Emotional Messages Research Articles

Analisis semiotika pidato kenegaraan terakhir Presiden Joko Widodo pada sidang tahunan MPR 2024

This research aims to examine the semiotic analysis of President Jokowi's final state speech at the 2024 MPR annual session through Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic approach which involves the analysis of representamen (signs), objects (sign references), and interpretants (use of signs). This research using descriptive qualitative methods to understand the meaning and content contained in the speech. The results of the study show that "Semiotic analysis of President Jokowi's final state speech at the 2024 MPR annual session" effectively conveys emotional messages about apologies, conveying achievements, and leadership hopes. in the future. This speech teaches that whatever we do there must be something good and not good. As humans we need to be humble and apologize for what we have done so far

Emotional text messages affect the early processing of emoticons depending on their emotional congruence: evidence from the N170 and EPN event related potentials

Emoticons have been considered pragmatic cues that enhance emotional expressivity during computer-mediated communication. Yet, it is unclear how emoticons are processed in ambiguous text-based communication due to incongruences between the emoticon's emotional valence and its context. In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological correlates of contextual influence on the early emotional processing of emoticons, during an emotional congruence judgment task. Participants were instructed to judge the congruence between a text message expressing an emotional situation (positive or negative), and a subsequent emoticon expressing positive or negative emotions. We analyzed early event-related potentials elicited by emoticons related to face processing (N170) and emotional salience in visual perception processing (Early Posterior Negativity, EPN). Our results show that accuracy and Reaction Times depend on the interaction between the emotional valence of the context and the emoticon. Negative emoticons elicited a larger N170, suggesting that the emotional information of the emoticon is integrated at the early stages of the perceptual process. During emoticon processing, a valence effect was observed with enhanced EPN amplitudes in occipital areas for emoticons representing negative valences. Moreover, we observed a congruence effect in parieto-temporal sites within the same time-window, with larger amplitudes for the congruent condition. We conclude that, similar to face processing, emoticons are processed differently according to their emotional content and the context in which they are embedded. A congruent context might enhance the emotional salience of the emoticon (and therefore, its emotional expression) during the early stages of their processing.

Digital Advertising Trends and Effectiveness in the Modern Era: A Systematic Literature Review

This research aims to understand the latest trends in digital advertising and measure the effectiveness of video content and social media in increasing engagement, conversion, brand awareness, and customer loyalty. This research utilizes a quantitative study design with a cross-sectional survey to collect data from social media-active consumers exposed to video advertisements. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to test the relationship between these variables. The findings showed that video content is highly effective in attracting attention and maintaining consumer interest longer than text or static images. The video also allows for more complex and emotional messaging. Social media facilitates two-way interaction between brands and consumers, strengthening relationships and increasing customer loyalty. Integrating video content with social media platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok significantly increases engagement and conversion. Personalization of ads through artificial intelligence (AI) technology has also been shown to increase campaign relevance and effectiveness. This research contributes to the digital advertising literature by demonstrating the importance of integrating video and social media content and using AI technology for personalization. The findings offer practical guidance for advertisers to improve the effectiveness of their campaigns. However, this study has limitations in sample coverage and quantitative analysis focus. Future research should expand the sample and incorporate qualitative approaches to gain more comprehensive insights.

Emotion labelling strengthens readers’ emotional responses to online messages

ABSTRACT Emotionally overheated social media discussions cause many harms both to the individuals participating in the discussion and to the wider society. To support emotion regulation in social media discussions, the strategy of affect labelling is explored. Two experiments were run to study the effects of emotion labels presented with social media messages on participants’ emotional responses to the messages. Altogether 84 participants read emotional social media messages presented without and with emotion labels (Experiment 1, N = 39), and without labels and with emotion / control labels (Experiment 2, N = 45) and rated their subjective emotional valence. Results show that the ratings of valence were significantly higher for the positive messages presented with label than for the messages presented as such without emotion label or presented with a control label. In addition, the results of the second experiment show that the negative social media messages were experienced as more negative when the messages were presented with an emotion label than without emotion label or with control label. The results suggest that affect labelling of social media messages is an ineffective strategy to down-regulate emotions but could be used to support and strengthen positive emotions.

머신러닝 기반 색채적 특성 분석 및 감성 분류에 관한 연구

This study focuses on developing a methodology for classifying tourist destination images based on their color characteristics and emotional categories using machine learning algorithms. By analyzing user-generated content collected through digital media and smartphones, particularly tourist destination images from Instagram, the research examines how the initial impressions and imagery of tourist destinations impact tourists' emotions. Color and text data were analyzed using machine learning algorithms and the BERT language model to interpret the color characteristics and emotional messages conveyed by these images. The research demonstrates that analyzing and classifying the color characteristics and emotions of tourist destination images significantly influence tourists' choices and emotions. It shows that considering these two factors in an interconnected manner, rather than in isolation, enhances their utility. Specifically, color characteristics are crucial elements that can improve the attractiveness of tourist destination images. This study reveals that these images can significantly affect tourists' emotions and experiences, offering new insights and effective strategies for optimizing the tourism experience. Moreover, by systematically analyzing and utilizing the data, it is possible to provide customized suggestions that reflect the preferred images of tourist destinations and user tendencies. This research provides critical insights into image management and marketing strategies for tourist destinations, helping to attract tourists' interest and create positive tourism experiences. Ultimately, the study aims to deepen the understanding of the tourism industry through the color characteristics and emotional classification of tourist destination images, making significant contributions to the enhancement of image management and marketing strategies for tourist destinations.

Использование нейромаркетинговых исследований для оценки цифрового сервиса медицинских услуг

The development of innovative research methods expands the possibilities for studying various types of services, including digital ones. Assessment of the quality and level of development of digital services and their compliance with the expectations of patients in medicine is an important aspect for the image component of medical institutions. One of the tools for evaluating a digital service is neuromarketing. Purpose of the research is to identify the possibilities, prospects and ways of applying neuromarketing research to evaluate the digital service of medical institutions. The research is the analysis of theoretical sources of foreign and domestic authors. Cabinet and field studies were used. Desk studies were conducted in the form of analysis of secondary information sources, mainly on theoretical sources. Field studies were conducted in the form of an expert assessment. Comparative analysis has shown that neuromarketing research has a number of advantages compared to classical marketing methods, such as the ability to determine the indirect reaction of consumers and the emotional message when testing a digital service. Special attention is also paid to the potential of using neuromarketing research in the areas of digital medicine. At the same time, based on the analysis, it is determined which methods of neuromarketing research can be effectively used for each digital service and what results we can get. Within the framework of the study, the directions of evaluation of digital service by medical institutions using neuromarketing were identified, which will allow us to understand how to improve the platforms and what adjustments can be made. Based on the expert assessment on the possibilities of using neuromarketing research in the service sector, an IFAS analysis was conducted, which is a generalized analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of internal factors in the application of neuromarketing.

PLASTIC IN ARTISTIC FORMS: INTERPRETATION OF ARTWORKS RELATED TO PLASTIC CRISIS THROUGH STUDIO-BASED RESEARCH

Plastic is almost everywhere; in fact, it is hard to imagine life without plastic. However, although plastic is convenient to people, its difficulty in degrading as a petrochemical product, its production, consumption and random disposal has also put enormous strain on the environment in which humans live, resulting in a plastic crisis. This study analyses 20 artworks related to the plastic crisis and finds that most artistic production and focuses on marine plastic pollution. In particular, this study examines how artistic practice has brought attention to the plastic catastrophe and uses a studio method to highlight the plastic crisis in the mountains by using plastic bags as a material to demonstrate how widespread plastic pollution is. It presents the phenomenon of mountain plastic pollution and promotes a dialogue about mountain plastic waste pollution. Art can make the plastic crisis more visible and impart a more visceral, emotional message that encourages people to understand and reconsider it. Additionally, artistic practice helps people intuitively understand the plastic crisis and the viability of plastic as an artistic medium for expressing environmental concerns.

The impact of emotional vs rational message framing on social media users' detection and sharing of misinformation: an experimental study

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of message framing (emotional vs rational) on social media users' ability to accurately detect information and their intention to share messages about the COVID-19 vaccine.Design/methodology/approachUsing an experimental design approach, the authors recruited 600 adult participants via a crowdsourcing platform. Participants were randomly assigned to receive emotional or rational messages and their ability to accurately detect information and intention to share messages were assessed.FindingsThe results showed a significant multivariate effect of message framing on both the detection of accurate information and intention to share (p < 0.001). Participants who received emotional messages demonstrated better performance in the detection and sharing task than those who received rational messages. Gender and age also had significant main effects on the outcomes, with women performing better than men and younger participants performing better than older participants in detecting the accuracy of information. The interaction effects of the independent variables were not statistically significant (p = 0.098).Originality/valueThe findings highlight the importance of considering emotional factors in combating the spread of messages about the COVID-19 vaccine on social media. Practitioners responsible for social media content should strengthen the content review mechanism, with an emphasis on screening content with high emotional arousal.

Promoting HIV self-testing via emotional support messages among men who have sex with men in China

ObjectiveSince negative emotions were identified as barriers to HIV self-testing (HIVST), offering emotional support may promote this behavior. This study examined whether the socio-affective and reappraisal components of emotional support messages differ in affecting one’s attitude towards and intention to conduct HIVST via response efficacy and self-efficacy. MethodA between-subject online experiment was conducted with 309 Chinese men who have sex with men. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: no support, only reappraisal information, socio-affective and reappraisal information both provided. ResultsEmotional support only worked for those completing HIVST in recent three months. The reappraisal information enhanced their response efficacy and self-efficacy, but only self-efficacy was positively related to one’s attitude towards and intention to conduct HIVST. The message including socio-affective and reappraisal components directly improved their HIVST-related attitudes. ConclusionEmotional support presents an approach to promoting HIVST. The socio-affective and reappraisal information function differently on their response efficacy, self-efficacy, attitude, and intention. Practice implicationsThis study provides implications on how to design messages promoting HIVST for health campaigns and AI-based healthcare technologies. Reappraisal information should be offered to enhance one’s response efficacy and self-efficacy. Messages should address both socio-affective and reappraisal needs of individuals.

The effect of music to encourage responsible health-related behaviours among reluctant tourists: analysis of high – and low-context cultures

ABSTRACT The tourism sector is known to suffer significant volatility associated with safety issues. Among the factors that influence tourists’ decisions in this regard are health-related concerns about the destination country. However, when it comes to taking responsibility for their own health, there is a gap in the literature regarding effective communication strategies for motivating tourists who are reluctant to perform desirable health-related behaviours, such as getting vaccinated. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of music in communicating implicit messages about such responsible behaviours to reluctant tourists. To this end, two factors are experimentally manipulated: the type of communication stimulus (verbal/musical) and the cultural context of the tourist (high/low). The main findings are that: music exerts a greater effect on reluctant tourists than ‘average’ tourists; music is capable of conveying referential as well as emotional messages; and music’s effectiveness in this kind of communication is greater in high-context cultures.

Multimodality Analysis In The Movie "Turning Red" With A Semiotic Approach

Film is one of the media to communicate to the audience. The film "Turning Red" shows a picture of how parenting can affect the growth and development of children, this film also features elements of Chinese culture. The film "Turning Red" is interesting to study because it has moral values that can be a reflection for parents in educating children. Researchers want to see the relationship between signs and objects to explain the representation of Chinese culture and the influence of parenting on child development through gestures, expressions, and colors, on the characters Mei and Ming in the film "Turning Red". The qualitative research method to analyze multimodality in the film "Turning Red" with a semiotic approach is done by understanding the signs contained in various modes of expression such as visual, language, music, and sound. Multimodal analysis with this semiotic approach can involve understanding how color, music, and language are used to convey cultural and emotional messages in the film, and how all these elements interact to create a deep and meaningful audience experience.

Factors influencing green energy consumer behaviour in Australia

This research explores the factors influencing green energy consumer behaviour in Australia by examining Australian consumers' attitudes towards green energy from the Green Perceived Value (GPV) perspective, which integrates functional, emotional, conditional, and social dimensions. The data was collected through a survey of 380 participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk. This study employs factor analysis and structural equation modelling to report positive attitudes towards green energy. The positive perception is notably centred on its practical benefits, superior quality, and environmental advantages. These findings suggest that marketing strategies should highlight green energy's functional and environmental benefits to encourage consumer adoption. The study underscores the necessity of targeted educational campaigns aimed at younger demographics through digital media and the importance of emphasising green energy's economic and environmental benefits. Also, it recommends leveraging social and emotional value messaging and fostering community engagement to enhance the attractiveness of green energy solutions. Contributing to the discourse on green energy adoption in Australia, this research advocates for inclusive policies that ensure the accessibility and affordability of green energy for a diverse demographic spectrum. It calls for expanded research to further explore the GPV dimensions and include potential consumers in different cultural contexts. It offers a comprehensive framework to support strategies for increasing green energy adoption that are aligned with sustainability objectives.

Is Alexa Happy or Angry? Perceptions and Attributions of Emotional Displays of Smart Technologies in Residential Homes

Digital assistants such as Alexa can provide feedback to residents that affect energy consumption. One important characteristic of feedback refers to the emotionality of the provided feedback. Research on social cognition and attribution theory suggests that effects of emotional messages on behavior are contingent on the inferred cause of the emotion (e.g., why a message was said in a happy or neutral voice). As a prerequisite, to have the intended effects on energy saving behaviors, Alexa’s emotional messages have to trigger three basic social cognitions: (1) the emotional display has to be identified by residents; (2) residents have to correctly identify their behavior as a target of the emotional display; and (3) residents have to attribute the emotional display to that behavior. In two studies (N = 194 and N = 353), several conditions were identified that triggered these three basic social cognitions in a simulated environment.

The Role of Minority Political Groups in the Dissemination of Disinformation. The Case of Spain

ABSTRACT This study seeks to understand better the role played by minority political groups in Spain in promoting disinformation on Twitter. The study applies statistical analysis and topic modelling to posts (tweets and retweets) published in Spanish on Twitter (n = 20,481 tweets) and to content identified as disinformation (n = 2,730) by two independent fact-checking projects in Spain from August 2019 to March 2020. The data reveal that the political communication strategy focuses primarily on the confrontation between the majority of political groups at the national level and on legitimizing the political projects of these groups to their potential voters through specific issues. The data also reveal a co-occurrence between messages published by political actors and content identified as disinformation by fact-checkers, which depends on the tweets’ political profile, virality, and sentimental load. For this reason, the digital presence of these actors creates favourable conditions for the viral dissemination of disinformation, mainly when their content focuses on mobilizing potential voters through emotional messages. It could be helpful for fact-checkers to identify and understand the role of these actors in promoting this content.

Media-induced emotions and message sidedness in corporate crises

PurposeThis study examines the interplay between media-induced emotional crisis framing (anger vs sadness) and message sidedness of crisis response on publics’ attribution of crisis responsibility as well as subsequent company evaluation and supportive behavioral intention.Design/methodology/approachA 2 (emotion: anger vs sadness) x 2 (crisis response: one-sided vs two-sided) online experiment was conducted among 161 participants in the USA.FindingsResults showed that anger-inducing media framing of the crisis elicited higher levels of crisis responsibility attribution and more negative company evaluation, compared with sadness-inducing media framing. One-sided message response was more effective than two-sided message response in lowering attribution of crisis responsibility when sadness was induced, but no difference was found under the anger-induced condition. Attribution of crisis responsibility fully mediated the effects of emotional crisis framing on company evaluation and supportive behavioral intention toward the company.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to examine the interaction effect between emotional media framing and response message sidedness in an ambiguous crisis. Drawing on the interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks, this study integrates the situational crisis communication theory, appraisal-tendency framework and message sidedness in persuasion literature. As such, it contributes to theoretical development in crisis communication and offers communication managers guidance on how to effectively address emotionally framed crises.

Exploring the Impact of Safer Sports Betting Promotion on Social Media: An Experimental Study

The current study assessed the effectiveness of delivering safer gambling messaging to regular sport bettors on social media. It also assessed whether the content of the message impacted message effectiveness. A 3 × 2 mixed factorial design was employed, with 281 participants randomly assigned to follow one of three Twitter accounts. The accounts either sent out informational messages, self-appraisal messages or emotional self-efficacy messages. Participants reported betting behaviour from the two weeks prior to following the accounts, in addition to during the two-week intervention period, using information from their online gambling accounts. Participants reported readiness to change gambling behaviour pre and post the two-week intervention period. A significant main effect of intervention stage highlighted reductions in betting behaviour and increased readiness to change behaviour. However, there was no significant main effect of condition and no significant interaction between intervention stage and condition upon betting behaviour or readiness to change. The findings suggest receiving safer gambling messages on social media may lead to a reduction in betting behaviour. However, similar reductions in behaviour were observed in the experimental and control conditions. Further research is needed to clarify whether changes in behaviour observed in the current study would extend over a longer period of time.

Viewer Engagement in Response to Mixed and Uniform Emotional Content in Marketing Videos-An Electroencephalographic Study.

This study presents the results of an experiment designed to investigate whether marketing videos containing mixed emotional content can sustain consumers interest longer compared to videos conveying a consistent emotional message. During the experiment, thirteen participants, wearing EEG (electroencephalographic) caps, were exposed to eight marketing videos with diverse emotional tones. Participant engagement was measured with an engagement index, a metric derived from the power of brain activity recorded over the frontal and parietal cortex and computed within three distinct frequency bands: theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), and beta (13-30 Hz). The outcomes indicated a statistically significant influence of emotional content type (mixed vs. consistent) on the duration of user engagement. Videos containing a mixed emotional message were notably more effective in sustaining user engagement, whereas the engagement level for videos with a consistent emotional message declined over time. The principal inference drawn from the study is that advertising materials conveying a consistent emotional message should be notably briefer than those featuring a mixed emotional message to achieve an equivalent level of message effectiveness, measured through engagement duration.

Rethinking the elderly consumers’ motivational shifts: the roles of time perception and goal orientation

The market for elderly consumers is expanding fast as the elderly population is increasing rapidly. Subsequently, the understanding of how elderly consumers perceive and make judgments of new information is becoming important for both academia and practitioners. This research investigates how goal orientation moderates the effect of time perception on elderly consumers’ attitudes toward a new product. Two experimental studies show that elderly consumers with prevention goal orientation exhibit a higher brand attitude when they receive information through a rational (vs. emotional) message regardless of their time perception. However, those with promotion goal orientation and those whose goal orientation is not triggered show a higher attitude toward an emotional message when they have limited time perception but a reversed pattern when they have open-ended time perception. The level of concrete mindset is shown to be the underlying mechanism driving the effect. The findings of this research provide meaningful insights into how elderly consumers understand and evaluate new information and new products, which can be incorporated into strategic decisions.

Source credibility plays the central route: an elaboration likelihood model exploration in social media environment with demographic profile analysis

PurposeThis study aims at building a framework for the electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) response under the social media environment. The elaboration likelihood model was adopted to explain how message source credibility and message appeal jointly influence the eWOM response process, while source credibility provides a central route and message appeal plays a peripheral route for information processing.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a scenario design to test the decision behavior in the Facebook environment through message content manipulation. A convenience sampling method was adopted in this study. We collected 203 valid questionnaires and tested this research model with LISREL 8.8. This study used a two-stage structural equation modeling data analysis method with LISREL 8.8, by which the measurement model was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis for the reliability and validity of the research model, and the causal relationship among factors was assessed through exploratory factor analysis .FindingsThe results showed that 53% variance of eWOM responses could be explained by message source credibility and emotional message appeal from the elaboration likelihood model perspective. Message source credibility plays a central role in the social media environment. The model was further tested with a demographic profile analysis for both gender and age. It is found that a female user is influenced by both source credibility and emotional appeal, but a male user is only influenced by message source credibility. The mature age group is more responsive to eWOM messages.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample might not represent all social networking sites (SNS) users. The participants represent a small segment of the Facebook population around the globe. Secondly, this research design could be improved by using more recreational messages to test the effects of message appeal and message source credibility. Thirdly, the mobile phone is a type of physical product rather than an experiential product. Future studies could try to identify the same eWOM determinants with different SNS functions, for example, the inbox message function. Similarly, Facebook users are allowed to use both text and pictures to disseminate promotional messages.Practical implicationsThis study provides an insight for SNS administrators regarding the determinants of driving more customer responses toward a message. Message source credibility and message appeal are identified as the antecedents for eWOM responses in SNS. Companies could make use of this finding to improve their marketing communication strategy in SNS. The finding can inform administrators of the importance of focusing on both customers’ psychological state and message attributes during the dissemination of promotional messages to improve the efficiency of the promotional effort. Companies aimed at receiving different types of eWOM responses in SNS may need to consider other factors for creating their promotional messages.Originality/valuePrevious studies have mainly identified factors influencing eWOM responses from the people-centered variables such as personal traits and social relationships. This study proposes that the eWOM response is a dual information processing process that can be explained by the ELM. When a user processes information in SNS, he follows both the central route and the peripheral route (i.e. source credibility and message appeal) which can influence the eWOM response. It is the first time that the source credibility is investigated as the central route in ELM model.

A meta-analysis of the effect of chatbot anthropomorphism on the customer journey

PurposeChatbots are increasingly engaged in service marketing. Some academics and managers think using anthropomorphism chatbots will improve positive attitudes and behaviors in the customer journey, but at a high degree of anthropomorphism, consumers may experience negative emotions such as fear and disgust due to the feeling that the robots resemble humans too much, which is known as the uncanny valley effect. Therefore, the authors aim to explore whether chatbot anthropomorphism will promote or limit the development of the customer journey and explore the moderating factors and the antecedent factors affecting consumers' perceptions of chatbot anthropomorphism.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected 72,782 unique data points from 42 articles and 82 samples using a meta-analysis. Based on the stimuli-organism-response (SOR) model, the impact of anthropomorphic chatbots on the consumer journey was discussed.FindingsThe authors’ findings show that chatbot anthropomorphism positively impacts the customer journey but not their negative attitudes. Further moderator analysis reveals that the impact depends on service result, chatbot gender and sample source. The chatbot anthropomorphism is significantly influenced by social presence cues, emotional message cues and mixed cues.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the chatbot anthropomorphism literature and offers guidance for managers on whether and how to enhance chatbot anthropomorphism to facilitate the customer journey and improve service sustainability.