Empirical Frame Research Articles

Gendered experience of military service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (on the example of a military unit X 0000)

Over the past 10 years, the Ukrainian state has provided opportunities for women to serve in the army on an equal basis with men at the legislative level. Meanwhile, the army may still be identified as a maledominated institution, as Ukrainian servicewomen still face challenges during their service because of their sex.The empirical frame of the study was a case study (containing qualitative and quantitative components) of the experience of military service in the military unit X 0000. Based on the analysis of secondary sources and our own empirical research, we managed to identify gendered challenges specific to the experience of servicewomen in the Armed Forces, including during the Russian-Ukrainian war.The key gendered challenges of serving in the military unit X 0000 for women were vertical and horizontal gender segregation; the need to correspond with masculine standards and to combine the status of a military with the status of a woman, wife, and mother that sometimes have opposite role expectations, which can lead to role conflict; the need to combine childcare and household duties with work; stereotypes about servicewomen that exist within and outside the army; sexism and violence (psychological abuse and sexual harassment). The case study results allowed us to confirm empirically, illustrate with examples, and clarify the range of gendered challenges in the army, outlined in the analysis of secondary sources.The study highlights the special challenges for military women that arise during the period of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. For example, women, unlike men, may be protected and prevented from working in ‘male’ positions. The article also shows that servicewomen may themselves uphold traditional gender roles, try to conform to patriarchal norms, and oppose gender equality. All this leads to the reproduction of gender inequality in the army.

글로벌 손해보험산업의 성장성과 수익성 및 안정성에 관한 연구

The objective of this paper is to provide a theorectical and empirical frame work to asses the tradeoffs among three fundamental objectives: profitability, growth, and safety in global general insurance indusry (USA, Japan and Korea). Our financial performance analysis relies on panel data of global general insurance industry for the years from 2010 to 2019 by using key financial variables. A quantitative evaluation of three countries genneral insurers' financial growth, profitability and saferty areas is carried out. The financial evaluation is done in the growth, profitability and safety factors including premium and capital increse ratio, underwriting and investment income, leverage and solvency ratio. The results show that there are no key differences among three impact areas: impact of general insurance growth on profitability, profitability on saferty, safety on growth in three countries. Also, the results suggest that the impact of safety on profitability and growth is a positive and significant relationship and emphasize the need to jointly consider growth, profitability, and safety when evaluating general insurers financial performance. Therefore, global general insurance indusry has to strive to strengthen financial soundness through growth and profitability because underwriting profit and growth depend on the level of safety.

Exploring how retail and logistics service provider managers make sense of sustainability in last mile delivery

PurposeAn increasing number of last mile deliveries (LMDs) pose many sustainability challenges that retailers and logistics service providers (LSPs) can address. Using cognitive frames (CFs) as a lens, this study explored how retail and LSP managers make sense of sustainable LMDs.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach used is a multiple embedded case study. The data were obtained from interviews with retailers and LSPs, supplemented with secondary data for triangulation.FindingsThe findings present the operational aspects of LMDs that managers associate with sustainability and indicate that retail and LSP managers frame sustainability primarily as emission reduction. Managers indicate an externalization of responsibility and a compartmentalization of the supply chain, in which social sustainability is not associated with the last mile. Most managers indicate hierarchical CFs regarding sustainability, in which sustainability is an important topic but is subordinate to economic interests.Practical implicationsCollaboration between retailers, LSPs and other stakeholders is viewed as challenging but could alleviate some of the sustainability shortcomings and aid in the paradoxical framing and inclusion of social issues.Originality/valueA conceptualization of managerial CFs for sustainable LMDs, together with empirical frame indicators and three propositions, is presented, providing novel insights into how paradoxical CFs could make LMDs more sustainable. This approach illuminates the possibilities for how to untangle the operational manifestations of managerial framing and adds to the empirical exploration of CFs in supply chain management.

Mining the past: The case for historical narratives in global justice theorizing

Debates on global justice, it is claimed, can be enriched in important ways by more explicitly historicizing our approach and using historical narratives, stories and debates to expand our conceptual vocabulary and theoretical purview. The claim is illustrated through a specific analysis of Paul Robeson’s relationship with the Welsh Miners. It is argued such a historical turn, grounded in a wider interdisciplinary engagement with subjects such as cultural studies may see at least three key benefits accrue in terms of our understanding of the field. Firstly, it can uncover philosophical and theoretical ideas and alternatives so far unconsidered; secondly, it can generate a shift in the empirical frame that accounts for and seeks to identify means for “real world” political change; lastly, it should encourage us to question the in/out dichotomy at the heart of the western debate, which projects global injustice as being “out there.”

POZİTİF EĞİMLİ BİR PHİLİPS EĞRİSİ MÜMKÜN MÜ?

Inflation and unemployment, and their relationship with each other, are two broad topics among the wide range of subjects in economics literature. Several hypotheses on the relationship between these two terms were suggested by many economists at different times throughout economics history. The empirical frame of the relationship between inflation and unemployment in economics literature was formed for the first time by A.W.H. Phillips through the study called by his own name, Philips curve in 1958 which was then developed by R. G. Lipsey, P. Samuelson and R. Solow, M. Friedman and E. Phelps and Robert. E. Lucas. M. Friedman stated that Philips curve might be positively sloped at certain times even if it's temporary in the study he presented in the Nobel Economics Conference in 1976. The current study focussed on the weighted averages of 5-year-zone inflation and unemployment data of the selected countries between the years 1995-2019 as practiced by M. Friedman. The findings of the empirical analysis demonstrated that inflation and unemployment synchronized upwards and downward in the selected countries in relevant periods and Philips curve was positively sloped rather than negatively sloped.

GRASSROOTS ECO-SOCIAL INNOVATIONS DRIVING INCLUSIVE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

The paper discusses research results on waste governance and circular economy, conducted with waste picker cooperatives in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Two cases have been selected, from a pool of 21 waste picker organizations, to video document their grassroots eco-social innovations that have improved local waste management and the lives of the cooperative members. The videos support knowledge sharing with key actors in waste governance and the circular economy. Social grassroots innovation theory focuses on livelihood opportunities beyond the formal labour market, pursuing social inclusion by creating meaningful work for individuals who were considered left out and in vulnerable situations. Transitioning to sustainability necessarily goes beyond socio-technical innovations but rather integrates eco-social perspectives. After first introducing grassroots innovation theory and the concept of eco-social innovations the paper describes the empirical frame and presents two cases where organized waste pickers were successful in operationalizing innovations that address the circular economy and contribute to sustainability transitions. Key findings highlighted are cooperative governance, long-term partnership building, improved productivity and increased income.

Reifying “river”: Unpacking pluriversal possibilities in rejuvenation surrounding the Adi Ganga of Kolkata

Using the River Adi Ganga as the case study and implementing the historical urban political ecology (HUPE) framework, in this article we demonstrate multiple trends and trajectories that comprise city-river relationships. We explore coeval ontologies framing “river,” “riverine space” and “river rejuvenation” schemes, encapsulating “storylines” through the deployment of multi-modal (qualitative) research methodologies to trace and document plural perceptions on the river that was declared to be “dead”—the pillaged stretch that embodied the construction of the metro pillars. Media journalists and activists' narrative, that this act had slaughtered the river and robbed her of her original flows and services, has crafted a deep imprint on the citizens of Kolkata who consider the river as a stinking sink, offering minimal sewerage facilities to the city. Our paper challenges this linear depiction and weaves together positive moments, events and actions that keep the river flowing—shaping and in turn being shaped by (more-than)human actors across long temporal units and scales. We integrate the numerous agential and stakeholder voices attached to the river, shedding light on various (un)successful attempts to revive the river beyond global conceptualizations of what a “river” should be. We believe that the unfolding of this “pluriverse” will forge sustainable understandings of the river's current challenges and existing opportunities toward a collaborative blueprint through knowledge coproduction, stakeholder mobilization and actions. While our empirical frame of reference focuses on micro-realities surrounding a particular river on a specific urban hydroscape, our theoretical conceptualization framings and methodological applications will have potentials to be implemented at scales.

VALIDATION IN ART TEACHER AND PROFESSIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION CURRICULA IN FINLAND

<p>Intention and opportunity for validation of competences acquired in different contexts are considered influential to meet the incremental changes in the world of work. Positioned in the universities of applied sciences delivering art and professional teacher education in Finland, we study emergence of validation of prior learning in the intended, or planned, curricula. The Nordic Quality Model for Validation was employed as the empirical frame of reference. Data were collected from the institutions’ open websites. The critical discourse analysis revealed differences in curricular discourses between and across the institutions. Texts with more indicators of validation were found within larger providers of professional teacher education, whereas those were more scarce in texts from smaller institutions. Validation texts are shorter in length and more fragmented in art teacher curricula. Despite its centrality in educational policy, validation remains in the margins of art and professional teacher education curricula. It is unlikely that the intended curricula facilitate teacher trainers’ efforts to form a shared repertoire of a community of practice in validation of non-formal and informal learning. We suggest further study on the enacted and experienced curricula to examine the role of validation in art teacher and professional teacher education.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0893/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Why theory is not myth

AbstractJames Cresswell provides a thoughtful critique of my essay on a theory of myth (Mills) with a specific focus on the nature of theorizing that challenges the dogma of empirical frames of reference, concluding that scientific theories themselves are contemporary myths. Insofar as myth is an attempt to provide a narrative or discourse about phenomena, Cresswell's argument could apply to any theory. But he takes this point further: theory is synonymous with myth. In order to unpack this evocative claim, it may prove useful to revisit how theory and myth relate to the concepts of logos, truth, ontology and identity. In the end, I suggest theory is not myth because theory sets out to describe, interpret and explain phenomena and is scrutinized for its validity, generalizability and applied consequences, while the premises of myth are often historically and culturally presupposed or simply devolve into belief that may or may not be defensible.

The art of net assessment and uncovering foreign military innovations: Learning from Andrew W. Marshall’s legacy

ABSTRACT Andrew W. Marshall, who shaped the way in which contemporary international security experts think about strategy, has been mostly associated with the invention of net assessment. The intellectual sources of this analytical technique, and of the related competitive strategies concept, could be traced to Marshall’s efforts to uncover Soviet post-World War II defense transformations. This article outlines the essence of these Soviet innovations – the empirical frame of reference that inspired Marshall. It provides a new perspective on the history of the net-assessment methodology, advances the debate within strategic studies over the nature of military innovations, and offers insights for experts examining defense transformations worldwide.

The Hybridity of Inclusive Innovation Narratives Between Theory and Practice: A Framing Analysis

Inclusive innovation remains an under-conceptualised and ambiguous concept despite garnering political and academic interest in recent decades. This paper explores the narratives of inclusive innovation that exist in literature and how these are framed in practice, using a case study of the Kenyan agricultural sector. Findings indicate that while there is significant similarity between the theoretical and empirical framing of the concept, there are also stark differences. In addition, different actors such as the state, development agencies, the private sector or universities do not fully ascribe to any of the existing theoretical narratives on inclusive innovation. Instead, they frame it based on their own contexts, mandate and interests using concepts borrowed from existing theoretical narratives. This indicates that instead of a grand theory of inclusive innovation that applies universally, there are several ways of enacting inclusive innovation. This also limits the transferability of a one-size-fits-all model of inclusive innovation.

Empirical frame hyper-surfaces as models of multi-parametrical technological systems

This paper is devoted to the mathematical and computer simulation of multi-parameter technological systems. The method and algorithm can easily be used in spline-frame simulation of the systems. Simulation is based on experimental data and achieved by the variation of one-dimensional spline approximations. A set of variable one-dimensional cubic spline-frames generate the model of hyper-surface, which is a model of the process. Each of the spline-frames is the image of a section of input parameters area. Software realization is based on the single algorithm that is used repeatedly. The problem of building some model of hyper-surface is based on empirical irregular 0-dimensional frame. We consider the problem as an inverse problem of modeling. The method has been used in investigation some technological conditions of thread seams for sewing industry. We investigated the durability and harshness of the seam. Geometric models and parameter valuations were generated by special software. The equations and diagrams described our experiments with sufficient exactness and there were used for researching the process. The model together with software HYPER-DESCENT may be applied for simulation multi-parametrical systems or technological processes of light industry.

여자프로농구 교체선수들의 경기경험에 관한 근거이론적 접근(Ⅱ)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the empirical frame in their process of experiencing the match by analyzing deeply what agony & difficulty the female professional basketball substitute athletes suffer in the match and how they solve them by using the grounded theory approach.BR Method: The participants of this study were total 6 substitutes of each team belonged to Women’s Korean Basketball League (WKBL). Following results were obtained by processing the collected data through the process of open coding, axial coding and selective coding.BR Results: First, through the open coding, total 153 concepts, 28 subcategories and 13 categories were obtained. Second, through the axial coding, total 6 paradigm elements were shown such as the causal condition, contextual situation, central phenomenon, arbitration condition, interaction strategy and outcome, and through the outline of overall story, and the relations among the categories were analyzed. Third, through the selective coding, the substitute’s match experience, the core subject were drawn and through the outline of overall story, the match experience of the substitute were presented. Fourth, diverse methods and strategies to enhance the competence of substitute were presented in the discussion.BR Conclusion: These results are discussed in playing effective experience for basketball athletes, and some future studies are suggested.

Phenomenology of the «Lifeworld» of Urbanites in the Extraurban Space in the Near North: the House and Domestication

The article deals with a phenomenological reconstruction of the «lifeworld» of urbanites who buy houses in the countryside for recreation and who then begin to create a different, non-urban models of existence, the center of which becomes a rural-style log house. The empirical frame is based on the so-called «distant dachas». These are houses bought by urbanites in the villages in the peripheral rural areas located more than 400–600 km from the major cities – Moscow or St. Petersburg. This process is accompanied by the formation of a special «lifeworld» (in terms of phenomenology) among the townspeople with associated mental structures such as «home», «hearth», «possession», «historical past», «world of belongings of previous owners», «abandonment in space», «solitude», «significant other», «archaica», etc. In the Near North of Russia, specifically in the villages of the Kostroma Oblast, among the urbanites – summer residents and downshifters, one can observe a special approach to organizing everyday life, involving the individualization of their living space with the priority of intangible values that fit into the context of preserving the socio-cultural space of their vision of the ideal Russian village.

Neoliberalization, fast policy transfer and the management of labor market services

Neoliberalism has been a core concern for international political economy (IPE) for several decades, but is often ill-defined. Research offering greater definitional clarity stresses the role of contingent and local level factors in diverse processes of neoliberalization. This paper contributes to that literature, addressing a surprising gap in critical IPE knowledge; the management practices by which pressures to activate the unemployed and to make them more competitive, are implemented. The paper suggests that performance management is significant as both a depoliticizing policy coordination mechanism and a highly politicized policy implementation practice. The paper invokes a scalar-relational approach which sees the pressure to innovate and compete at lower scales as driven by the political economy of competitiveness at the system scale. The paper reports on research undertaken within the empirical frame of EU meta-governance, showing how performance management is part of lower-scale attempts to adapt to system-scale pressures. It is neoliberalizing in both form and content. It concludes by showing that while performance management may be a significant component of neoliberalization there is scope for engagement and contestation motivated by egalitarian ideals. Critical IPE scholars interested in contesting neoliberalization should therefore engage with the political economy of management practice as well as policy design.

Makroekonomski efekti monetarne transmisije u Srbiji - SVAR pristup

Evaluations of the effects of transmission mechanisms in monetary policy are one of the essential macroeconomic issues. The main objective of this article is to examine the effects monetary policy has on the overall economic activity and prices in the Republic of Serbia by using the appropriate theoretical, methodological and empirical frame. Macroeconometric modelling has been carried out by means of the non-recursive SVAR model. The time period ranging from M01 2007 - M12 2015 has been selected as a suitable timeframe. The study has shown that the exchange rate is the most important channel of monetary transmission in Serbia. Also, the study has revealed that the movements and fluctuations in output are highly influenced by money supply. Policy makers should bear in mind the limited impact of exchange rates in the long run. Also, monetary authorities should pay special attention to the interest rate channel, as the main instrument of monetary policy, which has little influence due to the high rate of euroisation of the national economy.

Labor Supply Under Participation and Hours Constraints: An Extended Structural Model for Policy Evaluations

The paper extends a static discrete-choice labor supply model by adding participation and hours constraints. We identify restrictions by survey information on the eligibility and search activities of individuals as well as actual and desired hours. This provides for a more robust identification of preferences and constraints. Both, preferences and restrictions are allowed to vary by and are related through observed and unobserved characteristics. We distinguish various restrictions mechanisms: labor demand rationing, working hours norms varying across occupations, and insufficient public childcare on the supply side of the market. The effect of these mechanisms is simulated by relaxing different constraints at a time. We apply the empirical frame- work to evaluate an in-work benefit for low-paid parents in the German institutional context. The benefit is supposed to increase work incentives for secondary earners. Based on the structural model we are able to disentangle behavioral reactions into the pure incentive effect and the limiting impact of constraints at the intensive and extensive margin. We find that the in-work benefit for parents substantially increases working hours of mothers of young children, especially when they have a low education. Simulating the effects of restrictions shows their substantial impact on employment of mothers with young children.

Labor Supply under Participation and Hours Constraints

The paper extends a static discrete-choice labor supply model by adding participation and hours constraints. We identify restrictions by survey information on the eligibility and search activities of individuals as well as actual and desired hours. This provides for a more robust identification of preferences and constraints. Both, preferences and restrictions are allowed to vary by and are related through observed and unobserved characteristics. We distinguish various restrictions mechanisms: labor demand rationing, working hours norms varying across occupations, and insufficient public childcare on the supply side of the market. The effect of these mechanisms is simulated by relaxing different constraints at a time. We apply the empirical frame- work to evaluate an in-work benefit for low-paid parents in the German institutional context. The benefit is supposed to increase work incentives for secondary earners. Based on the structural model we are able to disentangle behavioral reactions into the pure incentive effect and the limiting impact of constraints at the intensive and extensive margin. We find that the in-work benefit for parents substantially increases working hours of mothers of young children, especially when they have a low education. Simulating the effects of restrictions shows their substantial impact on employment of mothers with young children.

Seeking common ground: making connections big and small

Purpose This essay furthers cross-cultural exchange, and understanding. Written for a general audience by a teacher educator, it argues for accepting all others into the academic conversation. Using varied examples, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate both lifelong learning and the power of connecting across difference. Design/methodology/approach The author draws upon experience as a teacher and professor and his engagement with Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for examples of edification and engagement. Findings The author cites both the current period and a mid-twentieth-century American major event, the civil rights March on Washington to illustrate possibilities for connection, clarity and symbiosis. Originality/value Written for this journal, this essay uses an original and skeletal theoretical and empirical frame as well as field examples to argue for inclusiveness, exchange and acceptance of all learners.

Assessing In-Store Food-to-Consumer Communication from a Fairness Perspective: An Integrated Approach

This article addresses a highly specialised form of communication that most people in the industrialised world engage in every day: The one-way communication between a food product and an individual consumer who is considering buying the product during his or her daily shopping in a supermarket. In addition to identifying and analysing the key variables of this form of communication, we focus on how the outcome is best evaluated in terms of fairness. Using an in-depth review of 821 Danish administrative cases on misleading food naming and labelling as an empirical frame of reference, we set up a cross-disciplinary conceptual framework and meta-language suited for identifying and analysing the conflict scenarios displayed by these cases beyond the common-sense reasoning that dominates the argumentation of the immediate actors (companies, consumers, authorities) today. A key aim is to provide a conceptual basis for predicting and systematically testing the misleading potential of specific food labelling solutions on empirical grounds, as a supplement to testing consumer liking, preference, and choice, which has been the main focus in adjacent, mostly marketing-oriented research.