Emotional Feelings Research Articles

The effects of refugees’ emotional tears on felt emotions and helping behaviors

Tearful faces are frequent in mass media portraits of refugees, but the consequences of such depictions for different kinds of intergroup helping remain poorly understood. While existing research suggests that individuals tend to be more willing to support those who display tears, the impact of emotional tears on tangible helping behavior, such as monetary donations, has not been examined. Understanding these dynamics could have significant implications for fundraising strategies employed by civil society organizations. Across three experiments relying on nation-wide panel data (N = 2647) and a quasi-experimental citizen science study (N = 191) conducted in the Netherlands, we tested the effects of refugees’ tearful (vs. non-tearful) expressions on people’s emotional reactions, intentions to offer refugees both dependency- and autonomy-oriented help, as well as actual helping behavior (i.e., money donated to an organization supporting refugees). Data from three online experiments unveiled a positive relationship between exposure to emotional tears and both dependency- and autonomy-oriented intentions to help, as well as donation behavior (in Study 4, two initiatives encompassing both dependency- and autonomy-oriented help), via felt compassion. Across all studies, the visual representations of refugees with tears consistently resulted in more helping intentions and donations indirectly via the perceived sadness of the refugee(s) and the subsequent felt compassion. Our findings illuminate critical questions regarding visual representations of refugees that might motivate solidarity. They also encourage future collaborative research at the convergence of art, social and emotion science, and activism. Our research also provides a platform for initiating fundraising campaigns aimed at generating resources to support initiatives focused on sharing the narratives of displaced individuals and empowering the refugee community.

Analisis Dampak Fatherless Terhadap Etika Remaja Awal di Kecamatan Medang Deras

The purpose of this study is to analyze the negative and positive impact of fatherlessness on the ethics of early adolescents in MedangDeras District. The method used in this study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The selected data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of 4 teenagers. Qualitative data analysis The validity of the data is achieved through the application of the source triangulation method. The data analysis used is an interactive analysis model that includes collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the impact of fatherlessness on early adolescent ethics is negative and positive. The negative impact is feeling difficult, lack of emotional control, behavioral deviations, economic problems and feelings of fear. Positive impacts include independent learning, closeness to mothers, increased environmental fit, and responsibility. As a result of fatherlessness, adolescent ethics are declining, making adolescents experience difficulties in socializing, withdrawing, causing aggressive behavior, deviations in dress, and ethical violations in communication.

Teachers’ Emotional Labor: A Systematic Review

Emotional labor refers to the process by which employees are required to regulate their emotions in accordance with professionally specified requirements, rules, and guidelines. In the context of teaching, a significant portion of work is dedicated to the emotional labor of the teachers. Teaching, as a multifaceted profession, encompasses cognitive as well as emotional dimensions. Teachers consistently engage in emotional labor as an essential component of achieving pedagogical objectives and fostering positive learning outcomes. This review aimed to examine the emotional labor of elementary and high school teachers. The study was guided by four key questions: (1) What are the emotional labor levels of the teachers? (2) How do teachers engage in emotional labor in terms of surface acting and deep acting? (3) What is the relationship between naturally felt emotions and surface acting and deep acting? (4) What are the remaining gaps in the literature regarding the study of emotional labor, surface acting, and deep acting among teachers in elementary and high schools? We systematically selected ten articles relevant to our objective to confirm the components related to teachers’ emotional labor, with a specific focus on surface acting, deep acting, and naturally felt emotions in elementary and high school teachers. A comprehensive database search was conducted, in adherence to the PRISMA statement, to locate relevant studies investigating “teachers’ emotional labor” and synthesizing surface acting and deep acting. The PICOS approach was used to refine research inquiries and formulate search terms. Overall, the literature review highlights notable associations between surface acting and deep acting. However, there is no conclusive evidence that shows the correlation between deep acting and naturally felt emotions. There is considerable room for improving our understanding of emotional labor, including study methodologies, explored variables, and the recognition of historical and cultural influences that moderate and mediate the dynamics of emotional labor. This systematic review sought to delineate and consolidate existing research insights on teachers’ emotional labor.

Understanding tourists’ ambassador role of their origin places from perspective of residents’ attitudes towards tourists

Recognizing the pivotal role of tourists as ambassadors for their hometown is imperative, as it relates to the dynamic host-guest relationship, thereby significantly influencing the sustainable tourism progress in both their originating locations and the visited destinations. To delve deeper into this ambassadorial role, this study employed the tripartite model of resident attitude, which bridges the intricate interplay between residents’ cognitive, affective, and conative attitudes towards tourists. 204 U.S. people have been enrolled through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to finish semi-structured questionnaire about their attitudes towards Chinese outbound tourists. Leximancer, a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis approach was applied. Results demonstrated that neutral or positive cognitive-attitudes U.S. residents held towards Chinese tourists exceeded negative cognitive attitudes. Further analysis inferred that it was the interpretation or attribution of cognitive attitudes that would induce residents’ different emotional feelings and behavioral intention. Positive interpretation would lead to positive feeling (i.e., admiration) and positive intention to visit China. Negative interpretation would lead to negative feeling (i.e., contempt) and negative intention to visit China. This research provided implications for destination management organization of tourists’ origin place to incorporate outbound tourists as their place ambassadors.

Prevalence and correlates of emotion dysregulation among children and adolescents in Lebanon: results from a National Survey

BackgroundData on Emotion Dysregulation among youth in Lebanon is scarce. Given that Emotion Dysregulation is associated with psychopathology and has a negative impact on youth outcomes, there is a need to better understand the prevalence, clinical and demographic correlates of Emotion Dysregulation.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of the Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents in Lebanon Study which recruited 1517 youth and one parent from a nationally representative sample. Participants completed The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Peer Relations Questionnaire, Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ).Parents completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Dysregulation Profile was used to measure Emotion Dysregulation.ResultsThe prevalence of Emotion Dysregulation was 11.26% among children aged 5 to < 8 years, 9.40% among children aged 8 to < 12 years and 6.60% among those older than 12 years. Emotion Dysregulation was associated with psychopathology across age groups and a number of correlates were identified. In the final regression models, among children aged 5 to < 8 years; Emotion Dysregulation was associated with lower odds of father employment (OR = 0.235;CI[0.078,0.704]). For those aged 8 to < 12 years old, Emotion Dysregulation was associated with acceptable school performance (OR = 2.246,CI[1.209,4.173]) as opposed to a good school performance, having a chronic physical illness (OR = 2.962; CI [1.495,5.867)], and higher parental GHQ scores (OR = 1.034;CI [1.010,10.58)] indicating worse parental mental health. Adolescents aged 12 years and older who screened positive for Emotion Dysregulation were more likely to be younger (OR = 0.688, CI[0.527,0.899]), be a bully (OR = 2.467;CI[1.036,5.875] and to have higher parental CBQ scores (OR = 1.092;CI [1.011,1.180]), indicating worse parent-child conflict. Youth who screened positive for emotion dysregulation were more likely to seek psychiatric care than their counterparts who screen negative for emotion dysregulation.ConclusionAge, school performance, parental mental health, parental conflict, chronic physical illness and bullying emerge as important correlates of Emotion Dysregulation. Findings add to the limited data on Emotion Dysregulation in Lebanon and the region and are a first step towards developing intervention and prevention strategies.

Proximity Within Adolescent Peer Networks Predicts Neural Similarity During Affective Experience.

Individuals befriend others who are similar to them. One important source of similarity in relationships is similarity in felt emotion. In the present study, we used novel methods to assess whether greater similarity in the multivoxel brain representation of affective stimuli was associated with adolescents' proximity within real-world school-based social networks. We examined dyad-level neural similarity within a set of brain regions associated with the representation of affect including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), amygdala, insula, and temporal pole. Greater proximity was associated with greater vmPFC neural similarity during pleasant and neutral experiences. Moreover, we used unsupervised clustering on social networks to identify groups of friends and observed that individuals from the same (verses different) friend groups were more likely to have greater vmPFC neural similarity during pleasant and negative experiences. These findings suggest that similarity in the multivoxel brain representation of affect may play an important role in adolescent friendships.

Establishing consensus on biopsychosocial factors associated with pediatric chronic pain: A modified Delphi study

A variety of factors are associated with the development and maintenance of chronic pain in children. Identifying modifiable factors associated with pediatric chronic pain is important to use them as target outcomes in the development and evaluation of interventions for the prevention and management of chronic pain. This study aimed to reach expert consensus on factors associated with pediatric chronic pain and their modifiability and population-level effect. Pediatric pain experts were questioned using a web-based two-round modified Delphi method. Two rounds of questions with Likert scaling were used to identify influencing factors (Round 1) and to reach consensus on each factor (Round 2) in terms of: 1) strength of association with chronic pain in children; 2) modifiability; and 3) population-level effect. An inductive approach was used to derive categories (ranging from ‘very low’ to ‘very high’) and subcategories (ranging from ‘low’ to ‘high’). In total, 48 experts from 14 different countries completed Round 1, and 31 completed Round 2. A list of 47 factors was considered to be associated with pediatric chronic pain. Four factors (physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), pain-related school absence, and pain concept/knowledge of the child) were considered highly modifiable and three factors having a high population-level effect (PA, SB, and the child’s depressive or negative emotional feelings). Expert consensus was established about modifiable and population-level factors associated with pediatric chronic pain through this web-based modified Delphi study, guiding target outcomes for its prevention and management. PerspectiveThis article presents the results of a modified Delphi study with pediatric pain experts to gain consensus on factors associated with pediatric chronic pain. Relationship strength, modifiability, and population-level effect of associated factors were rated to identify areas of research priority and interventions aiming to reduce the development and maintenance of chronic pain in children.

The Level of Perceived Stress and Affecting Factors due to Current Economic Crisis Among Undergraduates in Faculty of Health-Care Sciences, Eastern University Sri Lanka

Abstract In 2021, the Sri Lankan government officially declared the worst economic crisis in the country. The ongoing economic crisis in Sri Lanka has been affecting the whole sector of the country. The undergraduate students who stayed in hostels had to suffer a lot due to restrictions of family income. The parents face difficulties in affording all expenses required by their children as university students. As a result, students had to cut down their daily expenditures. Due to this crisis, the students had to be affected by various levels of stress leading to disruptions in both physical and mental health. It also caused poor academic performance. Some students had to quit their studies. Stress is an emotional feeling affecting all ages and it appears at any time of the life cycle. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of perceived stress and affecting factors due to the current economic crisis among undergraduates in the Faculty of Health-Care Sciences (FHCS), Eastern University Sri Lanka (EUSL). A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire to gather information and a complete enumeration was done. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) instrument was used to assess the severity of the undergraduate perceived level of stress-related current economic crisis. Demographic variables and affecting factors due to the current economic crisis were considered. The overall mean stress score in the study population was 22.91(SD=5.386). The majority of undergraduates reported moderate stress 70.8% (N=240). A multiple linear regression analysis was applied, Pearson correlation was used, and all necessary tests were performed. There was a statistically significant, positive correlation between the level of perceived stress and their family income per month (p=0.000). The contributing factors correlated with perceived stress were unable to enjoy meeting people, unable to frequently visit home, unable to take meals from outside and instead of cooking, trying to save extra expenditure money, unable to frequent shopping for dresses, cosmetics, jewelry. The level of perceived stress reported by the majority of the students was moderate. Mainly their family income per month contributed to stress among them. Policymakers and the university administration have to consider more about the stress levels of the students and plan suitable programs like scholarships to manage stress.

Profiles of teachers' emotional labour during COVID-19 and the consequences on mental health: A comparison between online and offline teaching.

Despite increasing attention on emotional labor in teacher well-being research, person-centered studies are relatively scarce, particularly concerning the emotional labor of online teaching during COVID-19 and its effects on teachers' non-work-related mental health. This study aims to address these gaps by examining emotional labor profiles and their consequences on job satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among Chinese teachers involved in either online or offline teaching during October-December 2022. Two samples of teachers were analyzed altogether: one engaged in online teaching (N=605) and the other in offline teaching (N=394). Latent profile analysis was used to identify emotional labor profiles based on three strategies: surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions. A total of four subgroups of emotional workers were identified: natural expressors, actors, flexible regulators, and authentic regulators. Significant differences were found between online and offline teaching, with a higher proportion of actors and fewer flexible regulators in the online condition, suggesting that the screen acts as a barrier to authentic emotional display. Among the four classes, actors scored lowest on job satisfaction and highest on depression and anxiety, whereas authentic regulators were the most adaptive, especially in online settings. The findings highlight the impact of online teaching on teachers' emotional labor profiles and mental health, with practical implications for optimizing online teaching environments and supporting teacher well-being.

Civic reasoning depends on transcendent thinking: Implications of adolescent brain development for SEL

Accumulating evidence from developmental social-affective neuroscience and educational research reveals striking affordances for adolescents’ academic, psychosocial and neural development of transcendent thinking—the disposition to integrate concrete, context-specific thinking and emotions into deliberations on the abstract, systems-level, ethical and personal implications of information, ideas, and skills. Here, we highlight the coordinated psychological and neural processes by which adolescents leverage transcendent thinking for civic reasoning. From qualitative field data, we argue that civic reasoning in the context of academic learning supports the coordination of conceptual understanding with intellectual agency, identity and communal orientation, leading youth toward process-oriented, rather than outcome-oriented, approaches to learning. From longitudinal interview and neuroimaging data, we argue that civic reasoning drives developmental coordination among brain networks involved in agency, self-awareness, and consciousness; internal reflection, abstraction and narrative; emotional feelings; memory; executive functioning and attention. These brain changes longitudinally predict resilience, identity development, and wellbeing (Gotlieb et al., 2024b). This transdisciplinary research underscores the power of civic reasoning for adolescents’ healthy development into young adulthood, and the benefits of schooling designed to center civic reasoning and personal reflection. In today’s globalized society, civic reasoning may be among the most important core social-emotional dispositions for youth and community thriving. Impact statementCivic reasoning is among the most important capacities youth must develop to sustain a functioning and equitable democratic society, and hence should be among the central aims of education. New research is demonstrating that adolescents’ dispositions toward civic reasoning, and the emotionally motivated transcendent thinking that undergirds it, are associated with a cascade of beneficial brain and psychosocial developmental effects that extend into young adulthood. Organizing adolescent education around civic reasoning and reflection could provide a powerful opportunity to support youths’ deep scholarly learning and psychosocial development in a coordinated way.

Problems Encountered in the Counseling Process in the Context of Cultural Sensitivity and Coping Methods: Opinions of School Counselors

This study, it is aimed to examine the problems that arise in the context of cultural sensitivity in the counseling process and the methods of coping with these problems based on the views of school counselors. For the data obtained using the interview technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The study included a total of 35 participants, with 25 women and 10 men, who had a minimum of three years of professional experience in private and public schools during the 2021-2022 academic year. Interviews were conducted digitally on the Zoom platform using a semi-structured form developed by the researcher. All interviews were subjected to content analysis. According to the results of the data analysis conducted with the Maxqda 2020 program, the participant's perspective on the concept of cultural sensitivity consists of self-awareness, respect, and acceptance of different cultures. The most important cultural challenges reported by the participants were gender and sex, different value judgments, socioeconomic status, and language. Feelings of inadequacy and desperation were reported as the most intensely felt emotions in the face of these challenges. Participants reported using various methods to overcome cultural challenges, such as consulting colleagues gaining knowledge, and making various suggestions to overcome cultural inadequacies. It is thought that the findings obtained in this study will create an important awareness as it is a first in the literature, and it is hoped that it will contribute to policymakers, counselor educators, counselor candidates, and all counseling professionals in this field.

The Violent ‘Trojan Horse’: a Comparative, Transnational Reading of Two Paralysis Narratives

This article proposes a comparative analysis of two ALS narratives: one written in 2017 by the Spanish businessman and author Francisco Luzón, El Viaje es la recompensa (The Trip is the Reward) and the other published in 1999 by American sociologist Albert B. Robillard, Meaning of a Disability: The Lived Experience of Paralysis. Both ‘autopathographies’ present detailed testimonies of the increasing emotional crisis, stigmatization, and feeling of helplessness of two powerful and eminent men left paralyzed in mid-life by a cruel illness. The European and the American outlook on this perverse malady, as experienced on two different continents, will enable us to explore issues related to wasted bodies, the daily struggle against a body and a mind bent on destroying themselves, the battle against fear and anger, the memories of an intense life and of a life journey worth travelling, even when narrated from ‘the kingdom of the ill.’

Teachers' emotional intelligence and job satisfaction: The mediating roles of expression of naturally felt emotion and perceived teacher‐student closeness

AbstractGlobal concerns about low levels of teacher job satisfaction (JS) have brought the significance of understanding factors and mechanisms that contribute to this issue. In educational research, the role of emotional intelligence (EI), a critical personal resource, in relation to teachers' JS has emerged as an important topic. Utilizing the Job Demands‐Resources model, the present study proposed a chain mediation model to explore the relationship between teachers' EI and their JS. It specifically examined the roles of expression of naturally felt emotion (ENFE) and perceived teacher‐student closeness as mediators. Data from 503 Chinese primary and secondary school teachers revealed significant correlations among teachers' EI, ENFE, perceived teacher‐student closeness, and JS. Structural equation modeling indicated that EI can significantly predict JS through a sequential mediating effect involving ENFE and perceived teacher‐student closeness. The findings provide insight into the underlying mechanism between teachers' EI and JS. Implications for teacher education practices and directions for future research are discussed.

Smiling and frowning induced by facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) modulate felt emotion and physiology.

Smiling and frowning induced by facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) modulate felt emotion and physiology.

The role of the somatosensory system in the feeling of emotions: a neurostimulation study.

Emotional experiences deeply impact our bodily states, such as when we feel 'anger', our fists close and our face burns. Recent studies have shown that emotions can be mapped onto specific body areas, suggesting a possible role of the primary somatosensory system (S1) in emotion processing. To date, however, the causal role of S1 in emotion generation remains unclear. To address this question, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the S1 at different frequencies (beta, theta, and sham) while participants saw emotional stimuli with different degrees of pleasantness and levels of arousal. Results showed that modulation of S1 influenced subjective emotional ratings as a function of the frequency applied. While theta and beta-tACS made participants rate the emotional images as more pleasant (higher valence), only theta-tACS lowered the subjective arousal ratings (more calming). Skin conductance responses recorded throughout the experiment confirmed a different arousal for pleasant versus unpleasant stimuli. Our study revealed that S1 has a causal role in the feeling of emotions, adding new insight into the embodied nature of emotions. Importantly, we provided causal evidence that beta and theta frequencies contribute differently to the modulation of two dimensions of emotions-arousal and valence-corroborating the view of a dissociation between these two dimensions of emotions.

Emotional geographies of roadkill: Stained experiences of tourism in Tasmania

AbstractGlobally, road fatalities affect wildlife populations and ecosystems, leading to ecological imbalances, economic losses, and safety hazards for both animals and humans. However, the emotional toll on humans is less well understood. This research explores tourists’ responses to roadkill, using emotional geography as the overarching framework, and focusing on the island state of Tasmania in Australia. Tasmania is known for its diverse and abundant native wildlife, as well as the unfortunate distinction of having Australia’s highest rate of wildlife fatalities caused by vehicle collisions, commonly referred to as roadkill. A mixed‐method questionnaire asked respondents to share emotions, and we then considered their relationships to socio‐demographic attributes. Around 97% of respondents encountered roadkill during their stays, and 63% encountered live animals on or near the road. Tourists identified sadness as the most felt emotion when confronted with the consequences of wildlife–vehicle collisions. Anger and disgust were also experienced, primarily because of the unpleasant sight of roadkill and the realisation that animals suffered. Women reported being more negatively affected than men. Tourists who had visited to see wildlife were more affected than those who had not. Analysis leads to the conclusion that unplanned, sporadic, unexpected, and confronting encounters with dead animals detract from the tourism experience for most, especially encounters with wildlife was anticipated as a positive experience on tour. Such findings have wider implications for those working in the tourism industry in mainland Australia, Canada, and South Africa, where roadkill is also problematic.

How individuals cope with anger- and sadness-induced narrative misinformation on social media: roles of transportation and correction

Abstract Purpose The spread of health conspiracies and misinformation online threatens public health as most Americans choose to acquire health information online. This study examines how discrete emotions like anger and sadness influence individuals’ responses to narrative-based health misinformation, proposing a theoretical model of narrative misinformation coping and exploring the mechanisms through which these emotions affect risk perception and misinformation coping. Design/methodology/approach Through a 2 (Misinformation type: narrative vs. non-narrative) × 2 (Issue: climate change vs. fentanyl overdose) × 2 (Correction: present vs. absent) online experiment (N = 401), our results underscore the importance of both risk coping and misinformation coping in individuals’ responses to emotional narrative misinformation, along with the role of narrative transportation in intensifying felt emotions and facilitating both types of coping. Findings Our results elucidate how individuals cope with anger- and sadness-induced narrative misinformation. Specifically, sadness decreases susceptibility to narrative misinformation’s negative effects, and anger prompts intuitive actions. Narrative transportation deepened felt emotions and both coping processes, and corrections reduced the perceived truthfulness of misinformation. Practical implications Our findings offer practical strategies for mitigating misinformation by disrupting narrative transportation, particularly for anger-induced stories. Social implications Our findings can contribute to the development of targeted policies aimed at mitigating online misinformation dissemination and provide a roadmap to executing effective correction measures. Originality/value This study proposes and tests a theoretical model of people’s responses to narrative misinformation addressing both misinformation coping and risk coping through cognitive and behavioral routes. The model also explains how transportation, along with different appraisal tendencies, can intensify both coping processes.

Navigating positive and negative emotional feelings as working mothers: A qualitative study

Purpose: This study explores the complex emotional experiences of working mothers as they strive to balance their professional and family commitments. It aims to deeply understand both the positive and negative emotional experiences that characterize the life of a working mother. Method: Utilizing a qualitative approach, this research conducted semi-structured interviews with six working mothers. This method was chosen to capture a comprehensive range of emotional experiences stemming from their dual roles. Result: Findings from the interviews revealed three main themes: (1) identity and role as a working mother, namely the mother's perception and integration of professional and parental roles; (2) their emotional feelings as working mothers, findings detailing the spectrum of emotions they encountered; and (3) strategies for balancing emotional states, exploring methods used to manage and reduce emotional fluctuations and maintain balance. Conclusion: The findings underscore the necessity for enhanced support systems that can better assist working mothers in managing the multifaceted challenges of their dual roles. In the absence of adequate support, these challenges can lead to significant stress and a reduction in overall life satisfaction

«КЕП МАДАНИЯТЫ», «ОКУУЧУЛАРДЫН КЕП МАДАНИЯТЫ» ТҮШҮНҮКТӨРҮНҮН НЕГИЗГИ ПАРАДИГМАЛАРЫ

The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of teaching Kyrgyz language and Kyrgyz literature - the problem of speech culture. At present the oral and written speech skills of schoolchildren do not meet the requirements, the main reasons for this are related to the fact that teachers do not know the concepts of "Speech Culture" and "Speech Culture of Students". In the article the given concepts and terms are analyzed from philosophical, psychological and pedagogical aspects and the essence of the problem is revealed on the basis of the works of linguists such as Akishina А. A, Golovin B.N., Goldin V.E., Ladyzhenskaya T.A, Davletov S., Musaev S.J.and so on. Speech culture is the construction of oral and written speech using linguistic means, the creation of text, it is through this speech that people communicate with other people, and later with society as a whole. To do this, in a modern school, one of the main requirements is to increase the linguistic and communicative competence of students. Speech culture is a phenomenon related to the age characteristics of the speaker or writer, psychology, the situation at the moment, the perception and understanding of the topic by students, the vocabulary they can use, themselves and the style of the text. The student's speech culture will directly depend on his perception of the world, his emotional feelings, his aesthetic tastes, and this is exactly what happens at the stage of active acceptance in grades 5-8, when we perceive him as an object. The student should not only understand the work being studied from Kyrgyz literature, receive education from it, but also on the basis of this work perceive in his world the richness of his native language, new words, expressions, means of artistic speech, develop a culture of speech and writing. The article is intended for school teachers, teachers of higher educational institutions, masters.

The experiences of individuals in maintaining a long-distance relationship through social media

This qualitative study explores the dynamics of long-distance romantic relationships (LDRRs) in the digital age. Long-distance relationships (LDRs) have emerged as a testament to the enduring strength of human affection in the face of spatial constraints. However, the dynamics of LDRs in the digital era present a diverse array of emotions, obstacles, and coping mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to understand the distinctive experiences of how social media has had a positive influence on the communication and relationship satisfaction between partners who have experienced long distance. The research, conducted through qualitative methods, involved 8 college students, predominantly females, offering insights into their experiences in current LDRs. Through semi-structured interviews with eight participants aged 18 to 24 in LDRRs, themes emerged regarding social media usage, coping strategies for emotional challenges, insecurities and communication, and the influence of family environments. The theme underscores how digital tools serve as essential resources for maintaining emotional intimacy and strengthening the relationship despite the challenges of distance. It also highlights the importance of familial support, privacy management, and individual resilience in sustaining intimate connections across geographical distances. The findings reveal that social media platforms such as WhatsApp and Instagram are integral to communication in LDRRs, with participants emphasising the importance of voice and video calls for maintaining intimacy. Coping with emotional challenges, including insecurities and feelings of disconnection, involves active communication, transparency, reassurance, and planning activities together. Family environments play a significant role in shaping communication dynamics, with participants navigating constraints on privacy and openness based on familial support or constraints. Overall, this study underscores the vital role of social media in sustaining emotional intimacy and connection in LDRRs. Understanding how individuals utilise social media and cope with challenges can inform interventions to support healthy, fulfilling relationships in the digital age.