Emotional Dimensions Research Articles

From an emotional experience of mobile food shopping to continued purchase intention: moderating role of e-user expertise

PurposeThis study examines the role of the emotional experience of mobile food shopping in stimulating perceived values and continued intentions under the moderating role of consumer expertise.Design/methodology/approachWe gathered data from 632 Saudi mobile food shoppers through a web survey and analysed it using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results showed that emotions (i.e. pleasure, arousal and dominance) significantly affect immersion in the experience of shopping via mobile food applications, which generates significant functional and emotional values and ultimately influences continued intentions. However, they do not have a significant effect on social value. Consumer expertise significantly moderates only the relationships between functional and emotional values with immersion and between immersion and continued intention.Practical implicationsFormulating a marketing strategy based on the emotional dimension is a potentially powerful way to enhance the attractiveness of mobile food applications. Nevertheless, segmenting the market based on consumer expertise is crucial for customising offers.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by integrating pleasure-arousal-dominance theory with the theory of customer value to examine the role of the emotional dimension in the development of perceived values and continued intention to use mobile food ordering applications. Additionally, this study adds to the literature by examining the moderating role of user expertise in these relationships.

An examination of sources fostering student teachers’ academic well-being

ABSTRACT This study examined student teachers’ perspectives on the sources of their academic well-being within the context of a four-year undergraduate teacher education programme in Qatar. A survey was developed and validated using a conceptual framework entailing cognitive, social and emotional dimensions. Statistical analyses involving 806 responses revealed five factors that contributed to participants’ academic well-being, namely: (F-1) self-regulated learning, (F-2) academic values, (F-3) social engagement, (F-4) peer learning and (F-5) emotional engagement. Comparative analyses between gender, age, reported GPA and credit hours verified the different influence of the five factors on fostering academic well-being. These results are further discussed in light of implications for using the validated instrument and devising tailored interventions.

Research on the relationship between physical literacy and demographic variables and interpersonal support for physical exercise among adolescents in China.

In recent decades, the concept of "Physical Literacy" has emerged as a significant breakthrough in enhancing the physical health of children and adolescents. This concept has become the guiding principle and future direction for physical education reform in Western countries. As China's economic and social development enters a new phase, the negative impact of insufficient physical activity on adolescent health remains a significant challenge to the strategies of "Healthy China" and "A Leading Sports Nation." The unique value of physical literacy, which emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity, aligns perfectly with the developmental needs of the nation, the era, and individuals. Given the crucial role of interpersonal support in the development of adolescents' physical literacy, this study employs questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis to investigate the current state of physical literacy among Chinese adolescents. It explores the predictive relationship between parental support, teacher support, and peer support on physical literacy, aiming to provide guidance for the future development of adolescents' physical literacy. The research findings indicate significant differences in the five dimensions of physical literacy (attitude, sports knowledge, emotion, athletic ability, and physical fitness) among adolescents of different grades and residence type. Additionally, there are notable gender differences in the dimensions of sports knowledge, emotion, and athletic ability. The interaction effect of gender and grade is particularly evident in the emotional and physical fitness dimensions. There is a significant correlation between interpersonal support and all dimensions of physical literacy. After controlling for variables such as gender, grade, and family background, interpersonal support for adolescent physical exercise was found to have a significant impact on all dimensions of physical literacy. Among the forms of support, peer support was identified as a more powerful predictor of physical literacy compared to parental and teacher support.

FLORADAS POÉTICAS, REGISTROS DA FLORA DO CARIRI CEARENSE NA OBRA DO POETA PATATIVA DO ASSARÉ

Artistic expressions convey the perception, culture, and emotional dimensions of those who conceive, interact with, and transmit them. Patativa do Assaré, a popular poet, exemplifies this multifaceted grasp through his extensive work that portrays the landscape, culture, people, and history of the northeastern backlands. His book, "Sing There That I Sing Here - Philosophy of a Northeastern Troubadour," is the focus of this study. The aim was to identify common plant names, analyse them, and assess whether the poet could still draw inspiration from these plants today. The verses contain 2,639 citations related to nature, with 597 terms, 64 of which directly refer to plants. Botanical names were inferred through verse analysis and comparison with herbarium specimens from the Cariri region of Ceará. Despite increasing anthropisation, much of the landscape and place could largely be retold. This research joins others in enhancing the value of biological and cultural conservation, contributing to the conservation status of the imburana and pequi, as evoked by the artist in his work. Keywords: Ethnobotany; Popular plant names; Northeastern Flora; Patativa do Assaré; Cariri Ceará.

Computational hermeneutics of emotion: a comparative study of emotional landscapes in the Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”

This study employs computational hermeneutics to explore emotional representations in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. Using advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, including sentiment analysis powered by the BERT model and other tools, we examine the emotional and existential aspects embedded in the narrative. Our approach combines computational tools with traditional hermeneutic methods to deconstruct the emotional journey of the protagonist, Rodion Raskolnikov. We quantitatively analyze his emotional evolution before and after the pivotal crime, mapping his psychological transition from detachment to engagement. The study focuses on four key emotional dimensions: Attitude, Introspection, Sensitivity, and Temper. By transforming qualitative textual data into a quantitative framework, we provide a novel illustration of Raskolnikov’s psychological progression from a state of depersonalization to full emotional contact. This computational analysis is contextualized within a broader philosophical interpretation, drawing on concepts such as Stoic apatheia and Heideggerian Sorge. Our research serves a dual purpose: it enhances our understanding of Dostoevsky’s work while demonstrating the potential of computational methods in literary analysis. By bridging digital humanities and traditional literary criticism, this study contributes to the growing field of digital hermeneutics and opens new avenues for interdisciplinary research in literature, philosophy, and computational linguistics.

Transformative landscape of ChatGPT in higher education: unveiling the academic discourse

Purpose Transformative generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, have revolutionized various sectors, including higher education. Since its release in November 2022, it has gathered attention from academia, scholars, students, regulators and education policymakers. Opinions diverge on whether ChatGPT’s use in academia should be circumscribed or regulated. To offer insights into some of these, this study synthesizes 139 contributions (articles and blogs) authored by instructors, publishers, professors, editors and education journalists in the education domain. Design/methodology/approach The study uses sentiment analysis and topic modelling to examine the 139 articles and blogs. Drawing on their insights, it firstly explores emotional dimensions of the content. Subsequently, using critical discourse analysis, it integrates them with emerging concerns (what and why), and explicates key processes (how) to inform academia, research, practice and policy. Findings Drawing on the results obtained from sentiment analysis, the study identifies that the overall sentiments surrounding generative AI tools such as ChatGPT in higher education are more positive (33%) than negative (11%). Using topic modelling, the study further highlights four thematic areas to explore benefits and challenges: perceptions and biases, pedagogical impact, ethical considerations and implementation and adoption. Research limitations/implications Limitations include the absence of student perspectives, which may offer deeper insights into perception, pedagogical impacts, and integrity-related issues. Additionally, while findings are applicable across various domains, specialized areas may present differing insights that could refine the conclusions. Originality/value Overall, contributors acknowledge the capabilities of generative AI tools like ChatGPT in enhancing students’ productivity. The findings suggest that it is likely to offer significant gains in the education domain, providing several benefits to both teachers and students. Nevertheless, they also consider its limitations, discrimination and bias, copyright infringement, plagiarism, fabricated unauthentic textual content and assessment bias.

End of Life Care: Compassion Beyond Cure

End-of-life care encompasses more than just medical treatment for a dying person; it is a holistic approach focused on providing comfort, love, and fulfillment during a patient’s final stages of life. This article delves into the significance of end-of-life care, emphasizing the importance of addressing physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. By prioritizing quality of life, managing pain, and offering emotional support, healthcare teams can ensure patient dignity and respect their final wishes. End-of-life care includes aspects such as hospice and palliative care, advanced directives, and the role of healthcare professionals. It discusses the importance of clear communication with patients and families regarding terminal diagnoses while also respecting cultural and individual preferences. Ethical considerations around withholding or withdrawing treatment are addressed, focusing on patient autonomy and the physician's role in difficult decisions. By embracing a holistic approach that attends to the physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of dying, healthcare professionals can help patients experience their final moments with dignity and peace. This approach not only benefits patients but also supports their families, ensuring that the end of life is met with respect, comfort, and serenity.

Analysis of Spatial Vitality Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Old Neighborhoods: A Case Study of Ya’an Xicheng Neighborhood

Amidst the pursuit of sustainable urban development, bolstering the spatial vitality of historic neighborhoods emerges as a pivotal endeavor. This study, centering on the Xicheng neighborhood in Ya’an City, employs a multifaceted data analysis approach to unravel the intricate spatial vitality patterns. By adopting a dual lens focusing on both “people” and “space”, we delve into the intricate interplay between spatial vitality, spatial perception, and various influencing factors, such as the spatial environment, business format layout, and place atmosphere. Leveraging spatial correlation analysis, we meticulously examine the extent to which these multifarious factors shape spatial vitality and perception. Our findings reveal a profound connection between the emotional dimension of perception and the distribution of spatial vitality. Notably, aspects of spatial character—green rating, accessibility, and interface richness—exert the most pronounced influence on vitality. Furthermore, the creation of a distinctive atmosphere in a place is more likely to resonate with a person’s spatial perception than the physical environment itself.

Peer support groups and care burden in hemodialysis caregivers: a RCT in an Iranian healthcare setting

BackgroundChronic renal failure poses a significant global health challenge, exerting a substantial burden on both patients and their caregivers. Hemodialysis, a common treatment for end-stage renal disease, imposes extensive physical, emotional, and financial pressures on caregivers, often leading to a high care burden. This study uniquely examines the impact of peer support groups on reducing the care burden among caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis in an Iranian healthcare setting, an aspect that has not been extensively explored before.MethodsA parallel-controlled clinical trial was conducted involving 60 caregivers, divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in an 8-session peer support program tailored to their identified needs, including coping with stress, social isolation, and financial challenges. The Zarit Care Burden Interview Scale was used to measure care burden before and after the intervention.ResultsThe study revealed statistically significant reductions in care burden, particularly in physical, social, and emotional dimensions, among caregivers in the intervention group compared to the control group. The total care burden score showed a marked decrease, indicating the effectiveness of the peer support intervention. While economic challenges remained a concern, the intervention had a limited impact in this domain.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that peer support groups significantly alleviate the care burden experienced by caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis, improving their well-being across several dimensions. The findings highlight the importance of integrating peer support strategies into healthcare programs for chronic disease management and underscore the need for supplementary economic support measures to comprehensively address caregivers’ needs. Future research should explore the scalability and long-term sustainability of such interventions and address the unique economic challenges faced by these caregivers.Trial registrationThis study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the registration number IRCT20220724055540N1 on 11/08/2022.

An Insight into the Lived Experiences of Medical College Women Post-pandemic

The purpose of this study was to document and analyze the narratives of college women pursuing medical-related courses in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the multifaceted challenges they encountered and the strategies they employed to navigate these difficulties. The research aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the pandemic has reshaped the educational landscape for these students, impacting not only their academic pursuits but also their mental health, social interactions, and overall well-being. Using a qualitative approach, the study employed in-depth semi-structured interviews with participants selected through purposive sampling, ensuring a diverse representation of experiences. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, allowing for the identification of key themes related to the academic, emotional, and social dimensions of their experiences. By capturing their narratives, this study sought to enrich the existing body of knowledge regarding the pandemic's effects on higher education, particularly within the realm of medical education, which demands a unique set of skills and resilience. The significance of this research lies in its potential to inform educational institutions, policymakers, and support services about the specific needs and experiences of college women in medical programs. It highlights the importance of acknowledging gender-specific challenges and the necessity for tailored support systems. Ultimately, the findings aim to guide the development of gender-sensitive policies and interventions that foster a supportive educational environment, enhancing the holistic well-being and academic success of these students. This research not only addresses immediate concerns but also contributes to a broader discourse on equity and inclusion in higher education, advocating for a more responsive and adaptive approach to the evolving needs of college women in medical fields.

Neuroticism and extraversion moderate the relationship between physical activity enjoyment and habit

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine whether certain personality traits moderate the relationship between physical activity enjoyment and habit. Seven hundred twenty-four participants (Mage = 31.29 years; 54.7% female) completed an online survey that included measures of physical activity enjoyment, physical activity habit, personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, and consciousness), and emotional style dimensions (outlook and resilience). The data were analysed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS (controlled for demographic variables and engagement duration for the selected physical activity behaviour) with habit as the dependent variable. Results indicate that physical activity enjoyment was positively related to habit. Neuroticism was negatively related to habit, while the other personality traits examined were positively related to habit. Moderation analyses revealed that the relationship between physical activity enjoyment and habit was stronger for individuals with higher levels of neuroticism and extraversion, however, the effects were very small. The other tested moderation effects were not significant. These findings suggest that increasing physical activity enjoyment may be crucial for reinforcing habit regardless of the personality traits analysed in this study. In nuances, physical activity enjoyment could be particularly important for less emotionally stable and more extraverted individuals as a reward that promotes habit.

Exploring worker subjectivity: shaping industrial and organizational psychology in post-apartheid South Africa

This article critically evaluates the role of industrial–organizational psychology in post-apartheid South Africa, advocating for a transformative framework that addresses the socio-political and historical inequalities in the workplace. The article highlights how industrial–organizational psychology has traditionally focused on organizational efficiency, often aligned with capitalist interests, while overlooking the socio-historical forces shaping worker experiences, particularly related to race, gender, and class. By introducing the concept of worker subjectivity, the article calls for a reimagined industrial–organizational psychology that integrates critical perspectives from psychology and management studies to better understand how workers navigate their identities and agency within broader socio-political structures. The author emphasizes the need to address the emotional and psychological dimensions of worker experiences, especially in the South African context marked by the legacies of colonialism and apartheid. By focusing on worker subjectivity, industrial–organizational psychology can move beyond traditional quantitative methods and engage with the complexities of workplace inequality. This approach aligns industrial–organizational psychology with the broader mission of the Psychological Society of South Africa to promote socially just and inclusive practices. The article also calls for interdisciplinary collaboration and the reformation of industrial–organizational psychology education to better equip practitioners with the tools needed to address the realities of post-apartheid workplaces.

Beyond Treatment: A Narrative Review of Humanization Practices, Empathetic Communication, and Comprehensive Support in Oncology Patient Care in Brazil Over the Last Two Decades (2003-2023).

Humanization in oncology patient care represents a significant innovation in health care practice, shifting the traditional focus solely on treating physical conditions to encompass the emotional and psychosocial dimensions of patient experience. This study aimed to explore the importance of humanization in oncology and the application of practices that promote a patient-centered approach. Through a narrative review of the past 2 decades, the objective was to analyze the practices, benefits, and challenges of humanization in the oncology context. The methodology involved reviewing the relevant literature on empathetic communication, psychological support, and the integration of these aspects into oncology care. The results indicated that humanization significantly contributes to improving patients' quality of life, increasing treatment adherence, and fostering a more satisfying work environment for health care teams. However, effective implementation faces challenges, such as the need for ongoing training, resource limitations, and resistance to change. Despite these obstacles, humanization is essential to provide more comprehensive and patient-centered care. The adoption of humanized practices transforms the oncology care experience, making it more empathetic and holistic.

The effect of human capital on organizational readiness: An analytical study at the Middle Technical University

The study seeks to assess how human capital, encompassing aspects like knowledge, skills, experience, and abilities, impacts the attainment of organizational readiness across cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions at Central Technical University. The problem of the study begins by addressing the basic question of revealing the degree of influence of human capital on achieving organizational readiness and also knowing what are the organizational benefits resulting from human capital and whether this has a direct or indirect impact on building organizational readiness. The importance of the research was to address a problem that most people face. Organizations in general, and Central Technical University in particular, which is represented by the rapid change in the environmental requirements associated with them, which lies in the need for continuous change to build organizational readiness that seeks to achieve the organizations’ requirements and needs. The researchers utilized a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on a sample of administrative leaders from Middle Technical University. They also utilized a survey form to gather data, distributing a total of 310 forms and receiving back 296. The collected data underwent testing through statistical programs such as EXCEL and SPSS v.23. There are many results, most notably the existence of a significant relationship between human capital with its dimensions and organizational readiness, and that the dimensions of the human capital variable are available at a good level, especially in the skills and capabilities dimension. However, they need more focus, especially in terms of providing training programs capable of addressing the problems that exist to enable them. To make appropriate decisions based on sound scientific foundations. Type of paper:- Research paper The study seeks to assess how human capital, encompassing aspects like knowledge, skills, experience, and abilities, impacts the attainment of organizational readiness across cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions at Central Technical University. The problem of the study begins by addressing the basic question of revealing the degree of influence of human capital on achieving organizational readiness and also knowing what are the organizational benefits resulting from human capital and whether this has a direct or indirect impact on building organizational readiness. The importance of the research was to address a problem that most people face. Organizations in general, and Central Technical University in particular, which is represented by the rapid change in the environmental requirements associated with them, which lies in the need for continuous change to build organizational readiness that seeks to achieve the organizations’ requirements and needs. The researchers utilized a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on a sample of administrative leaders from Middle Technical University. They also utilized a survey form to gather data, distributing a total of 310 forms and receiving back 296. The collected data underwent testing through statistical programs such as EXCEL and SPSS v.23. There are many results, most notably the existence of a significant relationship between human capital with its dimensions and organizational readiness, and that the dimensions of the human capital variable are available at a good level, especially in the skills and capabilities dimension. However, they need more focus, especially in terms of providing training programs capable of addressing the problems that exist to enable them. To make appropriate decisions based on sound scientific foundations. Type of paper:- Research paper

Unraveling the Mediating Role of Buoyancy in the Relationship Between Anxiety and EFL Students' Learning Engagement.

Recent investigators have illuminated the crucial role of positive psychology in learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). However, little is known about academic buoyancy as a potential mediator in the relationship between foreign language anxiety and learners' academic engagement in English learning. To address this gap, we adopted a quantitative approach to explore these links. We surveyed 970 Chinese high school EFL students to measure their English learning anxiety, academic buoyancy, and learning engagement. Of the four dimensions of engagement - behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agentic engagement - we discarded the emotional and cognitive dimensions of academic engagement in factor analyses. Structural equation modelling indicated that English learning anxiety directly predicted behavioral but not agentic engagement, and academic buoyancy partially mediated between English learning anxiety and behavioral engagement and completely mediated between English learning anxiety and agentic engagement. These results provide insights for EFL teachers seeking to enhance students' language learning experiences.

Dance/movement interventions and students with disabilities: A critical review

This critical narrative review presents findings of physical activity interventions involving dance/movement for students with disabilities. This review describes the status of dance/movement intervention research supporting students’ intersectional identities, including disability. Dance/movement research from 2013 to 2023 was reviewed to identify the extent to which research addresses dimensions of students’ identities. First, dance/movement research is situated within physical activity intervention research. Next, findings from 82 dance/movement research studies within education and disability categories, including autism, physical, and social emotional dimensions is summarized. Of those studies, five studies address participants’ intersectional identities including disability. Positive outcomes of dance/movement interventions for students with disabilities include relationship building, well-being, individualized education, and cultural identity. Specific intervention techniques of mirroring, rhythm matching, and social collaboration with teachers and peers are identified as efficacious for improving students’ social-emotional, cognitive, and motor skills. Dance/movement interventions are also related to teachers’ awareness and affirmation of dimensions of students’ backgrounds and interests through student-centered dance/movement techniques. While the social-emotional, cognitive, and motor benefits are widely documented in the research, only a handful of studies address aspects of participants’ identities other than disability category and age. The findings of this review have implications for teachers’ increased self-awareness and knowledge of dance/movement intervention techniques in support of students’ developmental skill outcomes and intersecting identities, as well as for dance/movement intervention research that addresses multiple dimensions of students’ identities.

Considering Participant Observation Methods for Nursing Qualitative Research

Observation is used as a research technique and the selection of the appropriate type depends on the research question and the paradigm underlying each study. The degree of participation and involvement of a nurse researcher varies according to the nature of the setting and the research question. The objective is to reflect on the experience in applying observational techniques in nursing qualitative research. We report on the experience of using 14 observations of interactions between nurse-child-parents in a nursing appointment in a healthcare center. This data collection allowed identification of advantages and limitations in the nurse-child-parent interaction processes, in a healthcare center. We argue that advantages of observation can include overcoming the divergence between what participants say and what they do; capturing the emotional dimension cultivated within the natural environment; flexibility and non-intrusiveness if the researcher gives time to develop a relationship with the participants. Doing observations requires significant time in the natural context, through sustained presence, building trust, and becoming integrated into the context before the research begins. In interpretive and naturalistic qualitative research observational techniques continue to offer a method that can be used alone or conjugated with other data collection techniques.

Social Representations of the War in Italy during the Russia/Ukraine Conflict

Social representations of the war, anchored in historical experience and cultural values, play a motivational role in justifying collective behavior. Following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the research delves into the meanings associated with war through a social representation approach. Employing Doise’s sociodynamic approach, researchers identify the semantic field linked with war and analyze its organizing principles, revealing the variability of representations. In total, 313 Italian participants (female = 241, 75.4%; age range = 18–74) completed a questionnaire featuring a free association task with the word “war”, providing demographic and political and religious orientation data. Lexical correspondence analysis, utilizing Spad-t software, highlights three polarized themes: the emotional dimension aroused by war, media-conveyed imagery, and the underlying causes of conflict. The social anchoring analysis projects variables such as gender and political orientation onto a factorial plane. Finally, cluster analysis dissects psychological anchoring, identifying four distinct groups characterized by their descriptions of war: effects, reasons, emotions, and images. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Ah-Aloud Method to Comprehend Time-Series Emotion Observation During Gameplay: An Initial Investigation with Japanese Speakers

Emotional dimensions significantly impact user experience (UX) and are essential in assessing interactions in entertainment systems. However, relying solely on subjective post-event indicators fails to capture dynamic emotional changes during the system experience. Kawashima and Watanabe introduced the "ah-aloud" method, enabling real-time emotion observation by having participants vocalize "ah" during system experiences. However, this method remains conceptual and preliminary, lacking in specific experimental procedures, analysis methods, and utilization guidelines. Our study delineates the requirements for practical "ah-aloud" application and validates its potential for game experience assessment. Consequently, the "ah-aloud" method demonstrates the potential for observing time-series emotional changes during gameplay. Based on these findings, we deliberated its utility for system evaluation and reliability as an evaluation experiment.

A Study of Diabetes Correlated Emotional Distress among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A cross Sectional Study

Background: Diabetes distress (DD) is a significant concern for individuals with type 2 diabetes, marked by emotional strain related to disease management and support, distinct from general psychological distress. Specific Background: Addressing DD can improve self-care practices and glycemic control, yet limited research exists on the relationship between emotional distress and sociodemographic factors in this population. Knowledge Gap: This study aims to fill this gap by exploring how sociodemographic traits influence emotional distress among type 2 diabetes patients. Aims: The primary objectives are to identify the correlation between emotional distress and diabetes and to determine the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on this distress. Results: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Endocrinology and Diabetes Center in Al-Basrah City included 150 patients aged 50–65 years, with a significant proportion of men (63.3%). The findings revealed a mean emotional distress score of 3.81, indicating high distress levels, with physician-associated distress at 3.32 and regimen-related distress at 3.48. Novelty: This research highlights the strong correlation between emotional and diabetes-related distress, particularly across different age and gender demographics, thus emphasizing the need for tailored interventions. Implications: The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating psychological assessments into diabetes management and policymakers' consideration of emotional dimensions in health program designs to improve patient self-management and quality of life. Highlights: Diabetes distress impacts self-care and glycemic control. Socio-demographics influence emotional distress levels in patients. Psychological assessments are crucial in diabetes management strategies. Keywords: diabetes distress, emotional distress, type 2 diabetes, sociodemographic factors, healthcare interventions