Emotional Distancing Research Articles

Parental burnout assessment: Validation in Indonesian parents

ObjectiveIn the last fifteen years, there has been a growing global focus on parental burnout due to its negative impact on parents, partners, and children. The Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) is the established measurement to assess parental burnout and has been validated in various languages. Nevertheless, the Indonesian version of PBA is not available. The present study validated the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) in Indonesian parents. MethodsData were analyzed with 679 Indonesian parents (mothers= 593, fathers= 86) aged 22–66 (mean= 38.07, SD= 7.91). Participants were recruited through social media. ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed a good fit of data confirming the original four-factor model (CFA (χ2 (679=959.553, df=212, p = .000; CFI=0.93; GFI=0.894; RMSEA= 0.072; CI=0.067; 0.077; SRMR = 0.05; TLI= 0.917). Results revealed good internal consistency for the overall score (α = 0.93) and its dimensions (emotional exhausted= 0.86; contrast= 0.86; feeling of being fed up= 0.89), except for emotional distancing (α = 0.53). The Indonesian version of PBA also revealed good psychometric properties for construct validity, with measures of emotional well-being, parenting stress, and aloneliness (rpositive affect= -0.58; rnegative affect= 0.60; rparental stress= 0.64; raloneliness= 0.59). ConclusionThe results support its relevance for assessing parental burnout among Indonesian-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research and clinical diagnosis in the parenting domain. Our research confirms the reliability and validity of the Indonesian adaptation of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA-ID). These findings underscore the relevance of the PBA-ID within the Indonesian setting, offering significant implications for mental health assessment and intervention strategies.

Effectiveness of Family Coping Interventions in Improving Problem-Solving Skills in the Care of Children and Adolescent Cancer Survivors during and after Treatment: A Scoping Review.

(1) Context: Cancer triggers significant changes in family dynamics. It is noteworthy that coping and problem-solving skills, particularly in situations involving cancer in children and adolescents, have not been adequately explored in the context of family adaptation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of family interventions in coping to improve problem-solving skills in parents and/or caregivers of children and adolescents during and after oncological treatment. (2) Methods: This is a scoping review following the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR), from 2014 to 2024, in the databases LILACS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PUBMED. (3) Results: Forty-five studies were eligible. Coping strategies were categorized as follows: (1) positive attitudes (including a sense of courage and hope, family support to enhance resilience, and future planning), (2) caregiver empowerment (involving acceptance of diagnosis, emotional distancing, and coping through religiosity), and (3) communication skills (encompassing professional communication, horizontal dialogue with healthcare teams, and sincere communication with friends and family). (4) Conclusions: Over time, families develop coping and problem-solving strategies that influence changes in family functioning patterns, aiding them in accepting, reinterpreting, and reframing ideas and feelings associated with neoplasia.

HIV Diagnosis in the Context of Stable Relationships: A Qualitative Study With Women Living in Portugal.

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the acceptance of HIV diagnosis of women in stable relationships. Based on eight semistructured interviews with cisgender Portuguese women, thematic analysis identified four interrelated themes that illustrated the emotional and psychosocial dynamics involved in this journey. Following an HIV diagnosis, participants grappled with complex emotions, societal perceptions, and the internalization of stigma. Marital relationships underwent profound changes, with trust breakdown and emotional distancing. Coping mechanisms ranged from seeking support to living in secrecy, which impacted psychological well-being. Acceptance of HIV diagnosis is influenced by self-stigmatization, societal perceptions of HIV, and gender dynamics. The findings contribute to the development of tailored interventions, emphasizing the interconnected nature of physical and psychological well-being in the diagnosis acceptance process.

Emotional sensitivity and resilience in emergency operators in the province of El Oro-Ecuador

In emergency work, a person’s capacity to become sensitive to the adversity of others deteriorates due to continuous exposure to catastrophic eventualities. The objective of this research is to analyze resilience as a protective factor of emotional sensitivity in emergency work, through the application of scales, in order to establish a protective factor against the deterioration of emotional sensitivity. A sample of 42 active workers of the ECU911 System was used, 76.19% of whom were men and 23.81% women, to whom the Emotional Sensitivity Scale (ESE) was applied with three dimensions: negative egocentric sensitivity, emotional distancing and positive interpersonal sensitivity, and the Resilience Scale (ER-14) with two factors: personal competence and acceptance of oneself and life. It is evident that, despite the high levels of stress derived from the emergencies attended, there are differences in the levels of resilience and emotional sensitivity in the teleoperators; low levels of negative egocentric awareness were found, relatively high levels of resilience and positive interpersonal sensitivity, and in an intermediate position the levels of emotional distancing. It is necessary to design interventions aimed

Lived Experiences of Struggling Readers in Junior High School

This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of struggling readers in junior high school. This study was limited to four (4) participants who were under frustration reading level and had repeated grade 7. It was very particular with the lived experiences of the participants which resulted in their difficulties. Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological study was the basis of this study. In light of the findings, the following conclusions were drawn. Participants in this study experienced difficulties such as emotional, academic, and behavioral problems. However, through this phenomenon, the participants were able to cope by emotion-focused mechanisms which were considered as poor coping mechanisms wherein the participants opted to exert effort to regulate the emotional consequences of stressful or potentially stressful events. One coping strategy that emerged was Physical Distancing wherein participants distance themselves from the things or people that give them stress or move away from a threat. Another coping mechanism exemplified by the participants was the Emotional Distancing strategy wherein struggling readers move away emotionally. It was likely that experiences, themes, techniques, and strategies described by students in this population would give teachers a new outlook from which they can enhance learning outcomes. The following recommendations were laid down: the use of a holistic approach in reading intervention since struggling readers experience difficulties in different aspects of life such as emotional, academic, and behavioral aspects; conducting a phenomenological study on the life of elementary struggling readers is also recommended since there is a much bigger number of struggling elementary readers in some regions in the country.

Presenteeism and psychosocial aspects of work among civil servants in leadership positions at a Brazilian federal university.

Presenteeism, defined as the physical presence of the worker in the work environment despite being sick, has been little investigated among public servants in leadership positions. Managers can suffer stress and even burnout, since the organizational environment is full of complex situations, which can generate strong tension. To evaluate the relationship between work stress and burnout syndrome with presenteeism among civil servants in management positions at a Brazilian federal university. A total of 106 managers responded to an online questionnaire, including questions about the psychosocial aspects of work. Associations between presenteeism, sociodemographic aspects, dimensions of job stress (demand, control and social support) and Burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, dehumanization, emotional distancing and professional achievement) were performed using logistic regression methods. In relation to presenteeism, 51.9% reported having worked in the presence of health problems, and 45.2% of presenteeist workers showed a drop in the performance of work activities due to presenteeism. Burnout syndrome was observed in 10.5% of the group. Regarding the stress at work, 42.9% showed high demand, 55.7% low control and 59.6% low social support. For presenteeists, associations were observed between decreased control, increased emotional exhaustion and dehumanization with greater chances of falling in work performance due to presenteeism. The characteristics of the management positions observed here are factors that can contribute to the greater occurrence of presenteeism and/or greater drop in work performance due to presenteeism.

An Empathy and Arts Curriculum During a Pediatrics Clerkship: Impact on Student Empathy and Behavior.

Empathy is critical within medicine and improves patient outcomes and satisfaction. Empathy declines during the clerkship years due to the hidden curriculum, where students observe emotional distancing and desensitization by providers. Studies show arts curricula can preserve empathy but are limited by sample bias and preclerkship occurrence. We implemented and evaluated a brief pediatric clerkship arts curriculum to improve empathic behaviors. We created two 1-hour required small-group sessions for pediatric clerkship medical students. The first session paired arts observation techniques with various paintings. The students then applied these techniques to video-based simulated patient interactions in the second session. We used the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) and an empathy behavior checklist (EBC) as pre/post assessments to gauge self-reported empathy and empathetic behaviors. We compared responses of learners who attended the sessions (curriculum group) to learners unable to attend (control group). Thirty-four students participated in the curriculum; 19 were in the control group. Neither the control nor the curriculum group had a significant change in pre/post TEQ scores. Students with pre-TEQ scores less than 45 who participated in the curriculum had significant improvement in post-TEQ scores compared to their control group counterparts (p = .02). On the EBC, there was a significant difference between the curriculum and control groups for those who explored more about the child/family's experience (p < .05). Our work suggests that a brief clerkship arts curriculum is useful for improving self-reported empathy ratings and empathetic skills, particularly for students identified as having below-average empathy.

PENGARUH DIFFERENTIATION OF SELF TERHADAP EMOTIONAL REGULATION PADA REMAJA DI JABODETABEK

Stress is a phenomenon that is often found among adolescents. This is because the ability to regulate emotions in adolescents is still very minimal. This becomes quite concerning if emotions cannot be regulated properly because it can lead to affecting mental health such as depression to suicide. The purpose of this research is to see how the role of the dimensions of differentiation of self can contribute to the use of the Emotional Regulation strategy. This study involved respondents with the characteristics of teenagers aged 18-25 years and domiciled in Greater Jakarta. Researchers used a sampling technique in the form of purposive sampling. The results of data collection in the field were 128 respondents but after only 108 respondents were declared valid and involved in the final results of the study. The results of data analysis using the JASP program version 0.15.10, with the multiple linear regression test method. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was only a significant correlation in Cognitive Reappraisal with the Maintaining Identity dimension. On the other hand, the Expressive Suppression strategy is significantly correlated with all dimensions of the Differentiation of Self. This study has fulfilled all the classic assumption tests and regression tests showing that only the Maintaining Identity dimension can contribute significantly positively to the use of Cognitive Reappraisal strategies. On the other hand, the dimensions of Relational Sensitivity and Emotional Distancing can significantly contribute to the use of Expressive Suppression strategies.

Putting the Past into Perspective. Remembering, Reappraising, and Forgiving

The process of forgiving seems to require that a person can remember a specific moment in their personal past in which they were harmed in some way. Forgiving, then, often requires episodic memory, which may be understood as memory of events or experiences in one’s personal past. What is it that grounds acts of forgiveness? One of the most prominent ideas is that, fundamentally, forgiveness involves a change in emotion; it requires that negative emotions associated with the event are abandoned, withdrawn or overcome. In this paper, we outline one way in which the emotion and meaning of past events may be modulated. In particular, we suggest that by thinking more abstractly about an event we can shift our emotional response to it. We outline one way in which this form of more abstract thinking, which can help us distance ourselves from the negative emotion associated with a past wrongdoing, can show up in memory. We propose that emotionally distant memories, or memories in which the emotional content has undergone some change, may often be recalled from an observer perspective, in which the individual recalls the event from an external or detached point of view. Recalling a past wrongdoing from an observer memory may help put it into perspective and afford the emotional distancing required to facilitate forgiveness.

“Please don't let me become a statistic in this grocery store”: Civic engagement among older Americans since the COVID-19 pandemic onset

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted civic life and upended daily routines. Coffee shops, restaurants, recreation centers, parks, and other ‘third places’ that facilitate communal gathering, interpersonal connection, and meaningful activity closed or operated under tight restrictions. Little is known about longer-term impacts on older adults' civic life since the pandemic's onset. The COVID-19 Coping Study conducted semi-structured interviews in April–July 2021 with 57 adults aged ≥55 across the United States (mean age 71). Reflexive thematic analysis identified heightened sociopolitical tensions and complex community experiences since the pandemic's onset. Participants shared nuanced perceptions of greater physical and emotional distancing, siloed communities, politicized public health adherence, fears of gun violence, and experiences of racial discrimination in shared spaces. Hopeful efforts to re-engage in civic life involved cautious social activities post-vaccination, altered daily routines, and finding a “new normal.” The novel results explore how a large sample of racially and socioeconomically diverse older adults perceive and experience American sociopolitical tensions anchored in shared everyday spaces. Results may inform practical opportunities for policymakers and community service providers to strengthen social infrastructure, support wellbeing, and bolster civic life.

Predictors of screen exposure among infants under 2 years of age during the COVID-19 pandemic

Contradicting pediatric societies’ recommendations, studies show that screen exposure begins at the first year of life for many children worldwide, with parental needs, educational purposes, and parental stress emerging as associated factors. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has likely worsened this scenario. This study aims to: 1) estimate the average daily screen exposure time for Brazilian infants aged 0–23 months during the COVID-19 pandemic based on caregiver report; 2) analyze the correlation between average exposure time, parental motivations for exposure, parental burnout levels and infant age; and 3) test the predictive role of parental motivations, burnout, and infant age on infant screen exposure. For this purpose, 139 parents (living in Brazil) answered online to questionnaires on infant screen exposure, parental motivations for exposure (four subscales: Parental Needs; Educational; Child’s Desires/Family Routine; Behavioral Control), and parental burnout (Total score; four subscales: Emotional Exhaustion; Contrast; Feelings of Being Fed Up; Emotional Distancing). On average, infants were exposed to screens for 131 min/day. Higher scores on the four parental motivation subscales and higher parental burnout (specifically the Contrast subscale) correlated with longer exposure times. Furthermore, the motivation subscales Parental Needs and Child's Desires/family routine, the burnout subscale Contrast and infant age predicted greater screen exposure, while the burnout scale Feelings of Being Fed Up predicted less exposure. Our results suggest that infants in Brazil were exposed to substantial amounts of screen time during the pandemic. Interventions aiming to reduce screen time must consider parental motivations and parental burnout/mental health along with infant age.

“You block yourself from the emotion:” A qualitative inquiry into special education teachers' use of discordant emotional strategies in coping with student aggression

Current research has explored teachers' use of expressive suppression and surface acting; however, research on these strategies, in the context of student aggression, is limited. A qualitative study was conducted to better understand female special education teachers' (SETs') use of discordant emotional (DE) strategies in student aggression. Analyses of the 16 semi-structured interviews revealed emotional distancing as a new DE strategy that consists of emotional detachment and emotional separation. Findings suggest SETs' use of emotional distancing differed by their years of teaching experience and “mental work.” Implications for professionals in practice are discussed to improve SETs’ emotional wellbeing.

Burnout prevalence in medical students attending a team-based learning school

IntroductionWorldwide burnout prevalence among medical students is high. It has a negative impact on students’ personal and professional lives as well as on their psychosocial wellbeing and academic performance. It can result in physicians with emotional distancing and indifference to work, and it compromises the quality of healthcare offered to society. This study evaluates burnout in medical students selected by mini-multiple interviews (MMIs) who were being taught by the team-based learning (TBL) method. MMIs are often used to select students with soft skills for medicine, and TBL is related to greater academic achievement, which would allow students to have greater resilience to stress. Information on burnout occurrence is lacking for this type of student.MethodsStudents (N = 143) attending the first three semesters at a private medical school were evaluated. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory—Student Version (CBI-SV) questionnaire was applied on three occasions (applications = Apps one, two, and three) in each semester. Scores ≥ 50 were considered to indicate burnout. Data were analyzed by statistics programs.ResultsPersonal-related and study-related burnout frequencies for 1st semester students were, respectively, 24.4 and 22% in App one and rose to 51 and 48.5% at the semester’s end. Second- and third-semester students’ frequencies reached 80.4 and 78.8%, respectively. Around 40% of 1st semester students having burnout at App one maintained the burnout score. Peer- and teacher-related burnout frequencies are low (4.9 and 2.4%) at the 1st semester App one and rose to the highest (24–30%) by the end of the 2nd semester. Woman students had significantly higher burnout frequencies in the personal- (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and study-related burnout subscales (p = 0.003). Students living with friends had lower study-related burnout scores than those living with family or alone (p = 0.024). There were no significant correlations between the burnout scores and tuition funding (partial or total) or having or not having religious faith.DiscussionThe prevalence of personal- and study-related burnout among medical students of the Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), perceived via mini-multiple interviews (MMI)—selected and team-based learning (TBL)—taught, was similar to those internationally reported. The college semester and the gender of woman were associated with worse burnout levels. Additional studies are needed to support more effective actions to reduce the impact of stress on students.

Neuroticism modulates the qualitative effects of inferior parietal tDCS on negatively-valenced memories

For individuals with increased levels of neuroticism, experiencing criticism or receiving negative feedback has been associated with worse psychological and cognitive outcomes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can change cognitive processes in clinical populations. We bilaterally stimulated the posterior inferior parietal lobule (pIPL), a critical superficial node of the default model network. We investigated how baseline neuroticism modulates the impact of bilateral tDCS to pIPL on qualitative measures of memory after hearing criticism, hypothesizing that cathodal stimulation of the IPL would offer qualitative memory improvements for individuals with higher levels of neuroticism. Ninety individuals from the community were randomly assigned to receive anodal, cathodal, or sham stimulation while they were exposed to critical comments before and after stimulation. Participants then recalled the critical comments, and their linguistic responses were analyzed using Pennebaker's Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software, a quantitative analysis software for linguistic data. Results showed that for individuals receiving cathodal tDCS, higher neuroticism scores corresponded with greater proportions of non-personal language (i.e., words such as “us,” “they,” or “other” instead of “I” or “me”) when recalling negative feedback. For individuals with higher neuroticism, cathodal tDCS stimulation, rather than anodal or sham, of the pIPL prompted increased emotional distancing and perspective taking strategies when recalling criticism. These results further highlight the state-dependent nature of tDCS effects and the role of the IPL in interpersonal processing – a clinically meaningful outcome that current tDCS studies solely examining quantitative measures of memory (e.g., task-based accuracy or speed) do not reveal.

Medical students' coping with stress and its predictors: a cross-sectional study.

To analyse stress coping styles of medical students at different time points of medical education and to identify predictors of functional coping. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students (N = 497, 361 women and 136 men) before year one (n = 141), after year one (n = 135) and after year five (n = 220). Students answered the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory, the Work-Related Behaviour and Experience Patterns, the Perceived Medical School Stress Instrument and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Multiple regression was used to examine factors associated with functional coping. Single factor ANOVA indicated a significant difference for functional coping between the time points (F (2, 494) = 9.52, p < .01), with fifth-year students scoring significantly higher than students before or after year one. There was a significant difference in dysfunctional coping (F (2, 494) = 12.37, p < .01), with students before year one and after year five scoring higher than those after year one. Efficacy (β = 0.15, t (213) = 4.66, p < .01), emotional distancing (β = 0.04, t (213) = 3.50, p < .01) and satisfaction with life (β = 0.06, t (213) = 4.87, p < .01) were positive predictors of functional coping. Scores for both functional and dysfunctional coping vary during medical education. The reasons for low coping scores after year one require further explanation. These findings represent a starting point for investigations into how to promote functional coping during early medical education.

“I Definitely Would Appreciate a Little More Validation”: Toward an Ethics of Care in College Newsrooms and Journalism Education

Drawing on interviews with 10 U.S. student journalists, we introduce an ethics-of-care approach for trauma-informed journalism pedagogy. We express grave concern for mental health in journalism programs, offering an empirical snapshot of students’ traumas and coping strategies. We confirm that student journalists, like working reporters, are traumatized by professional norms, high demands, poor boundaries, safety concerns, and ethical-professional responsibilities. Participants coped through emotional distancing, saving face, and relying on peers. We offer interventions based on student support needs and changing news values, including faculty affirmation, financial support, counselor support, diversity training, newsroom debriefings, emotional leadership, and reporting protocols.

Povezanost senzornog procesiranja dece sa razvojnom disfazijom sa sagorevanjem i samopoštovanjem roditelja

Introduction. Sensory processing difficulties can pose a risk for the development of language and speech disorders in the earliest period and require professional intervention and intense involvement of parents in homework with children with developmental dysphasia, which might cause parental burnout and lower level of their self-esteem when parents are not able to help, not only the children, but themselves too. Aim. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the sensory sensitivity of children with developmental dysphasia and the characteristics of parents. Method. The sample consisted of 50 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years. The following questionnaires were used in the research to assess the characteristics of sensory processing: The Child Sensory Profile 2, Parental Burnout Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Measures of descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used in data processing. Results. The results of the research show that the level of parental burnout is relatively low (parents showed a high level of personal accomplishment (M = 4.16, SD = .67), mild level of emotional exhaustion (M = 2.34, SD = .78) and low level of emotional distancing (M = 1.72, SD = .72), but also that they are characterized by lower self-esteem (M = 3.11, SD = .34). Also, self-esteem and burn-out are not related. On the Sensory Profile, subscales of behavior elements are highly correlated, while the intensity of correlations in subscales of the basic system of processing oscillates. There is a weak correlation between the general self-esteem of parents with subscales of body posture and behavior. Conclusion. The obtained results were discussed in the context of practical pedagogical implications, considering that if the difficulties in the child's functioning are not eliminated in the preschool period, the child's departure to school may be delayed, or long-term difficulties in learning may appear.

Осознанная саморегуляция и копинг-стратегии как ресурсы преодоления трудных жизненных ситуаций

Background. Te relevance of the study is due to the search for regulatory and intrapersonal resources for a successful way out of difcult life situations on the example of the postoperative period afer high-tech operations on the large joints. Objective. Te study had its purpose to scrutinize the contribution of conscious selfregulation and coping strategies to overcoming difcult life situations. Methods. “Self-Regulation Profle Questionnaire by Morosanova — SRPQM 2020”, questionnaire “Methods of Coping Behavior” by R. Lazarus, questionnaire of cognitive regulation of emotions by N. Garnefsky, “Knee Score Scale” modifed by D. Insall, “Hip Joint Assessment System”. Sample of the study consisted of 128 people of them: 80 men, 48 women (average age 55.76 ± 12.7), who underwent high-tech operations on the large joints. Measurements were carried out in two stages: before the operation and 1.5 months later. Results confrm that most people experience difculties in the process of self-recovery afer high-tech operations. Te study revealed a positive contribution of adaptive coping strategies, such as problem-solving planning and reviewing the situation from the positive side to the patients’ recovery. Tese coping strategies make a positive contribution to compliance with standard recovery deadlines and reduce the efect of ineffective cognitive-emotional strategies. Avoidance, denial of the problem, fantasizing and emotional distancing prevent a successful exit from a difcult life situation and delay the recovery process. Te study also showed contribution of self-accusation, exaggeration of occurred events signifcance and blaming others to the difculties that arise during self-rehabilitation. Te research results demonstrate the system-forming resource role of conscious self-regulation in the successful overcoming difcult life situations, where conscious self-regulation acts as a central predictor and mediator of other personality characteristics. Conclusions. Adaptive coping strategies and conscious self-regulation make a signifcant contribution to overcoming difcult life situations. Self-regulation is a predictor and mediator of health indicators and compliance with standard rehabilitation deadlines; it plays a system-forming resource role in restraining inefective ways of cognitive-emotional regulation and coping strategies in the process of overcoming difcult life situations.

Understanding the types of social support that can mitigate parental burnout in mothers of children with medical complexity.

Parental burnout is characterized by exhaustion, emotional distancing and a sense of ineffectiveness in the parenting role. Parents of children with medical complexity (CMC) face various challenges due to their child's diagnosis. Specifically, mothers of CMC experience more parental burnout symptoms than mothers of children without healthcare needs. Multiple studies have identified interventions for mitigating caregiver stress in parents of CMC. However, social support is of interest to organizations that provide services geared towards the family unit's social-emotional wellbeing. This article aims to explore the role of social support in mitigating parental burnout in mothers of CMC. It also aims to offer guidance to community-based organizations, practitioners, and mental health advocates on how to best allocate resources to provide social support opportunities for mothers of CMC. A qualitative case study approach was utilized to explore the role of social support in mitigating parental burnout in mothers of CMC. A sample of five mothers of CMC participated in an interview regarding the role of social support in mitigating parental burnout. Within-case analysis was used to identify overarching themes, followed by cross-case analysis to determine similarities among participants' experience. Three salient themes emerged from the participants' interviews: isolation, types of social support, and the benefits of helping others. Types of social support included four subcategories: church support, practical support, mental health support and respite/childcare support. Results of the study indicated that active engagement in specific types of social support was critical in mitigating parental burnout and feelings of isolation in mothers of CMC. Furthermore, results revealed that mothers of CMC experience positive benefits from helping others. These findings encourage community-based organizations to focus on maximizing partnerships with churches and other non-profit organizations to develop strategic programmes for mitigating parental burnout in mothers of CMC.

PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC AND SPORTS COMMITMENT IN ADOLESCENT WOMEN: CLUSTER ANALYSIS USING ANN-SOM

ABSTRACT&#x0D; This research analyses different variables of the sports and academic commitment of adolescent women and how they behave in general and it also takes into account gatherings created through cluster analysis using ANN-SOM. The sample consisted of 182 adolescent women (M= 14,86 / SD= 1,832) who completed various test scales to know the use of coping strategies and the degree of resilience, commitment and stress, both in the sports and academic fields. The sport-variable predictors of academic engagement were task-oriented coping and resilience, and the academic ones were about the Grade Point Average (GPA) and task-oriented coping. Three groups of participants were identified. The group in which the sports variables predicted the academic commitment to a greater extent corresponded to the one with the highest level and sports commitment. The sports variables of academic engagement were the level, as well as the task-oriented coping and resilience; the academic variables were emotional coping and distancing and resilience, with task coping showing a clear trend. By clusters, the group with the highest GPA was the one in which the sporting determinants had the lowest predictive value over their academic commitment.