Empathic Approach Research Articles

Demographic, socioconomic, and health correlates of sleep quality and sleep duration among community-dwelling older adults in India

BackgroundRecent research has revealed that today’s older adults report more sleep problems than their predecessors, a trend compounded by expanding social stratification. As such, this study examined the demographic, socioeconomic, and health correlates of sleep quality and sleep duration among community-dwelling older adults in India.MethodsThe current study sample draws on data from 7118 respondents aged 50 years and over participating in the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (WHO-SAGE) wave-2 dataset. Sleep quality (good, moderate, and poor) and sleep duration (in hours and minutes) were self-reported. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between sleep quality and sleep duration and several demographic, socioeconomic, and health indicators.ResultsA total of 12.84% and 36.1% of older adults reported long (> 8 h) and short (< 7 h) sleep, respectively. Older adults with primary education had lower odds of poor sleep [aOR: 0.85, CI: 0.73–0.99] than peers with no formal education. The odds of poor sleep were lower among those in higher wealth quintiles than those in the poorest quintile. Older adults with higher education had higher odds of short sleep [aOR: 1.36, CI: 1.06–1.74], and those with primary education had lower odds of long sleep [aOR: 0.70, CI: 0.54–0.91] than those without formal education (base category: age-appropriate sleep, i.e., 7–8 h). Older adults who were widowed had lower odds of both short [aOR: 0.82, CI: 0.68–0.98] and long sleep [aOR:0.74, CI: 0.58–0.95] compared to those who were currently married. Older individuals with adequate nutritional intake reported lower odds of short [aOR:0.59, CI: 0.49–0.72] and higher odds of long sleep [aOR:1.52, CI: 1.20–1.93] relative to their counterparts. Older adults who reported chronic conditions and body pain had higher odds of poor sleep and short sleep than their counterparts.ConclusionsWe identified significant associations between several unmodifiable factors, including age, education, and marital status, and modifiable factors such as dietary intake, body pain, and pre-existing chronic ailments, and sleep quality and sleep duration. Our findings can assist health care providers and practitioners in developing a more holistic and empathic approach to care. Moreover, that several demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors are consequential for older adults’ sleep health suggests that early detection through screening programs and community-based interventions is vital to improving sleep among older Indians who are most susceptible to sleep problems.

Unfolding the empathic insights and tendencies among medical students of two gulf institutions using interpersonal reactivity index

BackgroundEmpathy is an essential core competency for future doctors. Unfortunately, the medical curriculum is infamously known to burn out aspiring doctors, which may potentially lead to a decline in empathy among medical students. This research was planned to understand the evolution of empathic approaches among students across the curriculum using the Interpersonal reactivity index (IRI) as a benchmark at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI-MUB) and University of Sharjah (UoS).MethodsWe adopted a cross-sectional design and administered an online survey to the medical students of RCSI-MUB and UoS using a modified version of the IRI along with its three subscales of empathic concern (EC), perspective taking (PT), and personal distress (PD). To identify intra- and inter-institutional variations in empathy scores, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed separately for each institution and with both institutions combined. A two-way ANOVA was conducted for the comparison between years and institutions. For the subscale analysis of EC, PT, and PD, we used one-way ANOVA for significant differences between years at both institutions. For the gender-effect analysis, t-test was performed to examine the differences in total IRI scores at both institutions combined and at each institution separately. Additionally, an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was done to identify the influence of gender on empathy scores.ResultsA total of 140 students from both institutions participated in this study. We found a fluctuating pattern of empathy scores without a clear trend across the years. The sub-scales of EC, PD, and PT across academic years at both institutions showed significant differences within the EC at RCSI-MUB (p = 0.003). No significant differences were identified across other years from both institutions. There were significant differences between empathy scores from RCSI-MUB and UoS for EC (p = 0.011). Additionally, a pronounced interaction effect between year and institution was observed for PT (p = 0.032). The gender-wise analysis showed that female students had higher empathy scores than males (p = 0.004). The ANCOVA for IRI score results revealed a p-value of 0.023, indicating that gender plays a crucial role in empathy levels among medical students. The ANCOVA results revealed a p-value of 0.022 in the EC subscale.ConclusionOur study unveiled intricate patterns in empathy development among medical students across years and genders at RCSI-MUB and UoS. These congruences and dissimilarities in empathy scores signal a subjective understanding of empathy by medical students. The disparities in understanding may encourage medical educators to embed empathy in standard medical curricula for better healthcare outcomes.

Revisiting Empathy, Motivational Systems, and a Theory of Cure

ABSTRACT Lichtenberg’s chapter on “Empathy, Motivational Systems, and a Theory of Cure” was a brilliant effort to integrate his new paradigm of multimotivational systems with Kohut’s empathic approach to psychotherapy. Lichtenberg shows how the clinical dialogue with patients can be monitored by using empathic perception to track shifts in motivational systems. At any given moment, a particular motivational system may become dominant. Successfully identifying the dominant motivation through empathic perception creates in patients a feeling of being understood without judgment. This ambience of safety allows for a shift that activates an exploratory motivation with patients and a spirit of inquiry. An observational platform is created where experience from the past with attachment figures and interaction in the here and now in therapy can be explored from new perspectives. Recent research in psychotherapy that uses monitoring the clinical dialogue with patients by tracking shifts in motivational systems supports the view of its positive effects. Lichtenberg’s “theory of cure” is based on the premise that an empathic perception that monitors shifts in motivational systems will mobilize intrinsic self-righting capacities in patients. I note that there is controversy about what mutative factors in psychotherapy are most important: building an ambience of safety and trust or creating new insights into personal and internal conflicts through the use of language and symbolic representations. Both factors are crucial for positive changes in psychotherapy, and their importance will vary from patient to patient and from one patient–therapist relation to another. I note that Wilma Bucci’s multiple code theory that sees experience coded at subsymbolic and verbal symbolic levels supports this view. I close by proposing that we can build on Lichtenberg’s multimotivational system by adding a trans-survival need to give meaning to our lives.

Using an Empathetic Approach to Explore Technology Readiness and Needs for Digital Services to Assist People with Dementia.

This qualitative study investigates technology readiness, i.e., self-management, social support, and digital health literacy, in people with dementia (PwD). PwD are difficult to recruit; therefore, we used an empathic approach to recruit and conduct interviews. The interviews with seven participants with dementia and two informal caregivers, guided by the READHY framework, reveal nuanced insights into their experiences. Participants demonstrate varying degrees of self-management, with informal caregivers playing pivotal roles in facilitating activities and supporting overall well-being. Cognitive challenges, such as concentration and communication difficulties, are prevalent, highlighting the importance of robust support systems. Internal and external support networks significantly influence social integration, yet societal misconceptions impede inclusion, exacerbating feelings of isolation for both participants and caregivers. Limited interaction with technology is observed, primarily reliant on caregivers for assistance. Technology may hold potential for enhancing independence and alleviating caregiver burden. As an empathetic approach eased recruitment and communication with PwD, we recommend using this approach for future studies to include participants who otherwise would not be recruited. Given that the number of participants in this study is limited to only seven PwD with moderate to severe cognitive impairment, further investigation using mixed methods, including the READHY framework, and a larger number of participants is needed to examine the generalizability of the findings.

Understanding the impact of natural disasters on children within fist hours and days after an event: A phenomenological study through the experience of nurses.

Children are a particularly vulnerable group in natural disasters such as earthquakes, and although they represent a difficult group to research in such situations, there appears to be a lack of literature investigating children's experiences in the immediate post-earthquake period. Experienced nurses can shed light on children's experiences. This study was conducted to examine the experiences of nurses caring for children affected by the earthquake in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. This phenomenological study was conducted with nurses who provided care to children during the Kahramanmaraş earthquake between May and August 2023. The study sample consisted of 14 nurses selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews by using the "Introductory Information Form" and "Semi-structured Interview Form" developed by the researchers. The interviews were subsequently analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The results revealed five themes under two main themes. Under the main theme of nurse, there are subthemes of chaos, helplessness-incompetence, while under the main theme of child, there are subthemes of unresponsiveness, intertwined needs, empathy, and care. The study also highlights the chaotic environment in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, characterized by a high number of pediatric casualties and psychological trauma, and the nurses' feelings of helplessness as a result of being separated from their families. This study found that nurses caring for children in the earthquake had difficulties in managing children's hospital processes and they demonstrated an empathic approach by trying to communicate with the children in their care. The nurses stated that children should be supported psychologically as well as having their basic needs such as water, food, and shelter met. Health policymakers should be aware that in the early stages of major disasters such as earthquakes, children are not only physically injured but also have basic needs such as water, shelter, and food, and are emotionally affected. It is recommended that disaster management plans be developed to address all children's needs and nurses be provided with psychological support and training to improve their knowledge and skills.

Validation of a Questionnaire for Equine Personality Assessement

ABSTRACT We propose a practical method of assessing the personality of horsesusing five personality axes. Four evaluators empirically judged 19 horseindividuals on specific adjectives for each axis. To validate thequestionnaire, four behavioral tests were conducted with these same animals(social interactions, novel object test, bridge test,and arena test). In this tests, the frequencyof specific behaviors were evaluated to create a scale related to the samepersonality adjectives and judge the animals based on their reactions.The questionnaire was reliable in determiningthe personality of horses, since the results were consistent with thoseobtained through behavioral tests. Additionally, in this group of horsesattention reactions were more frequent than fear reactions, but significantdifferences occurred among tests. This study proposes a practical questionnairefor owners and trainers to assess the personality of their horses. Theapplication of this tool can improve the relationship between humans andhorses, directing a more empathic approach in the everyday routine with theseanimals

Being a Surrogate Partner: The Challenges of Fragile Boundaries.

Surrogate partner therapy is a type of treatment in which the surrogate partner (SP) works in a triadic setting with a sex therapist and a patient. At the same time, the SP acts as an intimate surrogate partner to the patient. The SP treatment includes a range of therapeutic experiences such as relaxation, intimate communication, sensual and sexual contact, and training for the acquisition of social skills. In the current study, we ask what and how SPs experience, understand, and construct boundaries in their work. We used Winnicott's therapeutic conceptualization of psychotherapy as a mode of playing and Goffman's dramaturgical role theory as the theoretical framework for our exploration. Applying a phenomenological and empathic approach, we analyzed 13 in-depth interviews with Israeli SP. It appears that SP's transitions from one performance to another are dramatic, in that their role requires the involvement of sexual and emotional helping relations with their patients. Moreover, SPs are obliged to have secrecy at all levels and in various relationships in their lives. We uncovered various complexities that SPs experience, such as a lack of clarity about their role, which creates challenges for building their professional and personal identity and affects their family and social relationships.

‘It’s a struggle’ – the role of the school Health and Well-being Lead in supporting families in poverty

This article explores one primary school’s response to addressing poverty experienced by children and families, within a post-Covid context. It draws on a small-scale qualitative case study exploring the role of the Health and Well-being Lead (HWBL) in a primary school in a relatively affluent market town in the south-east of England. A psychoanalytical approach was taken to understand the data drawing on the researchers different situated experiences and knowledges. Participants included children, parents and staff at the school. All parent participants shared their financial challenges, which they referred to as ‘struggles’, with many relating to the impact of the cost of living and adverse unexpected events. Staff raised concerns about how cuts to support services and funding for schools had contributed to and exacerbated challenges due to long waiting lists and a lack of early intervention. The role of the HWBL was recognised by both parents and staff as an important resource within the school. Integral to this role was a non-judgemental and empathic approach, which created an open and trusting relationship with parents. Despite the apparent success of the role, it was evident that the workload and the increase in ‘struggles’ experienced by families was having an impact on both the HWBL and other staff. While we acknowledge that such a role could benefit other schools, we argue that this will only be successful and sustainable if the government also addresses the need for early intervention, funding and the workload crisis in children’s services and schools.

Psychoanalysis, Harm and Risk Reduction in Vulnerable Populations

Since 2013, Corra pro Abraço has offered harm-and-risk reduction programs to substance users and other vulnerable populations in the communities of Salvador, Brazil. When translated into English, the agency’s name “Run for a Hug” epitomizes a profoundly empathic approach derived from both classical psychoanalysis and contemporary theory and practice in mental health. Informed by the concept of “analytical device” to examine the interplay between human, political and physical geography, Corra pro Abraço emphasizes the ethical-political dimension of psychoanalysis. This mission is promoted on multiple levels, from the psychologist who works with individuals on the street, to the planners of a new extension for individual counseling, to the advocates who saw psychoanalysis successfully inserted into aspects of Brazil social policy.

University academic tutoring in times of COVID-19. Proposal of strategies from the perspective of the tutor and tutored

The impact of COVID 19 on university higher education has been noticeable in the transformation of the operating system from face-to-face education to distance education. This mixed-approach research sought to determine the relationship between university academic tutoring and vocational training, as well as to describe and analyze the work conducted in academic tutoring at a public university in the Faculty of Business Sciences, Agrarian Sciences and Engineering to know the strategies they execute and elaborate proposals. A survey was administered to a random sample of 227 tutors. Then, 25 tutors and 25 tutors were selected, applying a semi-structured interview. The results indicate that there is a high positive correlation between academic tutoring and vocational training (0.728) and between academic tutoring and the dimensions: personal (0.712); professional (0, 671) and academic (0, 679). It is concluded that this should follow an organizational process that allows individual and group orientation activities, as well as co-referral when specialized help is required. The tutors must meet certain qualities that allow an empathic approach with the tutors; and academic management should provide continuous training for tutors to improve their strategies.

Validity and reliability evaluation of the Turkish version of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index.

This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index, an instrument to assess nurses' empathy. A practical empathic approach is valuable for planning nursing interventions suitable for the patient's conditions and needs and increasing patient satisfaction. This is a methodological study. The study was carried out at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital, recruiting a total of 358 nurses between January and February 2023. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine and validate the factor structure of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, all goodness of fit measures were within acceptable limits. Cronbach's α values were 0.89 for the total scale with 17 items and between 0.73 and 0.81 for the factors. In test-retest analyses, all intra-class correlation coefficients were higher than 0.7, and the correlations between the first and second applications of the scale were between 0.61 and 0.73. The Turkish version of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index can be applied as a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate empathy in Turkish nurses.

Disaster preparedness perception, pyschological resiliences and empathy levels of nurses after 2023 Great Turkiye earthquake: Are nurses prepared for disasters: A risk management study.

The purpose of the study is to determine the disaster preparedness perceptions, psychological resilences and empathy levels of nurses after 2023 Great Turkiye Earthquake. This descriptive study was conducted in 2023 using with E-Anket. This study was carried out with voluntary participation of 464 nurses living in different geographical regions of Turkiye. The data of the study were obtained utilizing Nurses' Disasters Prepardeness Perception Scale (NDPPS), Pyschological Resileince Scale (PRS) and Empathy Scale (ES). In this study, the disaster preparedness perception of the nurses was found to be at medium level. More than half of the nurses (65.1%) reported that they did not received any disaster training before. A meaningful was found between the nurses' disaster preparedness perceptions and their empathy levels and psychological resilence. As in many countries, it is possible to state that also in Turkiye, the training of nurses for disasters are inadequate and that the studies on this subject are limited. This study will provide a theoretical platform to develop nurses' awareness of disaster preparedness and pyschological resilience and empathic approach programs to increase disaster resilience, and to conduct future research on disaster nursing.

Assessing the Feasibility of an Empathic Inquiry Approach to Social Needs Screening in 10 Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Despite an increasing emphasis from health care organizations on patients' social health, there is debate about how best to screen patients for social health needs in practice. Empathic Inquiry is a patient-centered approach to asking about patients' social needs that incorporates motivational interviewing and trauma-informed care techniques to increase patient experience of trustworthiness and safety with their care teams. The purpose of this brief report is to describe the feasibility and acceptability of implementing an Empathic Inquiry-informed approach to social needs screening in 10 federally qualified health centers. Clinical staff at community health centers implemented Empathic Inquiry as part of an 8-month learning collaborative. Patients completed surveys about their experience with Empathic Inquiry after screening conversations took place. Qualitative data on organizational implementation experience were collected monthly during 2018. Eight of 10 organizations completed the learning collaborative and implemented Empathic Inquiry in practice. Of 132 patient surveys received, patients agreed (64% strongly agree, 28% somewhat agree) that being screened for social needs strengthened their relationship with their care team and 83% strongly agreed the conversation was a good use of time. Most patients (54%) indicated social health screening was appropriate at every visit, and 27% answered once every 6 months. The Empathic Inquiry approach to understanding patients' social needs was feasible for implementation in community settings. Patients said the conversations were worthwhile, built trust with their care teams, and should be conducted every 6 months or more frequently.

Emotional brand communication on social media to foster financial well-being

Through the lens of the emotional contagion theory, it is argued in this paper that retail banks’ brand communication strategies must enhance customers’ financial well-being in a bid to foster more engagement and create more trust. Financial well-being is even more important when customers experience hard economic times, as was the case during the period under review. To engage emotionally with customers in a digital environment devoid of real interaction, retail banks must be more aware of their emotional tone on social media by implementing a brand communication strategy that is more empathetic. Adopting an inductive qualitative research approach, this study assessed the emotional tone most evident in the Twitter corpora of seven South African retail banks’ social media brand communication during a pandemic, from a financial content marketing perspective. These banks were selected because they supply banking services to the general public, as opposed to corporations or other banks. In doing so, several data analysis tools were used to understand the context and the emotional tone characteristics embedded in the corpus, namely linguistic inquiry and word count, NVivo, and the social media analytics tool, Mention. While the retail banks’ financial content marketing initiatives focused on educating consumers about the banks’ products and services and how these may assist them to accomplish their financial objectives, the banks did so with an empathic approach and a positive emotional tone. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the need for financial brands, particularly retail banks, to focus on a positive emotional tone in their social media brand communication strategies to enhance customers’ financial well-being, especially in developing countries. The findings also accentuate importance of understanding emotional contagion for effective financial content marketing.

Clients' and genetic counselors' perceptions of empathy in Japan: A pilot study of simulated consultations of genetic counseling.

The rapidly increasing availability of genetic testing is driving the acceleration of genetic counseling implementation. Empathy is important in medical encounters in general and forms a core component of a successful genetic counseling session; however, empirical evidence on empathy in genetic counseling is minimal. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of empathy in simulated genetic counseling consultations from the perspectives of clients and genetic counselors. Semi-structured interviews and interpersonal process recall were used with participants of simulated genetic counseling consultations to elicit their experiences of empathy. A constructivist grounded theory was used for data analysis. A total of 15 participants, including 10 clients and 5 genetic counselors, participated in 10 simulated counseling sessions. The genetic counselors attempted to demonstrate empathy and were sensitive toward detecting changes in clients. Meanwhile, the clients' perceptions represented their feelings and thoughts elicited through the counselors' empathic approaches. This was the first process study to examine empathy in simulated genetic counseling sessions. Our model of communication of empathy is a process in which counselors try to address implicit aspects of clients, and clients are provided with time and a safe place for introspection, which contributes to discussions on building good relationships with patients. There is also a suggestion of the utility of simulated consultations for healthcare providers to learn empathic communication.

GD03 Identifying core outcome domains and development of a cutaneous leishmaniasis core outcome measure for use in clinical practice and trials

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite transmitted through a sand fly bite. A review of clinical trials examining different treatment modalities for CL found studies to be deficient in design, execution, analysis and reporting. Core outcome sets (COS), including agreed domains and measures, have been developed for several dermatological disorders. The aims of this study were to reach consensus on the most important core outcome domains to measure when assessing CL, agree on parameters to measure the domains and develop a clinical tool to assess CL. Potential outcome domains for CL were identified through a collaborative international approach involving virtual discussions and e-consultations with stakeholders, including teams caring for CL from Sri Lanka, India, Brazil and the UK. A subsequent judgement process was then undertaken, using the multidisciplinary stakeholder panel of international experts, adhering to nominal group technique to reach final agreement on the core outcome domains. Clinicians presented cases representing the clinical and psychosocial impact of CL to ensure the patient’s perspective was considered. Established core outcome domains included signs and symptoms (objective and subjective), treatment efficacy, treatment impact, clinical sequelae (scarring and pigment) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). For each core outcome domain, a review of previous approaches to measure the domain was considered. Items to measure the domains were then evaluated by multiple rounds until the panel of experts reached consensus. It was agreed that ‘signs and symptoms’ should capture clinical morphology, diameter and induration of an index lesion with the aid of a palpability score; ‘treatment efficacy and impact’ should capture patient and investigator views through visual analogue scores, percentage change in size of the lesion and re-epithelialization compared with baseline. Sequelae assessment rated pigment, as well as atrophic and hypertrophic/keloid scars. Two open-ended questions were included as a means of capturing some aspects of HRQoL. CutLeishCOM was then generated to capture demographic details, reflect the core outcome domains and assess outcome measurements in each patient. CutLeishCOM has been validated in a small cohort in this study; further validation is required. A specific patient-reported outcome measure should also be considered to ensure adverse effects from treatments, and negative impacts are captured when assessing CL, thus enabling a patient-focused and empathic approach to management.

Abstract 714: Using empathy-driven instructional design to reimagine cancer research

Abstract Following the advent of groups like PCORI, patient engagement in clinical research is no longer a novel concept. However, involvement of lay stakeholders in areas such as artificial intelligence or biomedical informatics can pose challenges. Community stakeholder involvement in cancer research can prove especially challenging as cancer has personally impacted nearly everyone. The purpose of this study was to assess whether addressing needs outlined in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) helped community stakeholders feel prepared for this role. The University of Florida (UF) health science center employs Citizen Scientists (CSs) as partners in the research process to offer insight otherwise unavailable to researchers. To prepare for this role, CSs complete an online curriculum, co-created by their peers and UF researchers, to educate them about clinical research. The UF Health Cancer Center created the CS Cancer Curriculum (CSCC) as a companion piece to the clinical research course. To create the CSCC, researchers, administrators, and CSs and participated in a needs assessment to identify common interests. Through this needs assessment, the research team found that each CS had personal connections to cancer and the team felt an empathic approach to the course design was necessary to respect these experiences. The SDT and reflective questions were applied throughout the course. Storytelling was used to present a multipart case study series with a patient, family members, and physician. Those videos were accompanied by a note that the story may cause the viewer to recall their own painful experiences. The note then prompted viewers to review resources from the National Cancer Institute support services page if needed. All but two of the nine CSs scored a 95% or higher across all questions in the CSCC. Overall course assessments included a pre/posttest and a case study assessment based on the SDT. Relatedness (100%) and autonomy (83%) were the highest construct scores of the case study assessment, indicating that CSs felt most empowered in their role once they had more of an emotional connection to the subject matter. For the pre/posttests, confidence in their ability to learn and apply the content to their work grew slightly (79% to 80%). However, scores for the “Capable” construct rose by several percentage points. At the pretest, 81% felt they were capable of learning the content and, at the posttest, 86% felt that they were capable of applying the content. Taking the time to ensure that the psychological needs of learners are met can result in committed, engaged research partners who can provide pragmatic feedback and have long-lasting effects on cancer research. The CSs in this study were passionate about this work, despite the intimidating jargon and dense concepts used in this field. They are an excellent example of how impactful community stakeholders can be if researchers can meet them where they are. Citation Format: Janet Brishke, Zachary Jones, Elizabeth A. Shenkman. Using empathy-driven instructional design to reimagine cancer research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 714.

Baba Destek Programları Fark Yaratır mı? Baba Katılım Rollerinin İncelenmesi

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine why fathers who participated in the father support programme organised by Mother Child Education Foundation (MCEF) participated in the programme, the change in their views regarding father involvement roles, and their suggestions for the programme. &#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is in the qualitative research model and designed in case study method. The criterion sampling method was used to determine the study group of the research. The sampling of this study consisted of 12 fathers who regularly attended the Father Support Programme conducted in a kindergarten in Derince district of Kocaeli province in the 2019-2020 academic year. In the study the data obtained through a semi-structured interview form were analysed through the content analysis method.&#x0D; Findings: According to research findings, participants took part in the programme to establish a close relationship, gain proper parental attitudes, and receive emotional support. The participant father views regarding father involvement and the change in their practices were examined in five categories: Interactive togetherness, accessibility, responsibility, empathic approach, and democratic attitude. In line with the study outcomes. The suggestions of the participants were demonstrated at the micro and macro levels. At the micro-level, it was indicated that the parents should attend such support programmes together, and families with different parental attitudes should be reached. At the macro-level, the integration of this school-run organisation into the educational curriculum and its spread through non-governmental organisations and municipalities are included.&#x0D; Highlights: It was recommended that the father support programmes should be disseminated in schools and supported by the local authorities. For the dissemination of the training activities, studies can be carried out in universities for the prospective teachers to allow them to meet the Father Support Programme and the Ministry of National Education can take steps to support the teachers that are competent in family involvement programmes to apply these activities in their classrooms and schools.

Empathic Approaches for Supporting Black Students During Remote Learning

This article examined how elementary educators understood the experiences of Black students during remote learning and subsequently demonstrated empathy for Black students during the 2020–2021 academic year. While there is ample literature on the benefits of empathy on student outcomes, much of this research falls short in capturing the utility and complexity of empathy in remote settings. Moreover, much of the literature on empathy omits the role that identity plays in conceptualizations of empathy. Findings from this study suggest that in order for educators to bypass the physical and psychological distance created by remote instruction, educators must develop innovative and iterative practices that allow them to develop an in-depth understanding of their students, which will allow them to demonstrate appropriate empathic actions.

Disability Research in Australia: Deciding to Be a Research Participant and the Experience of Participation.

Little is known about why people with disability choose to take part in disability research and what their experience is like. Knowledge of this may help researchers and research ethics committees improve the empowered and ethical participation of people with disability in disability, healthcare, and human service focussed research. This cross-sectional mixed-methods study explored the perspectives and experiences of a group of Australian adults with disability regarding their involvement in research. Online surveys (N = 29) and follow-up interviews (N = 15) were conducted. The study found the decision to participate was a complex appraisal of benefit to self and others, research relevance, value, comfort, convenience, safety and risk. The attitudes and behaviours of researchers in cultivating trust by adopting an empathic approach to the conduct of disability research appear to be an important aspect of participant experience. Research ethics committees may benefit from knowledge of the 'microethical' moments that occur in such research.