Emotional Intelligence Factors Research Articles

일개 종합병원 간호사의 감정노동과 감성지능이 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate how the emotional labor and emotional intelligence of nurses working at a general hospital affect their job stress, and how the integration factor of emotional labor and emotional intelligence affects their job stress. The subjects of research were the nurses working at general hospital in Seoul city from March 11-29, 2013. The collected data was analyzed after computerized statistical processing using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. It was found that the frequency of emotional expressions, one of emotional labor variables, significantly negatively influenced job stress(β=-.301, p<.01), and that the attention required for the norms of emotional expressions significantly positively affected job stress(β=.277, p<.01). Among emotional intelligence variables, understanding of self-emotion and control of emotion were found to significantly negatively affected job stress. Given the study result, in order to alleviate nurses’ job stress, it is necessary to have positive emotional expressions with patients, come up with a plan to show nurses’ emotions which they fail to express because of the norms of emotional expressions in hospital, and make their effort to improve understanding of their own emotions and the capability of controlling emotions.

Interrelationship between Personality Traits and Emotional Intelligence of Secondary Teachers in India

Emotional intelligence is an ability to control our emotions in abnormal situations. Now it is widely accepted that emotional intelligence also a key determent for success and also in development in personality. Personality is a sum total of emotions. By taking a sample of 200 secondary school teachers an attempt has made to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and different factors of personality of secondary school teachers. Results indicate that there is no significant difference between emotional intelligence of secondary school teachers in relation to gender and stream in which they are teaching. Further, a positive relationship found in the emotional intelligence and some of personality factors but many personality factors were negatively related to emotional intelligence of different groups of secondary school teachers but most type of relationship was not significant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v3i3.6145

Emotional Intelligence and Career Decision‐Making Self‐Efficacy: National and Gender Differences

This study examined the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) on career decision‐making self‐efficacy (CDMSE) in an East Asian context, as well as the moderating roles of gender and country. Data were collected from undergraduate students from China (N = 149) and South Korea (N = 218). The results showed that all 4 factors of EI were positively related to CDMSE. Moreover, while the effects of 3 EI factors on CDMSE were found to be greater among the Chinese students than the South Korean students, no gender differences were detected. By introducing cultural influences, the findings provide important implications for career counseling.

Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy

In the last few decades, researchers have reiterated the importance of emotional intelligence as an imperative predictor of success at the academic, interpersonal, professional, and organizational levels. The scrutiny of this relationship has also been extended to the outcomes in domains of counseling and psychotherapy. However, further research must be conducted to accumulate evidence for such a relationship and decipher the mechanisms underlying it. Like self-awareness, emotional intelligence of a counselor or a psychotherapist has been regarded as an important dimension for a successful counseling process. Numerous empirical studies conducted in the West have examined the role of emotional intelligence in predicting the outcomes of counseling and psychotherapy in different settings. It has been found, for example, that emotional intelligence factors successfully predict counseling self-efficacy of both counseling students and practicing counselors. The objective of the present paper is to provide a review of the theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, which have been carried out worldwide, outlaying the importance of emotional intelligence in the fields of counseling and psychotherapy. In addition, the need for carrying out such studies in the Indian context along with their implications has also been discussed.

The Effectiveness of an Emotional Intelligence Training Program and its Components on the Creativity and Academic Achievement of High School Students

Background: Creativity and academic progress are main issues of the educational system. Objectives: For improving student achievement and increasing creativity and innovation, various methods have been proposed. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 48 first year high school students. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After a description of the research objectives and obtaining participant consent, we used a researcher-generated questionnaire to collect data. Before any intervention we retrieved participants' grade point averages (GPA) from the first semester in order to verify academic progress of both groups. At baselines, both groups were assessed with an Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Bar-On) and Abebi’s creativity test. The experimental group received a three-month training program on emotional intelligence that was conducted in 10 sessions, for an average of 30 minutes per session. The control group did not receive any special training. At the end of the training program we administered the same questionnaires in both groups as a post-test. For data analysis, analysis of variance, correlation and regression analysis, and the t-test were used. Results: This method significantly increased students' academic progress and creativity. The emotional intelligence factor alone predicted 32% (R2 = 0.32) of variance related to creativity and 18% (R2 = 0.18) of variance related to students' educational progress. Conclusions: The results of this study can be used as a method for increasing and improving student achievement and increasing creativity in high school students. For improving student achievement and increasing creativity and innovation, various methods have been proposed.

Emotional intelligence is a second-stratum factor of intelligence: Evidence from hierarchical and bifactor models.

This article examines the status of emotional intelligence (EI) within the structure of human cognitive abilities. To evaluate whether EI is a 2nd-stratum factor of intelligence, data were fit to a series of structural models involving 3 indicators each for fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, quantitative reasoning, visual processing, and broad retrieval ability, as well as 2 indicators each for emotion perception, emotion understanding, and emotion management. Unidimensional, multidimensional, hierarchical, and bifactor solutions were estimated in a sample of 688 college and community college students. Results suggest adequate fit for 2 models: (a) an oblique 8-factor model (with 5 traditional cognitive ability factors and 3 EI factors) and (b) a hierarchical solution (with cognitive g at the highest level and EI representing a 2nd-stratum factor that loads onto g at λ = .80). The acceptable relative fit of the hierarchical model confirms the notion that EI is a group factor of cognitive ability, marking the expression of intelligence in the emotion domain. The discussion proposes a possible expansion of Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory to include EI as a 2nd-stratum factor of similar standing to factors such as fluid intelligence and visual processing.

The role of trait and ability emotional intelligence in bulimic symptoms

Bulimia is characterized by poor affect regulation, yet the role of emotional intelligence (EI) is little understood. This study examined associations between EI and bulimic symptoms using 235 women from community and student populations. They completed measures of trait and ability EI, and the Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale. Results showed that deficiencies in different aspects of trait EI and/or ability EI are a function of symptom type: binge eating, compensatory behaviours or weight and shape concerns. Consistent with affect regulation models, self-regulatory aspects of trait EI were related to two bulimic symptoms: binge eating and weight and shape concerns. Ability-based self-emotion management was not important, and explanatory power of lower-level EI facets (traits or abilities) was not superior to more broadly defined EI factors. Results support the conclusion that trait and ability EI may maintain subclinical levels of bulimic symptoms but have different paths.

A cross-cultural investigation of trait emotional intelligence in Hong Kong and the UK

Trait emotional intelligence (EI) has received considerable empirical attention over the last decade, especially in Western individualist societies. However, little is known about the construct in Eastern collectivist societies. The present study investigated cultural differences in trait EI between Hong Kong and the UK (n=474) using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Comparison of group factor structures revealed satisfactory congruence coefficients for the four trait EI factors of Well-being, Sociability, Emotionality, and Self-control. In addition, results showed pronounced cross-cultural variation in global trait EI scores, with British participants scoring consistently higher than their Chinese counterparts. Results from the Chinese sample also yielded support for the cultural accommodation effect, viz. that multilingual individuals respond in a manner that favours or conforms to the culture associated with the language of the questionnaire. Findings are discussed with reference to cross-cultural applications of trait EI theory.

Assessing Emotional Intelligence Factors and Commitment towards Organizational Change

Emotional intelligence becomes important competencies and ability needed by most of the employees to confront with the workplace environment. While there are changes in the workplace, most of the employees anxious to face with the changes. Change perceived as threatening for employee's emotions and reflects their commitment to change. Hence this paper formulates a framework of comprehensive model emotional intelligence to further understanding commitment to change in the workplace. In essence, this paper framework shows how the individual practicing emotional intelligence in gaining commitment to successful implementation of change. This framework addresses the consequences for the employees to give high commitment, and participation in successful implementation of changes. Finally, a discussion on the implications for future theory development is presented.

An Efficient Framework based on Emotional Intelligence to Improve Team Performance in Developing Countries

In Project management, team's motivation is one of the most important factors in the success of a project. Project Managersmanage the whole project by assuring that all the members are performing the duties they are assigned. Emotional Intelligence is the ability to identify the attitude of a team member towards a project. In developing countrieslack of emotional intelligence factors may cost people their jobs. In this paper conflict management, technical management, interest development and stress management problems are discussed with reference to developing countries and an efficient approach to resolve these issues is also proposed. Therefore project managers should raise their EI (emotional intelligence) and also help members to raise their EI. This paper explores the related work in EI, and then finds the useful Emotional Intelligence factors which are appropriate for the project manager. Then this paper also determinesa framework which is useful for project managers.

The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Altruism Among South Korean Central Government Officials

I examined the relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) with altruistic-distant behavior and altruistic-local behavior among public officials in the South Korean Central Government. Because South Korean public officials are accustomed to a strong bureaucratic system and value personal connections, I predicted that they would generate higher altruistic-local behavior than altruistic-distant behavior. Results showed that all EI factors were significantly and positively associated with altruistic-distant behavior, and altruistic-local behavior was associated with factors of awareness of others' emotions and management of one's own emotions. Individuals with high EI exhibited both altruistic-local behavior and altruistic-distant behavior in the workplace, regardless of their personal connections.

Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy Among Physical Education Teachers

Research has documented a positive association between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and well-being, performance and self-efficacy. The purpose of the current study was to examine potential associations between EI and self-efficacy among physical education teachers. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) and the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) were administered to a sample of 119 physical education teachers. The main results show a positive association between EI and self-efficacy, and more particularly that the sociability factor of EI predicted the TSES total score. Moreover, neither age nor teaching time experience was related to EI or self-efficacy scores. These results both confirm and extend previous findings on the association between EI and self-efficacy. Suggestions are provided for specific EI training for physical education teachers.

Integrated Approach to Workplace Diversity through Human Resource Management

Today’s organisations are facing challenges of equity control, market size, and workplace diversity despite increase in profitability due to globalisation and technological advancements. This called for efficient utilization of human resource management (HRM) as its focus is on people management with the strategic proactive approach to workplace diversity. The paper calls for improve role of HRM and organisational management in creating conducive work environment, accurate and expansion of selection criteria for workplace diversity that include stable attributes such as emotional intelligence and dispositional factors such as task and people oriented and being culturally flexible. It conclude by advocating for HRM integrative approach to diversity as it synthesizes the literature and proposes key areas needed to management diversity.

What emotional intelligence traits make citizens really active? An empirical study

The trait emotional intelligence and its relation to civil organizational membership, labor market status, gender and age was studied in 725 inhabitants of a Hungarian historic town as part of a tourism destination project with the support of the local government. The research also explored the reasons why people chose to settle in this town.Regarding the research method a firmly reliable and internationally used TEIQue (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire) was applied. The results showed that locals have average global emotional intelligence level with high well-being (including optimism, happiness and self-esteem facets) and emotionality (including relationship, empathy, emotion expression and emotion perception facets). Citizens who were active members of a local community (e.g. museum-, sport-, environment protection club or association) gained higher global emotional intelligence averages compared to those who were not members. Those locals who had an active working status and were members of any local community have the highest emotional intelligence averages globally and also on factor levels (well-being, emotionality, sociability and self-control). There was a difference in gender: although men’s and women’s global emotional intelligence levels were similar, women’s average scores were higher in well-being and emotionality while men’s in sociability and self-control. They also differed in the reasons given to choose Veszprém as a hometown. While men rather settled down for work and family reasons, women’s decisions were influenced by falling love with the town and surroundings and the school years they spent locally.The correlation analyses confirmed the relation between emotional intelligence and civil membership and also a strong relationship was found between emotional intelligence and education. Self-control, sociability, self-motivation and adaptability were identified as items related to active civil membership. Significant correlation was found between civil membership and emotional intelligence among the 26–35 and 51–64 age groups. Unexpectedly with women no relationship was found between emotional intelligence and civil membership while among men emotionality and well-being showed correlation with membership. Education relations by gender indicated that women’s level of education correlates with all emotional intelligence factors except self-control whereas men’s level of education showed relationships with sociability and self-control.

An empirical study on the nexus between the emotional intelligence of top managers and their assessment of intellectual capital

This study considers intellectual capital based on the assumption that this capital, which possesses social aspects, is related to the emotional capacities (i.e., emotional intelligence) of an organization’s members. A literature review indicates that this relationship has been previously noted and studied, and researchers agree that the emotional intelligence of the members of an organization affects the organization’s intellectual capital. Based on this analysis, this relationship is examined in the Turkish business context. Data are collected from top managers, who can affect the intellectual capital oftheir businesses and who, as human beings, are emotional. Thus, in this study, the emotional intelligence of top managers and their opinions regarding the intellectual capital of their businesses are considered to be related, with interesting results. When all of the factors of emotional intelligence that are likely to affect opinions regarding intellectual capital are examined using a multivariate model, the effect of emotional intelligence is revealed. Primarily, three factors of the emotional intelligence—empathy and communication skill, self-awareness and sociability—affect the participants’ opinions regarding the intellectual capital of their businesses. Univariate models are used to evaluate the effect of each emotional intelligence factor on the participants’ opinions regarding the intellectual capitalof their businesses. Empathy and communication skills affect opinions about the quality of human capital. Self-awareness affects opinions about the organizational commitment of workers. Sociability can affect opinions about information technology and information sharing. In summary, emotional intelligence affects opinions about human capital quality, information technology and information sharing.

Measuring Cultural Intelligence in the Turkish Context

The present article reports the results of two studies designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the cultural intelligence (CI) scale in the Turkish context. The proposed four‐factor (cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral) structure of CI was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The results supported the discriminant validity of the four‐factor model of the CI scale in relation to the Big Five personality factors and the emotional intelligence factors. Furthermore, CI explained additional variance in intercultural task performance over and above that explained by demographic characteristics and emotional intelligence. With regard to internal consistency and test–retest reliability, the CI scale showed acceptable results and was in concordance with the prior studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Turkish version of CI scale is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to measure individual's intercultural capabilities.

Technology Initiatives Derailed in U.S Early Education Schools: Should Leadership Redesign the Organizational Blueprint?

AbstractWhere and when innovation occurs in the United States (U.S.) early education schools depends greatly on the congruency of long-standing workplace norms, access to resources, and the actual oversight of school leadership. Norms include many factors not the least of which is a work groups’ desire to improve. Resource access is controlled in large part by the government, both local and national. And finally, oversight of work methods and organizational communications is difficult for early education school leadership due to the high educator turnover rate, educator qualifications and traits, such as the emotional-intelligence of the work group, and the low rate of pay for the industry. Although government initiatives and individual school initiatives alike frequently focus on ‘quality service’, the workforce is simultaneously challenged with emotional intelligence factors. Leadership education of school leaders must collaborate a wide set of divergent perceptions of what constitutes quality service and which organizational communication will be enhanced by technology. The examination of data in a November 2012 survey focuses on what the educators perceive, what technology educators have access to, how educators are using technologies they have access to, and what educators view as connected among technologies and school quality.

A Collegial Approach In Understanding Leadership As A Social Skill

Current research indicates that the complexities of organisations require a new focus on collegial leadership and the creation of a sense of community in which leadership is shared. Collegiality forms the backbone of shared leadership. Leadership, as a social skill, makes people respect and follow others and is identified by emotional intelligence (EI) factors such as attitude, confidence, respect for others, and trustworthiness. EI is not a replacement for on the job skills and intelligent task-related logical thinking, but it adds to the variety of skills that enable and empower leaders to develop their employees through the enhancement of their social skills. A survey was conducted among 474 employees with the purpose of the exploratory study being to determine employees perceptions of their leaders social skills. Six social skills formed the basis of this investigation; namely, leadership characteristics, communication, conflict management, relationships, empathy, and trust. Both Pearson r and Spearman ? indicate that the two variables; namely, the job satisfaction of workers and the social skills of leaders rated by the respondents, are significant and therefore directly related. The findings of this exploratory study confirm that the more satisfied a worker is, the higher a leaders social skills are likely to be. Conversely, the more dissatisfied an employee is, the lower a leaders social skills are likely to be. However, this data must be interpreted in terms of the social skills of leaders as being one of the major factors affecting the job satisfaction of workers.

Improving performance of construction projects

PurposeAs a crucial soft skill, emotional intelligence (EI) is reported to have many benefits, yet it remains largely unexplored in construction project management. The purpose of this paper is to explore further application of project manager's EI to improve project performance.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire‐based survey covering 112 project managers in construction is used to determine project managers’ EI, and relate that to the performance of their most recent projects, as well as examine the moderating effects of international involvement and contract type.FindingsResults indicate high expressions of six EI factors in project performance of large and complex scale; whereas the effects of self‐confidence and teamwork have not been confirmed. Additionally, international involvement and contract type are found to moderate the relationships between certain EI factors and project performance.Practical implicationsThe paper makes recommendations on selection and appointment of project managers to construction organizations; meanwhile it assists project managers in recognizing the significant competencies that cater for large and complex construction projects.Originality/valueIn this paper, the EI model is modified especially for project managers, to make up for the deficiency of project managers’ EI framework, as well as the project performance criteria for construction projects. Then an analysis takes place of the key EI dimensions or competencies on project performance, which contributes to the body of project managers’ EI.

Impacts of personality, emotional intelligence and adaptiveness on service performance of casino hosts: A hierarchical approach

The premium player segment is a major source of revenues and profit for the casino sector. In their roles as providers of personalised services casino hosts are an important determinant in attracting and retaining this market segment. The service performance of such hosts impacts on both player retention and casino profitability. In seeking to explain these relationships, the present study identifies the antecedents of host service performance by using the five factor model of personality (FFM) and the concepts of emotional intelligence and adaptiveness. The researchers test the proposed relationships by adopting a hierarchical approach to FFM and emotional intelligence as basic personality traits or independent variables, adaptiveness as a surface trait or mediator, and host performance as the dependent variable. A sample of casino hosts at a large Australasia-based casino responded to a questionnaire-based survey which considered the five factors of personality, emotional intelligence, adaptiveness and service performance ratings. The results indicate that the FFM, emotional intelligence and adaptiveness have a significant influence on host performance. Structural equation modelling confirmed the existence of a hierarchical relationship between the basic personality traits, adaptiveness and performance outcomes and demonstrates that the inclusion of a mediator contributes to an enhanced evaluation of service performance. These findings enrich the literature by identifying new traits and provide insights that will support practitioners with their selection and training-related activities.