFs.

ASIL İŞVERENİN VERGİ TEVKİFATINDAN SORUMLULUĞU

According to article 2 of the Labour Code, the principal employer shall be jointly liable with the subcontractor for the obligations ensuing from Labour Code and from employment contracts of subcontractor's employees or from the collective agreement to which the subcontractor has been signatory. For social insurance premiums, joint liability is regulated in the Code No. 5510. However, although employer and wage are defined in tax laws, the principal employer is not defined. In addition, no obligation has been established on the principal employer regarding the receivables of the subcontractor workers. In accordance with the principle of legality, the principal employer is not the employer of the subcontractor's workers in terms of tax law. Because it is out of the question to recruit and operate by giving orders and instructions. Otherwise, there will be collusion. While the principal employer is jointly and severally liable for the wages and premiums of the subcontractor workers, it will not be able to stoppage income tax due to the lack of clear regulation. It is the sub-employer, who is the “employer”, who is responsible for withholding income tax from wages. Until this gap is filled by the legislator, the nature of the payment made by the principal employer to the subcontractor worker will not be counted as wage within the meaning of the Income Tax Code.

Die Politische Ökonomie des Strukturwandels: Konzeptualisierung einer „Just transition“ im Rheinischen Braunkohlerevier

Our paper develops measures for a "Just transition" governance as the basis for a political economy in structural change. For a case study in the Rhenish lignite mining area, six expert interviews were conducted with citizens' initiatives, trade unions and representatives of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The results show the need for political measures in various areas: While a variety of subsidy policies are being developed for the employees of established companies in the lignite industry, employees of subcontractors receive hardly any support in structural change. The latter are therefore exposed to a high risk of losing their jobs due to the phasing out of coal production. The interviews also showed that land in the Rhenish lignite mining area could become a scarce resource due to the current mining law. The actor-centered institutionalism is used to derive policy measures that meet the needs of the various interest groups. Finally, references are made to both transition management and political economy.

A Investigating The Neglected Safety Practices Influencing Safety Performance Of Building Construction Projects In Sindh Province Of Pakistan

Safety non-performance has not only contributed to higher levels of injuries but also decreased total productivity in the building sector. Through improving standards of safety practices, the condition can be changed. This paper provides a framework for recognizing the most neglected safety practices that must be improved. The research was performed using a questionnaire survey of 33 safety practices. Data obtained through 210 questionnaires from respondents who were working on building projects in the Sindh Province were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences. All safety practices have been prioritized based on their mean safety performance values. Statistics have shown that the average safety performance of the building industry is 60.596 per cent. Construction safety practices that need special attention are listed as; (a) People should work safely even when they are not being supervised (b) Safety training provided to the employees of subcontractors (c) Investigations carried out to identify the causes of accidents (d) Accidents are reported/recorded (e) throwing or dropping of material/equipment carelessly. The findings also have shown that the factor 'Accident reporting and investigation mechanism', has the lowest level of safety performance, accompanied by 'Workers' involvement', 'Safety training', 'Safety practices', 'Safety meetings. The findings of this report will provide building stakeholders with valuable knowledge for safe work practices.

How and why do subcontractors experience different safety on high-risk work sites?

In high-risk industries such as construction, mining and energy, subcontractors play an increasingly significant role. A typical arrangement is for the site owner to hire a principal contractor who in turn hires multiple subcontractors. This means that multiple subcontractors from multiple companies can be working on the same site at the same time. There is evidence that the use of subcontractors is not only increasing, but that the accident rates for subcontractor employees are higher than those of operator/site owner employees. Existing research on subcontractors, which focuses on the role of the prime contractor in selecting and managing subcontractors, fails to explain why subcontractors continue to experience higher rates of serious injury even where subcontractor management systems are in place. The purpose of this paper is to understand how and why employees of subcontractors’ experience safety differently from employees of principal contractors. The paper does so by extensively reviewing the applicable literature and reporting on a cross-industry focus group study.

Subcontractors and increased risk for work‐related diseases and absenteeism

Despite increasing reliance on subcontracting in many economic sectors, there is little information available on occupational health and safety issues among subcontractor employees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of subcontracting on self-reported health problems and absences due to occupational accidents and sickness using a nationally representative sample from South Korea. The data used were sampled from the second wave of the Korean Working Conditions Survey [2010]. Information on 3,282 parent firm employees and 728 subcontractor employees was obtained. For the logistic regression model, the outcomes were work-related health problems and absenteeism. The independent variables were personal and occupational characteristics, job aspects, and working hazards. Subcontractor employees were significantly more likely to experience health problems than the employee at parent firms. In particular, subcontractors' risk of injuries and anxiety/depression increased twofold (odd ratios, OR=2.01, 95% confidence interval, CIs, 1.24-3.26) and threefold (OR=2.95, 95% CIs 1.52-5.73), respectively, after controlling for potential variables. In addition, subcontractor employees were three times more likely than employees at parent firms to miss work due to illness (OR=3.56; 95% CIs 2.02-6.26). Working conditions, especially those related to job aspects and workplace exposures, attenuated these risks. Subcontracting workers were found to have a higher risk of work-related diseases and a higher absenteeism rate than parent firm workers. Our study highlights the need to protect and improve the occupational health and safety of subcontractor employees.

Guarantee of Appropriate Wage Levels to Subcontractor's Employees

Guarantee of Appropriate Wage Levels to Subcontractor's Employees

Excess of mesotheliomas after exposure to chrysotile in Balangero, Italy

Background:Chrysotile from the mine in Balangero, Italy is considered to be free of tremolite. In a cohort study of miners and millers only two pleural cancers were reported, a finding...

Using subcontractor's employees as organizers

Management Report for Nonunion OrganizationsVolume 22, Issue 3 p. 7-7 Union Tactics Using subcontractor's employees as organizers First published: 13 March 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/mare.4080220309AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume22, Issue3March 1999Pages 7-7 RelatedInformation

Fracture toughness of sintered steel components: M. Rasso et al (Politechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy)

Ferro-chromium production is based on the use of chromium oxide (III) and it is generally accepted that chromium in this form is not able to cross biological barriers. However, the data on the toxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium in man are now firmly established. Some studies have questioned these data, calling for a clarification as to whether exposure to trivalent chromium can also produce human effects, perhaps with different latency time. A study was carried out on the exposure conditions (type and degree) in a ferro-chromium foundry that had been in operation since 1972. The absorption levels in the working population of the foundry, and the possible toxic effects on the kidney have been investigated.A total of 236 workers (142 employed in production departments, 33 office workers and 61 sub-contractor employees) were examined with measurement of the indicators of dose (urinary-chromium) and of effect on the kidney (albumin, retinol binding protein, and renal tubular epithelium antigens in the urine).Environmental hygiene measurements showed relatively low values of total chromium in the air (always < 0.160 mg/m3). Hexavalent chromium was absent or, if present, at levels below the sensitivity of the analytical method used (0.001 mg/m3). The values of urinary chromium measured at the beginning and at the end of the working day and at the end of the work shift were always < 5 μg/g creatinine, which has been proposed as a biological limit in chromium exposure. However, differences were observed between groups of subjects employed on different jobs, which is indicative of an absorption process varying according to the degree of exposure. The indicators of effect did not reveal any renal impairment, even early, that could be attributed to the toxic action of chromium.

A novel sintering method to fabricate a copper-nickel-alumina reinforced alloy: K. Hoshino, T. Kohno, (Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, Japan)

Ferro-chromium production is based on the use of chromium oxide (III) and it is generally accepted that chromium in this form is not able to cross biological barriers. However, the data on the toxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium in man are now firmly established. Some studies have questioned these data, calling for a clarification as to whether exposure to trivalent chromium can also produce human effects, perhaps with different latency time. A study was carried out on the exposure conditions (type and degree) in a ferro-chromium foundry that had been in operation since 1972. The absorption levels in the working population of the foundry, and the possible toxic effects on the kidney have been investigated.A total of 236 workers (142 employed in production departments, 33 office workers and 61 sub-contractor employees) were examined with measurement of the indicators of dose (urinary-chromium) and of effect on the kidney (albumin, retinol binding protein, and renal tubular epithelium antigens in the urine).Environmental hygiene measurements showed relatively low values of total chromium in the air (always < 0.160 mg/m3). Hexavalent chromium was absent or, if present, at levels below the sensitivity of the analytical method used (0.001 mg/m3). The values of urinary chromium measured at the beginning and at the end of the working day and at the end of the work shift were always < 5 μg/g creatinine, which has been proposed as a biological limit in chromium exposure. However, differences were observed between groups of subjects employed on different jobs, which is indicative of an absorption process varying according to the degree of exposure. The indicators of effect did not reveal any renal impairment, even early, that could be attributed to the toxic action of chromium.

Microstructure and cyclic deformation behaviour of sintered steels: A. Piatrowski, D. Eifler (University of Essen, Essen, Germany)

Ferro-chromium production is based on the use of chromium oxide (III) and it is generally accepted that chromium in this form is not able to cross biological barriers. However, the data on the toxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium in man are now firmly established. Some studies have questioned these data, calling for a clarification as to whether exposure to trivalent chromium can also produce human effects, perhaps with different latency time. A study was carried out on the exposure conditions (type and degree) in a ferro-chromium foundry that had been in operation since 1972. The absorption levels in the working population of the foundry, and the possible toxic effects on the kidney have been investigated.A total of 236 workers (142 employed in production departments, 33 office workers and 61 sub-contractor employees) were examined with measurement of the indicators of dose (urinary-chromium) and of effect on the kidney (albumin, retinol binding protein, and renal tubular epithelium antigens in the urine).Environmental hygiene measurements showed relatively low values of total chromium in the air (always < 0.160 mg/m3). Hexavalent chromium was absent or, if present, at levels below the sensitivity of the analytical method used (0.001 mg/m3). The values of urinary chromium measured at the beginning and at the end of the working day and at the end of the work shift were always < 5 μg/g creatinine, which has been proposed as a biological limit in chromium exposure. However, differences were observed between groups of subjects employed on different jobs, which is indicative of an absorption process varying according to the degree of exposure. The indicators of effect did not reveal any renal impairment, even early, that could be attributed to the toxic action of chromium.

Effects derived from long-term low-level chromium exposure in ferro-alloy metallurgy. Study of absorption and renal function in workers

Ferro-chromium production is based on the use of chromium oxide (III) and it is generally accepted that chromium in this form is not able to cross biological barriers. However, the data on the toxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium in man are now firmly established. Some studies have questioned these data, calling for a clarification as to whether exposure to trivalent chromium can also produce human effects, perhaps with different latency time. A study was carried out on the exposure conditions (type and degree) in a ferro-chromium foundry that had been in operation since 1972. The absorption levels in the working population of the foundry, and the possible toxic effects on the kidney have been investigated. A total of 236 workers (142 employed in production departments, 33 office workers and 61 sub-contractor employees) were examined with measurement of the indicators of dose (urinary-chromium) and of effect on the kidney (albumin, retinol binding protein, and renal tubular epithelium antigens in the urine). Environmental hygiene measurements showed relatively low values of total chromium in the air (always < 0.160 mg/m 3). Hexavalent chromium was absent or, if present, at levels below the sensitivity of the analytical method used (0.001 mg/m 3). The values of urinary chromium measured at the beginning and at the end of the working day and at the end of the work shift were always < 5 μg/g creatinine, which has been proposed as a biological limit in chromium exposure. However, differences were observed between groups of subjects employed on different jobs, which is indicative of an absorption process varying according to the degree of exposure. The indicators of effect did not reveal any renal impairment, even early, that could be attributed to the toxic action of chromium.

ACCIDENTS AT WORK:The liability of the main contractor for injuries to employees of sub-contractors

ACCIDENTS AT WORK: The liability of the main contractor for injuries to employees of sub-contractors Get access M. R. F. M. R. F. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Industrial Law Journal, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1972, Pages 170–171, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilj/1.1.170 Published: 01 June 1972

Labor Law. General Contractor's Breach of Subcontract Because of Union Affiliation of Subcontractor's Employees Violates Section 8(a)(3)

Labor Law. General Contractor's Breach of Subcontract Because of Union Affiliation of Subcontractor's Employees Violates Section 8(a)(3)