Empirical Research Methods Research Articles

Legal Implications of Incest Marriage in Balinese Customary Law

This study aims to discuss incest marriage in terms of marriage law, the legal implications of incest marriage, as well as the problems of customary law and national law governing incest marriage. This study uses empirical juridical research methods with a factual and sociological approach. Incest marriage has violated the provisions contained in Article 8 of Law Number 1 of 1974, Article 30 of the Civil Code, and Article 39 of the Compilation of Islamic Law which prohibits marriage between brothers and sisters who are still related by blood. The legal implications of incest marriage as stipulated in Article 22, Article 24, Article 26, and Article 27 of Law Number 1 of 1974 can be declared null and void. Incest marriage as a tradition that developed in Bonyoh traditional village is not in accordance with national law, but on the other hand customary law in force in the region does not prohibit incest marriage. The indigenous Bonyoh villagers consider incest marriages as an effort to preserve local traditions that have been passed down by ancestors over time

Restorative Justice and Agrarian Reform Conflict Resolution

Abstract: The government emasculates agrarian reform. The government no longer interprets agrarian reform as a restructuring of land ownership. Furthermore, the interpretation of agrarian reform now primarily focuses on asset legalization, land redistribution, and social forestry. The issue lies in the emasculation of agrarian reform. Various structural agrarian conflicts remain unresolved after the government's implementation of agrarian reform. Differences in interpretation of agrarian reform trigger the conflict. The government's interpretation is different from the community's interpretation, which considers agrarian reform to be a systematic effort to provide the community with access to land. The author recommends the concept of restorative justice as an effort to resolve this problem. The government should use restorative justice instead of the militaristic approach to resolve the problem. This article employs an empirical legal research method, combining a sociological perspective and a case study approach. This article contains several important findings, one of which is that asset legalization is not an agrarian reform. Asset legalization fails to address the issue of land ownership inequality. The government's implementation of land redistribution fails to address the issue of land ownership inequality. The government's version of land redistribution not only fails to resolve the issue of land ownership inequality, but also seizes land from marginalized communities. The same goes for social forestry. Social forestry leaves behind unresolved agrarian and environmental conflicts. Differences in interpreting agrarian reform actually cause all these problems. Therefore, we can use restorative justice as an alternative to solving the problem. As a problem-solving model involving victims and suspects, this resolution model seeks peace between the two parties. The hope is that there will be no more bloody agrarian conflicts, especially related to agrarian reform in Indonesia. Keywords: Agrarian Conflict, Agrarian Reform, Restorative Justice

The Differential Effects of Augmented Reality and Product Presentation Strategies on Brand Recall: An Embodied Cognition Perspective

As augmented reality (AR) technology becomes more prevalent in marketing, its impact on consumer memory processes, particularly brand recall, remains underexplored. This study primarily employs an empirical research method, using two lab experiments to examine the interaction between product presentation formats (AR vs. non-AR) and presentation strategies (separate vs. collocation) in brand recall. Across two experiments, we showed that AR enhances brand recall only in collocation presentations, where multiple products are displayed together, but not in separate presentations of individual products. In single-product contexts, AR formats do not demonstrate a significant advantage over non-AR formats. These findings suggest that AR’s effectiveness is contingent on presentation strategy, highlighting the contextual boundaries of AR’s utility in influencing consumer memory. By integrating embodied cognition theory with associative network theory, this research advances our understanding of how immersive technologies shape brand recall, offering strategic insights for marketers seeking to leverage AR in diverse product presentation scenarios.

A Study on the Effectiveness of English Debate Competitions as a Language Learning Aid

English debate competitions have gained widespread attention as an innovative language learning tool in recent years. This study explores the impact of English debate on learners’ listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, as well as their critical thinking and teamwork abilities. Using empirical research methods such as surveys, interviews, and performance evaluations, this study finds that participation in English debates not only improves students’ English proficiency but also significantly enhances their ability to think critically and collaborate effectively. By integrating recent literature, the research further examines the actual impact of English debate competitions on language learning and their application in educational contexts.

Features of labour education of students in modern social and educational environments

Introduction. The article presents the results of investigating the problem of labor education in the context of current changes in the social and educational environments. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of labor education in modern social and educational spheres from the standpoint of continuity of the tasks of its implementation at various levels of education and consistency with the tasks of general education. Materials and Methods. The theoretical research methods include sources analysis and analysis of educational programs for different levels of education. Empirical research methods used in the study include exploration of teaching experience and a questionnaire. The survey involved: 8,850 preschool teachers from 53 regions of the Russian Federation; 317,166 parents (legal representatives) of preschool-age children from 87 regions of the country; 4,913 deputy directors of comprehensive schools, representing 61 regions; 190,080 parents of school-age students, representing 88 regions. Results. The conducted research revealed: insufficient formalization of theoretical provisions; disunity of existing individual practices of labor education, their insufficient continuity at different levels of education and consistency with the tasks of general education; low activity of parents in the implementation of tasks of labor education as the child develops, vagueness of parents’ ideas about the significance and content of labor education at different levels of education. Methodological bases and conditions for the implementation of labor education in modern social and educational environments are formulated. Conclusions. The identified features of labor education at the present stage reflect the insufficient development of theoretical and methodological foundations for organizing labor education of students and actualize the need for further study of the problem, as well as the development of a model of labor education taking into account continuity at various levels of education and consistency with the priority tasks of general, secondary vocational education and model (federal) educational programs.

Experimental comparison of closed cooling systems of photovoltaic modules

Relevance. The need to increase the efficiency of solar modules to 15–20% by cooling their surface, which in spring and summer is able to heat up to 70 ℃. Heat collection from photovoltaic modules is an additional opportunity to accumulate heat and use it for their own needs, especially for isolated power systems. The article discusses methods of closed cooling using tubes made of copper, metal plastic and stainless steel. All measurements were carried out in summer at a real, operating solar power plant located in the Crimea village of Karyernoe. Aim. To experimentally determine and identify the effect of the most efficient cooling system for photovoltaic modules. Methods. Methods of empirical research. In the experiment, sensors connected to the Arduino UNO system were used to measure the temperature and humidity of the ambient air, the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet and outlet, and the data were recorded in an Excel table. Soudal FIX ALL adhesive sealant is used to fix the cooling system. Results and conclusions. The authors have obtained volt-ampere characteristics, refrigerant inlet and outlet temperatures, photovoltaic modules surface temperatures. The cooling system made of stainless steel pipes showed the greatest cooling efficiency of the solar module, which allowed reducing the module temperature from 66 to 38℃ at some points. This increased the efficiency of photoelectric module by 3.5% relative to the rated power. The heated liquid from the photoelectric module has cooled down to its original temperature values, thanks to the installed cooling radiator, for the possibility of reuse of the liquid in the solar panel cooling circuit.

Exploration of Strategies for Improving English Listening and Speaking Abilities of Students in Higher Vocational Colleges

This paper aims to explore strategies for improving English listening and speaking skills among students in higher vocational colleges. Through analyzing the current status of students' English listening and speaking abilities in these colleges, and integrating language acquisition theories, English listening and speaking teaching strategies, as well as multimedia teaching and autonomous learning theories, a series of targeted improvement strategies are proposed. Using empirical research methods, this paper verifies the effectiveness of the proposed strategies and provides suggestions for English teaching in higher vocational colleges. The research results indicate that significant improvements in students' English listening and speaking abilities can be achieved by enhancing teaching methods, creating an English listening and speaking environment, intensifying listening and speaking training, and cultivating students' autonomous learning skills.

Does the level of corporate finance affect corporate technological innovation?

As the main way for enterprises to obtain funds, the level of financing directly determines the amount of resources available for technological innovation. In this paper, we conduct an empirical research method based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2009-2023 to explore in depth the impact of the level of corporate financing on the technological innovation activities of enterprises. It is found that there is a significant positive correlation between the level of corporate financing and its technological innovation capability. The empirical findings of this paper provide strong evidence for understanding the impact of the level of corporate finance on technological innovation, and provide useful references for enterprises to formulate scientific financing strategies and technological innovation planning.

Applications of Taylor Series in Approximate Calculation and Limits

Taylor series plays a significant role in mathematics, especially in the fields of mathematical analysis, calculus and applied mathematics. It is not only a theoretical tool, but also an indispensable method in practical applications. For instance, it plays an important role in the fields of physics, engineering and economics. Taylor function uses function which is represented by a series of infinite additive terms, which are calculated by the derivative of the function at a certain point. This paper mainly uses literature research method and empirical research method to introduce the basic information and practical application of Taylor series. Some methods are given to solve related problems. This article demonstrates a brief introduction of Taylor series, then illustrates the steps of proof for Taylor series and provides the solutions of several practical examples. In the end, the paper focuses on the application of Taylor series on limits and analyzes some typical and interesting examples.

Multivariate Regression Analysis of the Impact of Open Market Share Repurchase Activity on the Malaysian Market

This research thesis revolves around the need to understand the relationship between share repurchases and the share price behavior of companies listed on Bursa Malaysia on a more recent basis given the economic stability in Malaysia and throughout the world from 2017 to 2021. It started in the West and reached maturity in the 1980s in the United States, but it only began in Malaysia in the 1990s. The studies of share repurchase are still considered an infant in Malaysia as in other countries throughout the world, companies pursue share repurchases for several reasons mainly to signal undervaluation, reward shareholders, defend against the takeover, utilize financial resources efficiently, and many more motives that are interesting for researchers to look at. Unlike other studies that look at announcement dates, since an announcement does not mean the companies will implement the transactions, this research is important since it looks at and analyzes the actual effective repurchase day done by established firms which is are most crucial aspect in analyzing the consequences and the results are that it shows positive abnormal mean returns for most of the companies. Event study methodology was used since this is the best empirical research method and as empirical evidence to analyze abnormal returns from all the other studies. The days observed are 120 days before and after the announcement. Returns for the estimation window, event window (repurchase day), and post-event window were analyzed to see the effects of price movement on repurchase activities at Bursa Malaysia (BSKL).

THE ROLE OF FOLKLORE IN THE UPBRINGING OF PATRIOTISM OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENTS

This article examines the problem of fostering patriotism in younger schoolchildren with hearing impairments and the importance of the pedagogical potential of folklore in this process. The study aimed to substantiate the pedagogical potential of folklore in the upbringing of patriotism in younger schoolchildren with hearing impairments. Research methods include the study and analysis of psychological, pedagogical, methodological, and special literature, as well as conducting experimental work with the introduction of empirical research methods. The experimental part of the study was conducted on teachers and teachers of a special school, and the results were achieved. Throughout the study, we identified the pedagogical potential of folklore and its use by teachers in the upbringing of patriotism of younger students with hearing impairments.

Peculiarities of the Use of Professionally Oriented Vocabulary by Future Agrarians while Learning English

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of bilingualism of students of non-linguistic specialties when learning English. The terminological vocabulary allows accurate and accessible presentation of a content of this subject area and ensures correct understanding of the text. To represent the relations of information units (represented in terms), commonly used words are needed, which requires the use of ordinary language and leads to an appearance of ambiguity during their use. Purpose. The objective of study is consideration of linguistic particularities of agrarian professionally oriented vocabulary, which is used while studying a foreign language at the university. The methodology covers a comprehensive set of theoretical and empirical research methods, including the analysis of scientific sources, regulatory documents, pedagogical observation, description, classification and systematization. The study was related to students of the second year of full-time study of the agronomy specialty in Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Ukraine. Results. The fact that the terms carry the main semantic load that in the literature of the agrarian direction, occupying the main place among other general literary and official words, is illustrated with examples. A detailed (conceptual) description of the agrarian industry has been carried out. It is noted that English-language agronomic texts differ in syntactic structure and complexity and are characterized by adverbial, infinitive and gerund inflections, as well as other purely language constructions, which in turn complicate text understanding and pose additional challenges to a translator. It is proved that the dictionary of agricultural terms is replenished by borrowing lexical units from everyday speech and by reinterpreting or narrowing their meanings. It is indicated that the colloquial language is enriched due to the expansion of the meanings of special terminological units. This dynamic two-way process testifies to a language development and translation complication activity due to the need to select the appropriate translation variant of multi-meaning lexical units. The investigation concluded that the clustering of many terminological constructions requires a correct division into immediate components and a serious familiarization with reference materials, a deeper immersion in the subject area. It is shown that agrarian terminology needs careful lexical and grammatical analysis in order to determine the optimal ways of its use. However, terminology alone is not sufficient to transfer or disseminate knowledge, as knowledge is culturally defined in human society.

A Study on the Educational Model of Connecting Vocational and Undergraduate Education in Finance and Accounting Majors

This article studies the educational mode connecting vocational education and undergraduate education in finance and accounting majors, in response to the weak cultural foundation and poor course integration faced by current vocational school graduates after entering vocational undergraduate education. By adopting empirical research methods and selecting vocational college students majoring in finance and accounting and ordinary high school students as research objects, this study implements a series of teaching reform measures and conducts tracking surveys on the short-term and long-term effects of educational reforms. As a result, it was found that in the final survey of graduation destinations, 34 vocational and technical college students were engaged in related work in their majors, accounting for 45.9% of all vocational and technical college students. This proves that the proposed transitional education model can effectively enhance the cultural foundation of vocational college students and provide new ideas for the cultivation of talents in finance and accounting majors.

Methodological model for teaching residents of foreign language professional communication based on an integrated approach

Importance. The widespread use of foreign language education in non-linguistic universities is due to a number of factors that determine the development of professional activity in various industries. Medicine and healthcare are among the key areas of human activity that require regular updating of knowledge and improvement of professional skills of a specialist in the context of scientific and technological progress. Medical professionals are required to keep abreast of the latest achievements of science and technology, to study new methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases in order to provide patients with better medical care. Using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world community realized that the emergence of such threats requires rapid response and cooperation between various countries and organizations. Only through the experience of interaction between scientists and medical professionals from different countries, it was possible to jointly normalize the epidemiological situation around the world. The World Health Organization has played a key role in coordinating international efforts to combat coronavirus infection by providing all the necessary information in foreign languages, mainly English and French. In view of this, there is a social demand in the labor market for medical workers who speak English perfectly, and in higher educational institutions there is a demand for language courses from students of residency. The main purpose of the study is to develop a methodological model for teaching residents of foreign language professional communication based on an integrated approach.Research Methods. To achieve the main goal, theoretical and empirical research methods are applied, which make it possible to study and analyze existing theories and concepts on the topic of developing a methodological model for teaching residents of foreign language professional co mmunication based on an integrated approach. Based on the analysis of the academic literature on the research topic, the regularities of the construction of the methodological model, its functions and component composition are revealed. Modeling of the educational process makes it possible to create an effective methodological model for teaching residents of foreign language professional communication based on an integrated approach.Results and Discussion. The conducted research makes it possible to identify the didactic functions of the methodological model: 1) orienting; 2) regulatory; 3) formative; 4) controlling. Based on the identified didactic functions, a methodological model for teaching residents of foreign la nguage professional communication based on an integrated approach is developed, which is structurally presented in the form of five consecutive blocks: 1) prerequisites; 2) goal setting block; 3) content block; 4) operational and activity block; 5) evaluation and performance block.Conclusion. The developed methodological model for teaching residents of foreign language professional communication based on an integrated approach allows creating a simulation of the educational process in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed teaching met hodology. The obtained research results are supposed to be used in the methods of foreign language teaching in medical universities in the training of residents.

The Challenge of a Ghoib Divorce Lawsuit: An Analysis of a Court Decision and Legal Implications in Indonesia

This research aimed to analyze the legal basis and considerations of judges in deciding ghoib divorce cases and their legal consequences for the parties involved. This study combines normative and empirical research methods. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed qualitatively to describe the problem and address the research purposes. The results showed that in deciding ghoib divorce cases, the Panel of Judges considered various aspects balanced, including the reasons for divorce given by the plaintiff and witness testimony. The judge made the appropriate decision by verstek, granting the ghoib divorce lawsuit and imposing talaq one ba’in sughra. The legal consequences of ghoib divorce refer to Article 119 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, which regulates talaq ba’in sughra, while Law Number 1 of 1974 and the Civil Code only regulate the legal consequences of divorce in general. Therefore, it is recommended that judges consistently adhere to the principles of justice and caution when handling ghoib divorce cases. Married couples must realize that disappearing without a trace is not a wise solution and will only complicate problem-solving. Divorce should be pursued as a last resort after all efforts to maintain the household have failed. Furthermore, the government needs to create more transparent and comprehensive rules and guidelines regarding the ghoib divorce trial process in Religious Courts to avoid legal uncertainty and ensure the protection of all parties’ rights.

NETRALITAS APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH 2020 DI KABUPATEN LUWU TIMUR

The neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) is needed in political processes such as the general election of regional heads because civil servants are public services and civil servants who truly stand independently without having to take sides. The problem in this research is the neutrality of the state civil apparatus in the head election. 2020 Region in East Luwu Regency. How to impose sanctions for violations of the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Regional Head Election (Pilkada) in East Luwu Regency in 2020. This research aims to. To find out and analyze the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus in the 2020 Regional Head Election in East Luwu Regency. To find out how to impose sanctions for violations of the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Regional Head Election (Pilkada) in East Luwu Regency in 2020. This research was conducted using Normative Empirical legal research methods. The research was conducted in East Luwu Regency. The East Luwu Regency Government, together with Bawaslu, in organizing the regional elections, is committed, together with Election Organizing Institutions and Non-Election Organizing Institutions, to implementing Regional Elections with integrity, namely by preventing violations and fraud in the implementation of Regional Elections. Providing sanctions for violations of the neutrality of the State Civil Service requires fact-based case handling.

EVALUATION OF STUDENTS' TRAINING LEVEL IN THE ELECTIVE DISCIPLINE "QUALITY SYSTEMS IN PHARMACY"

The pharmaceutical industry is rapidly developing and implementing new innovative approaches and legal regulation of the quality management system of medicinal products, which includes a set of methods, processes and resources that are necessary for quality management. Therefore, the study by students of the specialty 226 "Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy" of the elective discipline "Quality systems in pharmacy" is an important area of professional training of a qualified specialist who will master the methodology of quality management, normative-legislative and organizational-economic aspects of quality control of medicinal products at pharmaceutical enterprises. Training of domestic students in the field of drug technology is an important direction of pharmaceutical education today. The main tasks of studying the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" are: formation of students of higher education in general knowledge about the quality indicators of medicinal products according to the stage of their life cycle by fulfilling the requirements of proper pharmaceutical practices and developing documentation in accordance with their requirements; formation of practical skills; raising the level of general and scientific development of students of higher education, forming their outlook and perspective as modern qualified specialists in the field of pharmacy. The purpose of the work was to study the assessment of the level of training of domestic students in the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy". Materials and methods. We used an empirical research method (questionnaire). Questionnaire was a key research method, as it allows to get answers from the student audience regarding the organization of the educational process. A survey was conducted to assess the level of preparation of domestic students of the 5th year of the Faculty of Pharmacy who completed the study of the selective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy". 50 full-time students and 2 distance learning students took part in the survey. Out of all the respondents, only one studies on budget forms of education. Research results. According to the curriculum, the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" at the Faculty of Pharmacy of IFNMU is studied in the V course in the IX semester, at the stage when students have already acquired basic knowledge of pharmaceutical disciplines. The discipline is chosen by already formed specialists who possess a large stock of theoretical knowledge and practical skills and are motivated to study a new subject, so it remains for the teacher to systematize information for the proper conduct of the discipline study course. 3 ECTS credits are provided for the study of the discipline in the curriculum. The discipline includes 20 hours of lectures, 30 hours of practical classes, 40 hours of independent student work and ends with a module. Lecture and practical material taught at the level of modern scientific and practical data with the aim of forming students' program results. We conducted an analysis of problems in the organization of the educational process for students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University during full-time education. The success of implementing the selective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" and ensuring a high level of training depends primarily on the quality of the work of scientific and pedagogical workers.

Legal responsibility of mining companies for agricultural land damage due to mining activities in Wasile district, East Halmahera Regency

The problematic activities of mining companies towards agricultural land damage should no longer be a collegial problem, but have logical consequences for society and the environment. Furthermore, it has become a shared responsibility of humanity. Natural resources are a trigger for excessive use of environmental services. Therefore, the reason some people exploit environmental capital is not only intended to survive, but instead is based on the basis of interests alone. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of legal responsibility of mining companies for agricultural land damage due to mining activities in Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency. The research method used in this study is the empirical legal research method, through literature studies and field studies, namely conducting interviews. Environmental protection and management requires the development of an integrated system in the form of a national policy for environmental protection and management that must be implemented in a principled and consistent manner from the center to the regions. Legal responsibilities of mining companies include: The company must ensure that environmental costs are included in the management fund including environmental preservation after mining activities are carried out.

The Evolution of Educating for Sustainable Development in East Asia: A Bibliometric Review, 1991–2023

This systematic review addressed the need for documentation and analysis of the scope and topical foci of research on education for sustainable development (ESD) in East Asia. The review used descriptive, content, and keyword co-occurrence analyses to synthesize features of 1915 Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 1991 and 2023. The authors found that research interest in ESD in East Asia has grown rapidly, accelerated by the pronouncement of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development in 2005 and the Sustainability Agenda 2030 in 2015. Researchers in China, Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, and Thailand have been the leading contributors to this regional knowledge base. Consistent with global ESD reviews, content analysis revealed that this literature emerged from studies of environmental education and gradually expanded to include sociocultural, economic, and integrated perspectives on sustainability. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed three thematic clusters: Environmental Sustainability in Education, Social Sustainability in Education, and Teaching and Learning for Sustainability. Temporal co-word analysis highlighted the research front, which includes environmental research focusing on carbon/energy issues, technology-enhanced learning for sustainability, empirical research methods for studying ESD, and, to a lesser degree, studies of the economic pillar of sustainability in education. Recommendations are offered for future research.

Criminal Fines and Customary Justice in Papua: Socio-Legal Analysis in Child Sexual Intercourse Cases

This study aims to analyze the formulation and application of criminal fines for child sexual intercourse within Papuan Indigenous society. Utilizing a socio-juridical or empirical legal research method, the study examines criminal sanctions, particularly fines, in cases involving child sexual intercourse. Data collected from primary, secondary, and tertiary sources are analyzed qualitatively to draw legal conclusions. The research highlights that customary law, recognized under the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, plays an essential role in the legal culture of Indigenous communities, including those in Papua. Customary courts, as established by Law Number 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for Papua Province, are recognized within specific customary law communities. These courts operate based on the respective community's customary law, with provisions allowing for judicial review in formal courts if a party disagrees with the customary Court's ruling. Regarding fines as a criminal sanction, determining the appropriate amount often complicates the resolution of cases. The system is rooted in communal values emphasizing collective rather than individual justice, reflecting principles of kinship, religious beliefs, and societal cohesion in decision-making.