Emotional Conditions Research Articles

Effect of Narrative Nursing Intervention on Patients with Specific Digestive Tract Malignancies (Esophageal, Gastric, and Intestinal Cancers): A Retrospective Study.

To explore the effect of narrative nursing intervention on patients with esophageal, gastric, and intestinal cancers. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 103 patients with digestive tract malignant tumors admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024. According to the nursing intervention received by the patients, they were divided into a control group (n=51) and an observation group (n=52). The control group received routine nursing intervention, while the observation group received narrative nursing intervention in addition to the routine nursing intervention. The compliance behavior, negative emotional status, self-perceived burden, quality of life, and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. After intervention, the observation group showed higher scores in medication, exercise, dietary, and emotional regulation adherence than the control group (P<0.05). Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) for negative emotions decreased in both groups, with a greater reduction in the observation group (P<0.05). Economic, physical, and emotional burden levels also decreased more in the observation group (P<0.05). Quality of life scores in physiological, social/family, emotional, and functional conditions improved more in the observation group (P<0.05). Adverse reactions, including nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pain, gastrointestinal reactions, and insomnia, were less frequent in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Narrative nursing intervention for patients with digestive tract malignant tumors can effectively improve patient compliance behavior, alleviate negative emotions, reduce self-perceived burden, promote the improvement of patient quality of life, and reduce the occurrence of related adverse reactions. However, the study is limited by its small sample size and single-center design, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Further research with larger and more diverse populations is recommended.

Studi Tentang Kesulitan Fokus Anak dalam Pembelajaran: Tinjauan Psikologis dan Edukatif

The advancement of technology and the transformation of learning methods in the modern era have brought positive impacts to children's education. However, these developments also pose challenges, including increasingly complex focus difficulties among children. These focus difficulties affect children's academic, social, and emotional aspects. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to focus difficulties, encompassing psychological and educational aspects, and their impact on the learning process. From a psychological perspective, focus difficulties are often linked to emotional conditions such as anxiety and disorders like ADHD. Meanwhile, educational factors include teaching methods, curricula, and less conducive learning environments. This research employs a literature review method, with data collection conducted by searching, reading, analyzing, and citing relevant information from available literature. The data obtained is analyzed using a content analysis approach. This study highlights the importance of a holistic approach, both through psychological interventions and adjustments in teaching methods, to create a learning environment that supports children's focus abilities. The findings are expected to serve as a foundation for educators, parents, and psychologists in supporting children's optimal development through interactive and adaptive learning strategies.

CardioPRINT: Biometric identification based on the individual characteristics derived from the cardiogram

ObjectiveThis paper investigates the potential of cardiogram-derived traits from electrocardiogram (ECG) and impedance cardiogram (ICG) for biometric identification. Additionally, the influence of induced emotions on cardiogram attributes and their impact on identification accuracy is explored. MethodWe compare 7 machine learning classifiers using a dataset gathered from 202 individuals to identify the highest-performing classifiers. Subsequently, we analyze three different feature sets employing (ECG-only, ICG-only, and both ECG and ICG). Additionally, we investigate the performance of classifiers under altered emotional states to assess classifiers’ robustness. ResultsThe analysis demonstrates that models employed with both ECG and ICG have the highest statistically significant accuracies. The best-performing Random Forest (RF) model using both ECG and ICG achieves an average accuracy of 97.2 %. All models reveal a decrease in classification accuracies (∼13 %) when not trained and tested under identical emotional conditions. ConclusionOur findings suggest that integration of ECG and ICG-based features could increase the accuracy of identification compared to a single-signal-based approach. Although certain models show slight robustness to altered emotional states, the effect of the emotion is evident and future selection of cardiogram-based features, as well as biometric models, should consider emotional responses.

The Measurement of the Medical Personnel Emotional Condition In Relation to Service Performance

This study emphasizes on the service performance of medical personnel in hospitals, one of which is due to the emotional condition of the services of the medical personnel. The research method used is quantitative method related to the emotional condition of the medical personnel measured using Vital Sign. The research subjects consisted of 67 medical personnel, but only 50 returned the google forms. While the relationship between the two used SPSS version 22. The validity test showed that the service performance variable was appropriate or valid variable.The result of the statistical analysis of Non Parametric correlation shows that there is relationship with the result of the normality test of p (sig) 0.01. It is proven that the Service Performance variable is not normal, so the test must use the non-parametric correlation test with Spearman-Rho with the correlation coefficient result of 0.562 with p (sig) 0.000. This means that there is significant relationship between the Emotional Condition variable and the Service Performance variable of the medical personnel. The results of this study prove that when the emotional condition of medical personnel increases, the service performance will decrease, which means that the responsibility for service quality decreases somewhat, dares to take risks for services that are slightly neglected, has service goal that is somewhat less attention, less planning for services, less thinking about feedback from the services provided, and the possibility of less thinking about getting the opportunity to realize services.Penelitian ini menekankan pada kinerja pelayanan tenaga medis di rumah sakit yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh kondisi emosional terhadap pelayanan tenaga medis tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif yang berkaitan dengan kondisi emosional tenaga medis yang diukur dengan menggunakan Vital Sign. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 67 tenaga medis, namun yang mengembalikan google form hanya 50 orang. Sedangkan untuk hubungan keduanya menggunakan SPSS versi 22. Uji validitas menunjukkan bahwa variabel kinerja pelayanan merupakan variabel yang tepat atau valid. Hasil analisis statistik korelasi Non Parametrik menunjukkan adanya hubungan dengan hasil uji normalitas p (sig) 0,01. Hal ini terbukti bahwa variabel Kinerja Pelayanan tidak normal, sehingga pengujian harus menggunakan uji korelasi non parametrik dengan Spearman-Rho dengan hasil koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,562 dengan p (sig) 0,000. Hal ini berarti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel Kondisi Emosional dengan variabel Kinerja Pelayanan Tenaga Medis. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ketika kondisi emosional tenaga medis meningkat maka kinerja pelayanannya akan menurun yang berarti tanggung jawab terhadap mutu pelayanan agak menurun, keberanian mengambil risiko terhadap pelayanan agak kurang diperhatikan, tujuan pelayanan yang agak kurang diperhatikan, kurang merencanakan pelayanan, kurang memikirkan umpan balik dari pelayanan yang diberikan, dan kemungkinan kurang memikirkan untuk mendapatkan kesempatan dalam merealisasikan pelayanan.

The Influence of Negative Affect and Food Stimuli on Cognitive Flexibility in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa.

Inflexible thinking among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) was proposed to reflect difficulties in set-shifting. However, studies assessing set-shifting in AN often find mixed results, especially in adolescent samples. It has been proposed that affective states and exposure to disorder-salient stimuli may modulate executive functions in AN. The current study examined the influence of induced negative emotion on the ability to shift toward or away from a food categorisation task among adolescents with AN. The study included 47 adolescents with AN and 41 healthy adolescents who performed a modified task-switching paradigm. No indication of general set-shifting difficulties among adolescents with AN was found. Nevertheless, the results showed that when negative emotion was induced, adolescents with AN shifted from a non-food categorisation task to a food categorisation task with greater efficiency compared to a neutral emotion condition. Emotion and switch type did not influence set-shifting abilities among healthy adolescents. The findings indicate automatic and more efficient switching towards preoccupation with food among adolescents with AN while experiencing negative emotion. The results emphasise the important role played by situational factors in modulating cognitive abilities in individuals with AN.

Using Virtual Reality Recreation Therapy to Enhance Social Interaction and Well-Being in Homebound Seniors

In view of Singapore’s rapidly ageing population, this study is an exploratory pilot designed to assess the feasibility and potential impact of virtual reality recreation therapy (VRRT) on homebound seniors. A tri-party research partnership was formed between the Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS), NTUC Health Home Care, and Vue Reality Labs. The aim was to explore the benefits of VR recreation therapy for homebound seniors, contributing to the goal of ‘aging in place’. Over two years, a 52-week VR curriculum was developed, featuring social, travel, and cultural topics tailored to the seniors. Five care associates from NTUC Health Home Care received facilitator training by Vue Reality Labs. A total of 71 homebound senior participants aged 50 to 102 engaged in over 1600 session hours during the 52-week trial; 62% had varying levels of dementia. A mixed-methods approach was adopted to explore the general impact and feasibility of VR recreation therapy, incorporating quantitative data on participants’ emotional, social, and cognitive conditions and qualitative data from facilitator interviews. The findings revealed that most senior participants enjoyed the VR sessions, perceiving them to positively impact their overall health and well-being. Caregivers reported improvements in cognitive, social, and emotional functioning of the participants. The positive effects extended to caregivers and facilitators, with renewed relationships and enhanced skills, respectively. The insights and observations gathered from this pilot study will serve as a foundation for designing a more robust study for deploying the VR recreation therapy programme in senior care.

Predicting Emotional Well-Being in Caregivers of Children with More Complex Special Healthcare Needs

ObjectiveIdentify factors associated with reduced emotional well-being (EWB) among family caregivers of children with more complex special health care needs (SHCN). MethodsWe applied gradient boosted trees (GBTs) to the 2016-2021 National Survey of Children’s Health to identify factors associated with questions assessing (1) global mental health, (2) parental coping, and (3) parental aggravation among family caregivers of children with more complex SHCN. We then conducted adjusted logistic regression and post-hoc margins analyses to describe the relationships between GBT-identified factors and caregiver EWB outcomes. ResultsOur GBT models’ area under the curve (AUC) scores ranged from 0.69-0.77. Among our sample, (1) caregiver reported lack of emotional support, (2) increased levels of frustration and effort in getting their child needed health services, and (3) the presence of child emotional and behavioral conditions were factors associated with reduced caregiver EWB. In margins analyses of adjusted regression models, GBT-identified factors were associated with significantly higher likelihoods of adverse caregiver EWB outcomes. For example, compared to caregivers who reported a source of emotional support, the predicted probabilities of experiencing poor/fair mental health (13.7% vs. 7.8%), reduced parental coping (8.0% vs. 2.1%), and frequently feeling bothered by (9.9% vs. 5.4%) and angry with (3.5% vs. 1.5%) their child were higher among caregivers who lacked emotional support. ConclusionIn addition to enhanced care coordination support, future efforts aiming to improve well-being among family caregivers of children with more complex SHCN could consider targeting caregiver emotional support and/or treatment of child emotional and behavioral conditions.

PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION AS A STRATEGY TO PROMOTE MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDREN

Mental health is a developmental effect, that is, it is the product of the integration of maturation and constitution process; while traumatic events affect the biopsychosocial and emotional conditions of children and their families. Psychological intervention programmes are established in the child population as a prevention strategy in mental health in favor of child, family and resilient wellbeing and protective environments. The objective was to evaluate the effects of a psychological intervention programme applied to children in contexts of adversity. The study was carried out through qualitative research, therefore, it was of the content analysis type, sample by convenience (N=). The following instruments were used in the study: Thematic Apperception Test for Children C.A.T-H (Human) and the Inventory of Adaptive Mechanisms in Responses to CAT. A nonparametric data analysis is performed to establish changes in personality organization, perception of the environment and perception of the family relationship. The data analysis is performed through content analysis. It is established that the pretest and posttest perceptions in relation to personality organization, perception of the environment and perception of the family relationship change positively after the implementation of the intervention programme.

Psychosocial Disorders and Escapism in Nigerian Poetry: A Study of Lara Owoeye’s Time to Sing and Other Poems

Nigerian poetry has consistently responded to issues affecting the country and the people since the pioneer stage to contemporary time. In this instance, the burden of societal failings has propelled the level of social commitment and ideological postures identified in the poetry. However, recent experiences in the socio-political and economic landscape of the Nigerian society seems to have shaped the mentation and emotional condition of contemporary Nigerian poets in a way that calls for a psychological approach to the study of the poets’ creative nuances. Therefore, adopting a descriptive research method and employing relevant psychoanalytic theoretical framework, the study explores how Lara Owoeye's collection, Time to Sing and Other Poems, represents psychosocial disorders and escapism. Through a close reading of the selected poems from the collection, it is discovered that Owoeye employs the resources of language and music like imagery, metaphor, parody, allusion, enjambment, rhyme, tone and other literary devices vis-à-vis the motif of a distressed singer to convey her psychosocial condition. The study also shows that the psychosocial disorders represented in the collection are triggered by memories of bad leadership and harsh socio-economic conditions. In this instance, the poet finds an escape into the world of imagination and emotional recovery through poetic expression. This way, Owoeye's poetry does not only reflect the cultural, historical, and social contexts of the Nigerian society but also offers an understanding of the complex interplay between psychosocial disorders and poetry as an escape mechanism.

Analisis Unsur Intrinsik Puisi “Aku Ingin” Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono

Literary works and poetry have distinctive characteristics in form, language style, and depth of meaning. Literary works include various forms such AS prose, drama, and poetry. The goal is often to describe the conditions of life, social values, character Psychology, and Inspire readers emotions and thoughts. Literary works provide reflection on the human experience and presenting deep interpretation of the surrounding world. This Research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The aim of this study was to analyze intrinsik Elements of Sapardi Djoko Domono's poetry, which then thoroughly describe these 7 Elements, from this study result there are several intrinsic Elements including, 1) Analyze the theme of poetry, 2). Diction, 3). Tone, 4). Imageryi, 5). Language style, 6). Typography). The results of an analyze of intrinsic Elements of poetry that researchers have carried out is a meaning container in the poetry "I want" That describes that by loving someone, we only need to give him happiness and comfort, because with serious simplicity that will have an impact on both love and love.

Impaired emotional multimodal integration in inhibition of return in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Previous studies have shown that children with ADHD have impaired processing of emotional stimuli, but it is unclear whether their ability to integrate multimodal emotional stimuli is impaired and at which processing pathway this impairment exists. The present study investigated the ability of children with ADHD to integrate emotional audiovisual stimuli under different emotional conditions, and the effect of audiovisual integration on IOR to reveal the impaired processing pathway of their emotional audiovisual integration. Fifty-eight school-age children (29 with ADHD and 29 matched typically developing (TD) children) performed an emotional valence discrimination task with a cue-target paradigm. The results showed that children with ADHD did not exhibit audiovisual integration of emotional stimuli in all experimental conditions. In addition, the IOR effect was significantly smaller for audiovisual targets than for visual targets under the negative but not the neutral emotion condition in children with ADHD, whereas this effect was present in all emotion conditions in TD children. These results indicate that the ability to integrate emotional audiovisual information is impaired in children with ADHD and this impairment exists in both bottom-up and top-down pathways. Additionally, although presenting emotional auditory stimuli at the same time as emotional faces reduced IOR both in children with ADHD and TD, the manner of reduction differed. These findings provide new evidence of emotional processing deficits and multimodal integration deficits in children with ADHD, and help provide support for children in educational settings.

Emotions and interactive tangible tools for math achievement in primary schools.

Acquiring mathematical concepts is crucial for students' academic achievements, future prospects and overall well-being. This study explores the role of emotions in a symbolic number comparison task and the impact of the use of a tangible tool. Fifty-nine healthy children aged 6 to 7 years participated in a between-subject study with two conditions for the modality, digital tools vs the use of pen and paper, and two conditions for emotions, positive vs neutral. The study provided evidence that positive emotions can improve task efficiency for pen and paper modality, and the use of the digital tool improves task efficiency with both positive and negative emotions. These findings suggest that addressing emotional factors before engaging in a symbolic task can enhance learning and that interactive technology may give a more significant benefit to students with less positive attitudes toward the task. Incorporating effective teaching methodologies that utilize tangible devices within a positive emotional context can foster engagement and achievement in mathematics, optimizing students' learning experiences.

Peran Guru dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPS di Sekolah Dasar

Education is closely related to learning activities. In the entire educational process at school, learning activities are the most basic activities, which means that the success or failure of achieving educational goals depends on the learning process experienced by students as students in each school. In social studies learning, teachers are not only required to provide knowledge to students in mastering concepts related to social life and the environment. More than that, social studies teachers are expected to be able to equip students to make efforts to increase their knowledge. Therefore, thr role of teacher in improve social studies learning in elementary schools are very important to build an advanced generation in the future. he aim of this research is to increase students' interest in learning social studies in elementary schools. This research methodology uses a qualitative approach with the type of research being library research. The results of this research show that the teacher's role in increasing students' interest in learning in social studies subjects includes the use of media, organizing the class and stimulating to create an attitude of student participation in social studies subjects from all the teacher's roles above, that what they do is in accordance with the model participatory learning. There are several factors that support teachers when learning, including: the best possible and effective use of technology, good emotional condition of students, supportive environmental conditions, good quality teachers. And some of the inhibiting factors include a distance learning system that is less effective, technological constraints, namely slow internet network, poor emotional condition

The adverse dyadic friendship (ADF): An exploratory retrospective view of female adolescents.

Friendships of adolescent girls play a significant role in providing socio-emotional support and enabling the attainment of developmental tasks. The present exploratory paper focuses on an aspect of close friendships that has yet to be widely examined, which we described as the Adverse Dyadic Friendship (ADF). This is a friendship whose negative elements are perceived from the distance of time as outweighing its positive ones. To examine the features of ADF, a qualitative study based on retrospective data obtained from 34 young adult females (Mage = 31.14, SD = 5.59) was conducted in Israel. Using a semi-structured online questionnaire, participants were asked to address a specific close same-sex friendship they had during their middle or high school years that has negatively affected them. The emerging themes (such as negative feelings and various coping strategies) suggest that ADF comprises an intense emotional condition, having implications on the development of individuals' self-perception. The consequences of ADF may be detrimental to adolescent girls' self-worth and friendship skills and extend into their adult life. Whereas the developmental literature emphasizes the positive aspects of friendship for adolescent girls, this study points out how ADF can also become a developmental challenge for them: on the one hand, ADF comprises a risk factor for their socio-emotional development, and on the other hand, presents an opportunity to learn and introduce changes in their lives. The main contribution of this paper is that ADF can stimulate further research on the complex aspects of friendship between adolescent girls.

Health Behavioural Status of Gender Differences in Older People

Aging is a universal phenomenon with no single definition, varying across cultures, time, and space. The health and well-being of older adults are significantly influenced by their behaviors, which often vary by gender. These differences can impact physical health, mental health, and overall quality of life. This study explores the health behavioral status of older adults, focusing on gender differences and how these disparities affect their health indicators. Such changes impact the health status of older people, making it harder for them to manage daily tasks and access healthcare. Conducted in Dhangadhi Sub-Metropolitan City, Kailali District, Nepal, this study aims to understand the socio-economic and health status of older people. Objectives include examining gender differences in health behavior among the elderly in this region. Gender differences in health behaviors among older adults significantly impact their health. Women engage more in preventive behaviors and seek healthcare services, while men engage in riskier behaviors and underutilize services. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective, gender-specific interventions to improve older adults' health and well-being. Gender differences were significant, with males showing a higher percentage of better health compared to females, and females showing slightly higher rates of bad health compared to males. Vision problems were prevalent, with a majority reporting no issues, some reporting minor problems, and a smaller portion having normal vision. Significant vision problems were reported by a notable fraction of respondents. Respiratory diseases were more prevalent among males than females, indicating a significant gender association. Gout or knee pain was more common in females than males, also showing a significant gender difference. Diabetes affected a larger portion of males compared to females, indicating a significant gender association. Blood pressure issues were slightly more prevalent in males compared to females, showing a significant gender association. Emotional health conditions such as grief, depression, and sadness showed significant gender differences, with females more likely to experience these issues.

Child care for young children with disabilities.

More than half (56%) of Canadian children aged 0 to 5 years are in non-parental child care, but data on child care attendance among children with disabilities is limited. This study examines child care participation among young children with disabilities in Canada, with a focus on different disability types. Analyses were conducted on 1,189 children aged 0 to 5 years identified with disabilities from Statistics Canada's 2023 Survey on Early Learning and Child Care Arrangements - Children with Long-term Conditions and Disabilities. Rates of child care participation, difficulties finding child care, difficulties within child care, and whether parents reported that their child had ever been denied a child care space because of their condition were examined. Logistic regression models tested for differences in the main child care arrangement and difficulty finding child care based on the child's disability while controlling for sociodemographic variables. Among children aged 0 to 5 years with disabilities, 45% attended a daycare centre, preschool, centre de la petite enfance, or before or after school care as their main child care arrangement; 17% attended another type of child care, such as a family child care home or care by a relative; and 38% did not regularly attend non-parental child care. The parents of nearly half of children with disabilities reported difficulty finding a child care arrangement, particularly for children with emotional conditions. Close to 1 in 10 parents of children with disabilities who were using child care reported that their child had been denied a child care space because of their condition. These findings highlight the need for information to support inclusive policies, practices, and resources for children with disabilities within the Canada-wide early learning and child care system.

The mediating effect of problem-focused coping on the relationship between emotional clarity and mental health among older adults.

Individuals who can recognize emotions well are better able to identify and accept their feelings and manage them. This study examined the mediation of problem-focused coping in the pathway through which emotional clarity predicts higher life satisfaction and lower depression in older adults. In total, 150 older adults (75 male and 75 female, aged 60-69 years, with a mean of 64.53 [SD = 2.49]) participated in a face-to-face survey, answering questions on emotional clarity, problem-focused coping, life satisfaction, and depression. Emotional clarity was associated with higher life satisfaction and lower depression in older adults. People who were aware of their emotions well were in better emotional condition. Mediation analysis revealed that problem-focused coping mediated the positive relationship between emotional clarity and life satisfaction and the negative relationship between emotional clarity and depression. Older adults who understand their own emotions tend to deal with emotional events in a problem-focused manner, leading to high life satisfaction and low depression. This study identifies cognitive conditions for increasing life satisfaction and preventing depression in later life and offers suggestions for personal and social efforts to maintain mental health.

A study of the relationship between human thermal comfort and negative emotions in quarantine environments

The thermal environment is closely related to emotion. The thermal environment affects emotional experiences and can enhance them by adjusting its parameters. This study examines three common negative emotions—boredom, anxiety, and irritability—in a controlled environment. We experimentally investigated how these emotions affect thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and physiological parameters under varying temperature and humidity conditions. Results indicated that emotions significantly influenced thermal sensation (TSV) and thermal comfort (TCV) under moderate to high humidity conditions, demonstrating how temperature and humidity moderate the relationship between emotion and thermal comfort. Changes in physiological parameters further reveal how the interaction between emotion and environmental conditions affects physiological responses. A regression model was created using the response surface method to analyze thermal comfort in relation to temperature and humidity under different emotions, identifying the optimal indoor conditions as 22.8 °C and 46.7 % humidity. These findings help reduce negative emotions, improve thermal comfort, enhance our understanding of human thermal comfort, and provide scientific guidance for managing negative emotions during public health emergencies.

‘Shultsloze Ferpeynikte Neshomes’ – ‘Vulnerable, Tormented Souls’: Gendered Wounds, Sexualized Violence, and Jewish Masculinity in the Yiddish Testimonies of the Sonderkommando in Auschwitz-Birkenau

ABSTRACT This article focuses on an eyewitness account titled ‘Di 3000 Nakete’ – ‘The 3000 Naked Ones’ by Leyb Langfus, which is part of the Yiddish testimonies of the Sonderkommando. My case study aims to engage with the issues of gendered violence (sexualized, physical, psychological, and spiritual) and the male gaze. The article explores the dynamics between the male Sonderkommando members and the female prisoners, arguing that the men responded to the tormented women within the context of their Jewish masculinity. This response was ambiguous and contradictory, communicating their power as well as their despair and powerlessness. Narratives of Jewish masculinity during the Khurbm often neglect to evaluate the range of Jewish male victims’ responses and choices. In his text, Langfus aims to comprehend the mental and emotional conditions in which the Sonderkommando prisoners and the female prisoners found themselves, illustrating the interactions between the two groups. I argue that the Yiddish Sonderkommando testimonies exemplify the intricate and ambivalent nature of Jewish masculinity. They provide a complex example of how gender influences one’s understanding of acts of violence, including the roles of both perpetrators and victims. The responses of the Jewish male Sonderkommando challenge our current perceptions and assumptions about Jewish masculinity during the Khurbm.

A diagnostic study on the application of segmental somatosensory evoked potential examination to acquired premature ejaculation.

Premature ejaculation (PE), affecting approximate 5%, has an unclear pathogenesis, limited treatment efficacy, and a lack of effective diagnostic methods. This prospective diagnostic study aimed to compare segmental dorsal penile nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (DNSEP) differences among patients with acquired premature ejaculation (APE), primary premature ejaculation (PPE), and healthy controls. This prospective diagnostic study examined patients suffering from PE who visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Urology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 1, 2022 to February 28, 2023. According to the definition of PE by the ISSM, 16 cases comprised the healthy control group, 31 in the APE group, and 28 in the PPE group. Each group was examined based on the segmental DNSEP with electrodes recording at multiple locations (the selected location was at the Cz and the C7). The latency time of the evoked potential obtained at Cz was P40, and that obtained at C7 was P30. The P30/P40 ratios of P40, P30, and DNSEP wave amplitudes at C7 and Cz were compared among the 3 groups of patients. No group differences were found in P40 latency at Cz. However, PPE showed higher DNSEP amplitude at Cz, while APE showed lower amplitudes compared with controls. Both APE and PPE had significantly shorter P30 latency at C7 than controls. SEP amplitude at C7 was similar in APE and PPE but lower than in controls. The P30/P40 ratio was lower in APE compared with PPE and controls. Segmental SEP may offer more assistance in localizing neurological lesions, potentially guiding clinical treatment. In this study, the innovative use of the P30/P40 ratio was proposed, maintaining consistency in emotional states and measurement conditions for the same patient. However, limitations include a restricted number of patient cases and challenges in obtaining a diverse control group, potentially introducing bias. In addition, not considering subclinical premature ejaculation and the comorbidity of PE + ED (LCEE) in patient stratification is another limitation of this study. Results suggest a correlation between secondary PE and underlying conditions, such as obesity and lumbar spine injuries. The study validates multi-site somatosensory-evoked potential examination for locating neural lesions but acknowledges the need for future invasive needle electrode AEP testing to analyze neuropathological changes more comprehensively. In conclusion, segmental DNSEP examination aids in localizing neuropathy in APE patients, and the P30/P40 ratio proves more accurate in diagnosing APE than P40 alone.