Review Of Empirical Literature Research Articles

Digital Location Tracking of Children and Adolescents: A Theoretical Framework and Review.

Many parents in the U.S. have begun using GPS-based digital location tracking (DLT) technologies (smartphones, tags, wearables) to track the whereabouts of children and adolescents. This paper lays the foundation for an emerging science of DLT by performing the first theoretical analysis and review of empirical literature on DLT. First, we develop a framework to clarify how DLT should be conceptualized and measured, how it compares to historical strategies for monitoring youths' location, and the mechanisms by which it might affect youth adjustment. Second, we review what is known about DLT today, finding that (1) DLT use is now common from childhood to emerging adulthood, with 33-69% of U.S.families using it; (2) there are sociodemographic differences in DLT use; (3) DLT use has significant cross-sectional associations with other parenting behaviors, with family functioning, and with youth adjustment; and (4) there is much speculation, but minimal data, about the new ethical and developmental issues that might arise from DLT use (e.g., privacy invasions). Third, we critique the existing evidence base to outline priorities for future research, emphasizing the need for longitudinal data, better measurement, and moving beyond convenience samples. We conclude that DLT is a new, common, and vastly understudied parenting behavior of clinical and developmental relevance.

Politics of International Oil Companies (IOCs): Understanding PETRONAS Carigali Nile Ltd Exit From South Sudanese Oilfields

The study has examined the politics of the International Oil Companies (IOCs), the case study of PETRONAS Carigali Nile Ltd. It does this by appraising the legal violations of PETRONAS Carigali Nile Ltd exit and farming out from South Sudanese oilfields. The study explains the politics of IOCs and particularly, PETRONAS Carigali Nile Ltd as dependent variable and independent variables such as legal violations of Petronas Carigali Nile Ltd, types of residual liabilities and responsibility of these liabilities.The study was subjected to stringent empirical literature review and the gaps in the literature were filled through fieldwork. During fieldwork, the methodology of research tools and instruments such as questionnaires and interview guides/schedules were deployed with target of 52 respondents. Persuasive and cluster type of sampling amongst the senior staff of Ministry of Petroleum (MOP), Nile Petroleum Corporation (NILEPET), Dar Petroleum Operating Company (DPOC), Sudd Petroleum Operating Company (SPOC) and Greater Pioneer Operating Company (GPOC) were applied. The study findings indicate that PETRONAS Carigali Nile Ltd has politicized and violated sections 12, 22, 23, 24, 41 & 42 of the Petroleum Act 2012. Various types of liabilities such as cost recovery audits, environmental audit, petroleum taxes, surface rentals, and cash calls should be taken care off by Petronas Carigali Nile Ltd or by a company that farms into its shares. While the study concludes that PETRONAS Carigali Nile Ltd exit and farming out has been politicized and violated the laws of the Republic of South Sudan, the study recommends that the Ministry of Petroleum should be held responsible for all the legal violations Petronas Carigali Nile Ltd have committed in South Sudan without any action. Whether Savannah Energy Ltd farms into Petronas Carigali Nile Ltd shares or not after the PETRONAS has exited, consequences should be rolled out for such violations so that no any other IOC can do it again in the near future in this volatile oil and gas industry.

Dignity at Work: A Critical Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda

This article provides a narrative review of the literature on dignity at work with a focus on social justice perspectives, which informs the development of a conceptual framework to guide future theory, research, practice, and public policies. Dignity at work encompasses earned and inherent dignity; the capacity for autonomous action; the affirmation of diversity; access to decent and humane work conditions; freedom to organize and resist; and opportunities for contribution, meaningfulness, and achievement. The literature review highlighted the diverse disciplinary and conceptual frameworks that inform how dignity at work is defined and understood along with a review of relevant empirical literature exploring the nature, antecedents, and outcomes of dignity at work. We presented a critical conceptual model that includes macro-level, work-based and relational conditions, systems of oppression, and resistance as the context for understanding dignity at work and its outcomes. The paper concluded with directions for future research and implications for practice and public policy.

Fighting recent inflation: An empirical literature review of monetary and governmental policies

Inflation is a crucial issue for businesses and households, central banks and governments, in fact for all economic actors, as it has a strong impact on economic growth and welfare. This literature review captures how monetary policy and governmental policy can control inflation, how their measures work, and which are the key points to consider when conducting these policies, especially in times of crisis. It uses academic papers from the past eight decades, supplemented by publications from financial and economic institutions, but focuses on literature beginning with the 2000s to capture the latest methods and techniques to find out what drives inflation and how. Monetary policy and governmental policy should act together to effectively fight inflation. Monetary policy can have adverse effects on governments’ future tax revenues and debt-to-GDP ratios. Fiscal policy measures should be associated with altered government spending to avoid high inflation rates and/or high debt burdens in the future. Especially during and right after crises, measures have to be evaluated as too long support can fuel inflation in the future. Both parties should also take into account people’s inflation expectations, as these shape their economic behaviour.

Centering Equity within Principal Preparation and Development: An Integrative Review of the Literature

Throughout the globe, there is growing attention being paid to issues of equity and efforts to produce more equitable student learning outcomes in schools, and much of the scholarship internationally has begun to center school leaders as key drivers of more equitable conditions. Indeed, in the United States, persistent inequities in education have highlighted the need for K-12 principals who can effectively support diverse students. Effective leader preparation and development, particularly with a focus on equity, is crucial, as it equips school leaders with the knowledge and skills to create inclusive and equitable learning environments. U.S.-based research highlights that high-quality, equity-centered preparation programs can significantly impact student outcomes, emphasizing the importance of integrating equity-focused training in leadership development. However, we know less about the design of high-quality preparation programs oriented around equity, and scholars have noted that current programs are often ill-equipped to prepare equity-centered leaders. Therefore, this study provides an integrative review of the U.S.-based equity-centered principal preparation literature to extract learnings from several types of publications, including descriptive and empirical studies, literature reviews, and conceptual essays. This study provides insights into four key elements of equity-centered principal preparation and development: program vision, curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment. This review consolidates insights from the existing literature into a single, accessible article, offering valuable learnings for program faculty, others who prepare school principals, and researchers focused on equity-centered preparation. Additionally, while centered on the U.S. context, this review is likely to be of value to leadership preparation and development programs in other national contexts, particularly those that have more recently begun to form.

Shared sanitation facilities and risk of respiratory virus transmission in resource-poor settings: A COVID-19 modeling case study.

Water supply and sanitation are essential household services frequently shared in resource-poor settings. Shared sanitation can increase the risk of enteric pathogen transmission due to suboptimal cleanliness of facilities used by large numbers of individuals. It also can potentially increase the risk of respiratory disease transmission. As sanitation is an essential need, shared sanitation facilities may act as important respiratory pathogen transmission venues even with strict control measures such as stay-at-home recommendations in place. This analysis explores how behavioral and infrastructural conditions surrounding shared sanitation may individually and interactively influence respiratory pathogen transmission. We developed an individual-based community transmission model using COVID-19 as a motivating example parameterized from empirical literature to explore how transmission in shared latrines interacts with transmission at the community level. We explored mitigation strategies, including infrastructural and behavioral interventions. Our review of empirical literature confirms that shared sanitation venues in resource-poor settings are relatively small with poor ventilation and high use patterns. In these contexts, shared sanitation facilities may act as strong drivers of respiratory disease transmission, especially in areas reliant on shared facilities. Decreasing dependence on shared latrines was most effective at attenuating sanitation-associated transmission. Improvements to latrine ventilation and handwashing behavior were also able to decrease transmission. The type and order of interventions are important in successfully attenuating disease risk, with infrastructural and engineering controls being most effective when administered first, followed by behavioral controls after successful attenuation of sufficient alternate transmission routes. Beyond COVID-19, our modeling framework can be extended to address water, sanitation, and hygiene measures targeted at a range of environmentally mediated infectious diseases.

Anomaly and intrusion detection using deep learning for software-defined networks: A survey

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) represent an adaptable paradigm for dealing with network users’ dynamic demands. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability are fundamental pillars for the security of the networks, which are often targeted by cyberattacks. The scientific community has been recently exploring deep learning to implement Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) against network attacks. In this survey, we aim to present an empirical literature review on state-of-the-art NIDS based on deep learning for defending SDNs. The essential steps to develop such systems are carefully examined: benchmark datasets, data preprocessing, deep learning modeling, hyperparameter tuning, and performance evaluation. There has been a growing trend in published works since 2021, underpinning the importance of the research field, which is still active and under investigation. We support the development of the area by discussing the identified open issues and future research directions.

Transcending the Conventional Development Paradigm in Africa: What about the Afro-modernism Way?

Abstract While empirical evidence evinces that the conventional development model has significantly yielded desired socioeconomic impacts in the North, the same has virtually failed to demonstrate similar scores in Africa. Today, poverty, in its dimensionality, constitutes the lives of many people on the continent. According to this paper, this situation calls for a new philosophical and pragmatic shift – the Afro-modernism model. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the potential and relevance of this theory insofar as Africa’s development impasse is concerned. This analytical paper has benefited from a systematic review of empirical and theoretical literature. It argues that despite inherent intricacies, the theory presents the continent with a unique opportunity to genuinely engage with and draw from a communally-informed framework – “ubuntu” in the process of reimagining and reinventing the community’s aspirations and goals, but at the same time, making use of the most relevant attributes present in the prevailing dominant conventional model for a comprehensively desired outcome.

Consumer behavior toward plant-based foods: a theoretical review, synthesis and conceptual framework

PurposePlant-based (PB) and meat-reduced (MR) diets have a positive impact on human and environmental health, yet consumer acceptance of such diets is relatively low. Research investigating factors influencing consumer behavior around PB and MR diets is emerging; however studies lack strong theoretically underpinned, comprehensive theoretical frameworks. In this paper we synthesize factors from current literature and propose a comprehensive theoretical model across different consumer dietary types (e.g. omnivore, flexitarian, pesco-vegetarian) and account for consumer cognitive dissonance to facilitate a transition to MR diets.Design/methodology/approachThe factors are examined in a five-step integrative literature review of empirical literature about PB/MR-related consumer behavior since 1989. Studies are critically assessed across four theories commonly used to explain the different antecedents of sustainable consumer behavior. We focus on the theoretical domains framework with COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation and behavior) framework, as it provides the strongest foundation for modelling the consumer behavior of interest.Findings107 studies have empirically investigated PB/MR consumer behavior. Of these, 81 studies applied some COM-B domains, but no study has captured all domains. Scant studies investigating cognitive dissonance in the PB/MR literature have been published. Different consumer dietary types are featured across 47 studies; however, none of the studies comprehensively capture all dietary types and psychological discomfort in different consumer dietary types and cognitive dissonance theory.Research limitations/implicationsTo synthesize the findings of the present study, we propose an alternative model to address the before-mentioned gaps identified in our critical analysis. The alternative model captures the relationships between the 12 domains of the COM-B model constructs, psychological discomfort and consumer dietary types in the PB/MR foods setting.Practical implicationsThe proposed research model facilitates the transition from MB diets to PB diets in three ways: (1) By differentiating consumer dietary types in terms of the COM domains influencing their PB/MR behaviors, PB-producing businesses could better target their foods to hitherto overlooked consumer dietary categories, such as lacto-vegetarians or emerging categories, such as flexitarians, through more refined segmentation and sharper profiling of consumers. (2) Knowing the level of capabilities of consumers in respect of cooking skills and knowledge about purchasing and preparing PB foods could help marketers develop strategies to improve buyers' skills and knowledge. (3) With an understanding of the opportunities (from the Opportunity domain of the COM-B model), including environmental context and resources and social influences, PB food businesses could more effectively market their PB food products. (4) It provides an understanding of capability, motivation and opportunity factors separately but also the interrelationship between these COM domains, as all these variables are intertwined.Social implicationsOur ILR with the proposed model and the resulting research helps facilitate progress in the transition to PB diets necessary for more sustainable global food production and consumption.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to critically assess existing PB/MR literature regarding each of the COM-B domains, psychological discomfort and the six dietary types. We propose an alternative research model to address the gaps in literature and explain the antecedents and moderators in PB/MR dietary transition. The proposed model may provide information for practitioners and future researchers to understand a wider range of relevant factors influencing consumer’s behavior in transitioning to PB/MR diets.

Women’s leadership matters in education for planetary health

Women in higher education are in critical positions for preparing future healthcare professionals to support the health of people and the planet. However, women’s leadership remains an under-explored area in education for planetary health (EPH) literature. This article articulates, through a review of empirical and theoretical literature, that it is vital to highlight women’s perspectives as leaders of EPH. We argue that women are well positioned for developing and delivering EPH, and that exploring women’s leadership in EPH will nuance understandings of the gendered challenges that leaders in this field face. We propose that women’s leadership in EPH can be enhanced through celebrating role models as well as improving access to partnership, funding, and research opportunities. This article adds women to the agenda of the diverse voices that need to be heard for advancing EPH, inspiring others to join the growing collective of educators partnering for the health of people and the planet.

Functional social support in patients with myasthenia gravis: Narrative review

IntroductionSocial support promotes feelings of stability, predictability and self-esteem and reduces the social isolation, because information, tangible assistance and emotional support can be obtained from the social network. MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the international empirical literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of social support and social networks on patients diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. The following databases were consulted: CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Information was collected up to 2nd December 2022. ResultsThe initial search generated 46 articles, but after the exclusion criteria had been applied, the total number of articles analysed was 13. ConclusionsThe symptoms of myasthenia gravis, especially ptosis and slurred speech, can have a major psychosocial impact and a negative effect on interaction social.

Surveillance System with Impediment of Face Discovery Using Python

In recent years, It is an active area of research and development with there ongoing and active work on computer vision. This paper presents an empirical literature review of the existing research on human facial recognition as up-to-date. This research start providing the reader with a brief on the uses and working of face recognition. The most recent approaches to facial recognition are then reviewed in the literature. The performance and drawbacks of these face recognition algorithms are also tested through use of the Labelled Wild Face (LWF) face dataset images as well as real time images. With the increasing use of real-time facial recognition systems, it is important to examine the accuracy of these systems given the reliability and 94.23% accuracy are achieved for facial recognition by the proposed model.

Polycentric Climate Governance: The State, Local Action, Democratic Preferences, and Power—Emerging Insights and a Research Agenda

Abstract In recent years, climate governance has shifted from the global, multilateral regime to voluntary initiatives from multiple directions. Scholars frequently use a polycentric governance lens to study the complex and multijurisdictional reality. The polycentric perspective helps to grasp the new reality at a general level, but it is lacking in specificity. To fill this research gap, this article attempts to enhance the analytical power of the polycentric governance perspective by exploring four issues: the role of the state, diffusion of local action, integration of local democratic preferences, and the role of power. These issues are discussed by doing a systematic literature review of empirical polycentric governance literature regarding climate change mitigation. The results show the importance of states at the national level and provide insights into how local initiatives share and transfer knowledge, get supported by transnational networks, and secure compliance with local democratic preferences. The literature gives less insight related to power. The article concludes by developing research agendas for further cumulation of knowledge and to strengthen climate action at all levels.

Anti-corruption reporting: a review empirical literature

Purpose This review summarizes the empirical literature dealing with anti-corruption disclosure as this specific type of disclosure has attracted a great deal of attention in accounting literature. Design/methodology/approach Keywords used to collect relevant papers from numerous electronic databases (e.g. Science Direct, Emerald, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer and Taylor and Francis) include “anti-corruption reporting” “anti-corruption disclosure”. The final sample encompasses a set of 35 empirical studies published between 2015 and the beginning of 2024. Findings The summary of reviewed studies suggests that anti-corruption empirical studies are mainly cross-country investigations. Two streams of research are identified: (i) the determinants of anti-corruption disclosure and (ii) the economic consequences of anti-corruption reporting. With respect to the first stream of research, six main categories of determinants are identified (corporate characteristics, corporate governance attributes, informal institutions, stakeholders’ pressures, country institutional effect and regulation effect). With respect to the second stream of research, findings show that anti-corruption reporting is negatively associated with profitability, reduces earnings management and enhances corporate social reputation. Practical implications With respect to regulators, this review sheds light on the importance of anti-corruption disclosure in the fight against corruption. It also suggests that the adoption of some regulations like the Directive 2014/95/EU in the European Union or the 2010 UK Bribery Act have contributed to more transparency. With respect to investors, the existence of some determinants of anti-corruption reporting (e.g. United Nations Global Compact membership, cross-listing, multinationality, board independence) may signal the adequacy of corporate reporting policy and that management is following an adequate strategy to fight corruption and enhance transparency. Originality/value This review offers future research avenues for accounting scholars with respect anti-corruption disclosure literature.

Increasing Turnover Rate among Emirati Employees in Private Sector in Ras Al Khaima

Purpose: This study is aiming to examine the factors that contribute to the increasing rate of Emirati employees leaving their jobs in Ras Al Khaima private sector. It will demonstrate how these factors affect employees and result in their decision to leave their jobs. Additionally, which factor has the most impact on their intentions to resign will be identified. Moreover, what Human Resource Management do in response to that issue in order to strengthen their organization's position in the business market. According to the findings, this paper will attempt to introduce and propose some recommendations on how Human Resource Management can attract Emirati people to work in Ras Al Khaima private sector. Methodology: To handle this problem, the research will depend on the based-literature review methodology. The study relied on literature review to infer the factors that contribute to the increasing turnover rate among Emirati employees in Ras Al Khaima private sector. A comprehensive review of relevant academic and empirical literature was conducted to find out these factors. Findings: The main finding of the study is the positive relationship between job satisfaction and salary, rewards, benefits & compensation, as well as flexible work practices and career development opportunities. Job satisfaction decreases the employee intention to quit their jobs. Additionally, shorter working hours which is needed to achieve work-life balance is related positively to employee retention and decreases turnover rate among employees. The paper also concluded that organizational support, fairness perception, and work-family culture are critical variables in employee retention. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study will provide new insights that would incorporate different views on employee turnover relevant to the Emirati context particularly in the private sector of Ras Al Khaimah. It will offer some recommendations that will enable policymakers to develop measures that can help reduce turnover rates among Emirati employees. It will also help in improving the HR practices according to the awareness of the socio-cultural and economic characteristics that affect the Emirati workers. Additionally, the policy recommendations may inform the creation of laws and measures that could enhance the employment status and satisfaction of Emirati employees in the private sector. The paper recommends creating strategic Emiratization initiatives, enhancing work environment through focusing on cultural values, engaging HR managers in setting UAE-specific HRM models that account for cultural and organizational peculiarities.

Gen-Z: Eksplorasi Identitas Budaya dan Tantangan Sosial Dalam Era Digital

Generation Z, born between the mid-1990s to the early 2010s, grew in a rapidly evolving era of digital technology. Exploring cultural identity and facing social challenges is two important aspects of Gen-Z's life in this era. This article presents an in-depth analysis of the cultural identity of Generation Z and the social challenges it faces in the context of digitalization. By blending empirical research and literature review, this article explores various aspects of Gen-Z's life, including how technology shapes their cultural identity, the impact of social media on mental health, and social challenges such as online activism and the pressure of conformity. By understanding this dynamic, we can help shape more effective policies and strategies to support the positive development of Generation Z in the digital age.

Leveraging Community Health Workers as a Novel Approach to Reduce Maternal Mortality: A Discourse Analysis

Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), representing a critical challenge requiring novel approaches to reach underserved populations. Community health worker (CHW) programs have demonstrated potential to promote maternal health by enhancing health literacy, service utilization, and access to care. This study aimed to critically synthesize evidence on leveraging CHWs as an innovative strategy for reducing maternal deaths across LMICs. A review of empirical literature from 2000-2023 was conducted across major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase). Quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods and review studies reporting primary data on CHW program impacts related to maternal health in LMICs were included. Thematic synthesis was used to explore CHW roles, implementation factors affecting effectiveness, and impacts on drivers of maternal mortality. CHWs increased antenatal care attendance, facility-based deliveries, obstetric complication recognition/referrals, and postnatal follow-up—contributing to reductions in maternal mortality across contexts like Nepal, Ethiopia, and Malawi. However, optimizing impact required comprehensive training, logistical support, functional integration of CHWs into health systems, community participation mechanisms, and tailored incentive packages fostering motivation. Persistent implementation challenges included poor supervision, lack of supplies/transportation, fragmented referral coordination, and inadequate sustainable financing. On implications, there is the need for context-adapted program models underpinned by health system readiness and multistakeholder commitment to overcoming long-standing implementation barriers.

A Comparison of Legislative Election Systems in Indonesia and Malaysia

The article aimed to analyze the comparison of electoral systems in Indonesia and Malaysia due to relevant differences and similarities. In Malaysia, the legislative election system was implemented to elect members of the People Council using a district platform. Meanwhile, Indonesia used an Open Proportional system to elect members of the National and Regional Representative Councils. A total of three aspects were also compared between both countries through a legal research and comparative approach, namely Government, Election, and Party Systems. Data collection was subsequently carried out through empirical studies, including interviews and literature reviews. The results showed that differences in government systems, state forms, and administration were observed between Indonesia and Malaysia, where proportional and district electoral platforms were implemented, respectively. Despite the differences, the two countries still had various similarities, such as the implementation of a multiparty system using different party coalition platforms. Variations were also observed in the implementation of voting rights by soldiers and convicts within both countries.

The power threat meaning framework 5 years on - A scoping review of the emergent empirical literature.

Since its release the Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF) has received considerable interest and uptake. However, there have not yet been any attempts to review the scope of this emergent literature. This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize: (1) all empirical research which utilized the PTMF in their methodologies, (2) the characteristics of these studies, (3) the different ways in which these studies utilized the PTMF, and (4) the key findings of these studies. This review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) scoping review extension (PRISMA-ScR). Following systematic searches of academic databases and grey literature, 17 studies meeting eligibility criteria were included. These papers were subject to critical appraisal, data charting, and narrative synthesis. This review identified four uses of the PTMF: (1) PTMF-informed data collection, (2) PTMF-informed data analysis, (3) Experiences of/views on the PTMF, and (4) PTMF-informed psychological practices. This evidence-base demonstrated the merits of utilizing the PTMF across a range of disciplines, settings, and populations. This heterogeneity also presents challenges for evidence synthesis. Implications for research (e.g. importance of the coherent and consistent approach to research) and practice/policy (e.g. professional training, collaboration, service-level barriers) are considered.

DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTIONS: UTILISING TIERED ACTIVITES IN EFL CLASSES

The article focus on the importance of differentiating instructions as well as tiering the tasks in EFL classes appropriately. The empirical research shows that there is a gap in implementing the elements of differentiated instructions (DI) in practice and many educators have a lack of knowledge or experience to utilize tiering activities in their classes. The article provides key information and elements of tiered activities based on empirical research and literature reviews.