Emotional Assistance Research Articles

Human-Robot Interaction and Social Robot: The Emerging Field of Healthcare Robotics and Current and Future Perspectives for Spinal Care.

Recent advances in robotics technology and artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked increased interest in humanoid robots that resemble humans and social robots capable of interacting socially. Alongside this trend, a new field of robot research called human-robot interaction (HRI) is gaining prominence. The aim of this review paper is to introduce the fundamental concepts of HRI and social robots, examine their current applications in the medical field, and discuss the current and future prospects of HRI and social robots in spinal care. HRI is an interdisciplinary field where robotics, AI, social sciences, design, and various disciplines collaborate organically to develop robots that successfully interact with humans as the ultimate goal. While social robots are not yet widely deployed in clinical environments, ongoing HRI research encompasses various areas such as nursing and caregiving support, social and emotional assistance, rehabilitation and cognitive enhancement for the elderly, medical information provision and education, as well as patient monitoring and data collection. Although still in its early stages, research related to spinal care includes studies on robotic support for rehabilitation exercises, assistance in gait training, and questionnaire-based assessments for spinal pain. Future applications of social robots in spinal care will require diverse HRI research efforts and active involvement from spinal specialists.

Culture, tradition and healthcare: exploring the Kisiizi Community Health Insurance scheme

In southwestern Uganda, a custom of health and social support has been managed through collective organizations known as engozi for centuries. Subscribers advanced help for those who were not able to provide for themselves and their households. Participants pooled financial and food resources, offered emotional assistance, and aided in transporting patients to hospitals. The institution of “free government health amenities” caused the decline of the engozi custom. However, with an insufficient annual health sector budget allocation, the state health services cannot satisfactorily meet the needs. The Kisiizi neighborhood, while depending on the engozi practice, arrived at a CHI system in 1996 as a self-help innovation to eliminate financial obstacles and enhance access to quality health amenities. Numerous studies on CHI have examined the structure, registration and memberships, health-related advantages, and monetary-related benefits, but little has been documented on how cultural beliefs and customs have affected its application. This study aimed to identify the role of culture and customs in tackling healthcare disparities via a CHI strategy. This study adopted a case study methodology and qualitative methods. The study utilizes Woolcock’s social capital theory and Cultural competence theory as the analytical framework. It identifies Brotherhood, Solidarity, Belonging, Cooperation, Volunteering, Reciprocity, and Respect for Authority and Leaders as key values upheld by the engozi tradition, strengthening social capital and laying a solid foundation for successful CHI. This study also identified that societal values and traditions have significantly impacted the implementation of the Kisiizi CHI scheme, as evidenced by the influence on CHI leadership and governance, collecting premium fees from subscribers, mobilization and registration of participants, and information dissemination. Lastly, the study identified that CHI has positively affected healthcare challenges within the community, evidenced by increased utilization of healthcare services, improved access to antenatal care, health promotion and disease prevention initiatives, and improved quality of services due to user feedback.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Orthopedic Patients’ Emotional Distress: Moderated Effects of Family and Friends’ Support

Abstract Background: Research indicates that the psychological well-being of orthopedic patients can benefit from a robust social support system that offers emotional assistance both before and after surgery. However, the impact of social networks on mental health outcomes remains inconclusive due to variations in availability. Objectives: This study investigated the influence of support from family and friends in the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotional distress among orthopedic patients in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study employed a hospital-based research design, using the 17-item PTSD self-report measure (PCL-C) and depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21) to assess psychological distress and dimensions of social support from friends and family, involving 542 orthopedic patients from the National Orthopedic Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Results: The findings revealed a significant association between PTSD and emotional distress (β = 0.866; t = 9.245; P < 0.001). Family support was found to exacerbate emotional distress among orthopedic patients (β = 0.448; t = 4.176; P < 0.001), while support from friends showed an inverse effect on emotional distress (β = −0.310; t = −2.880; P < 0.01). Moreover, moderation analysis indicated that high family support reduces the effect of PTSD on emotional distress for orthopedic patients (β = −0.035; t = −3.539; [CI: −0.055, −0.016], P < 0.01). Conclusion: The study recommends prompt intervention for orthopedic patients to enhance their well-being by leveraging the available support from family and friends to alleviate the emotional distress associated with PTSD. Additionally, it underscores the importance of educating families and friends of orthopedic patients on their role in supporting the patient’s recovery journey.

Comprehensive management of a child with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease undergoing stem cell transplantation: a case report

An uncommon immunodeficiency disease known as X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) has been associated with severe immunological dysfunction and a high susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. This case report describes a four-year-old boy who had X-linked lymphoproliferative illness and died from multiple system organ failure (MSOF) after receiving treatment with a haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant (halo-HSCT). While providing care in such circumstances, rational-based care, prompt identification, primary nursing care, health education, and emotional assistance for parents of individuals with X-linked lymphoproliferative diseases are vital.

Beyond testimony: early recounting and active listening at a boarding school for young Holocaust survivors in Sweden 1946–1948

ABSTRACT Many documentation initiatives and collections of testimonies were initiated in the immediate postwar period. This article delves into one such initiative. It focuses on the practice of early recounting and active listening at boarding school for young Holocaust survivors in Sweden. The article explores, by a close reading of an article authored by one of the teachers and eight full-length essays from the students, both the teacher's perspectives on the young survivors’ need for certain education and emotional assistance and the survivors’ early reflections on the experiences of recounting, education, survival and life the first years after the Holocaust.

Neglect of Young Widowed Women in Bojonegoro Regency

This research aimed to determine the neglect experienced by young widows in Bojonegoro Regency and the efforts needed to improve their circumstances. 80% of widows are young widows under 35 years old. In reality, Young widows in Bojonegoro are often ignored by their families, society and government. This research used Erich Fromm’s theory to find the realities of young widows and the forms of neglect they receive. This research used qualitative methods by collecting data using purposive sampling and interviewing widows aged 26-35. The results of the research are that young widows in Bojonegoro Regency experience neglect because society and the government are more focused on providing support and attention to their children, not to the widowed themselves. Community treatment is also different between widows because their husbands die and divorce. The biggest problem that burdens young widows is economic problems. Efforts to increase the government’s and society’s awareness of young widowed women can be made in three ways: providing financial assistance, emotional assistance and providing decent work opportunities. The hope of implementing this research is to reduce the neglect of women, especially young widows in Bojonegoro Regency, and increase concern for them so that they are able to be more economically independent and play a role in society. Keywords: Neglect; Young widow; Awareness

Short‐term changes in financial situation have immediate mental health consequences: Implications for social policy

AbstractPoverty is associated with psychological variables such as increased anxiety, increased depression, steeper time discounting and greater risk aversion. However, less is known about whether short‐term changes in financial circumstances are coupled to immediate psychological responses. We present data from the Changing Cost of Living study, in which panels of adults in France (n = 232) and the UK (n = 240) completed financial and psychological surveys every month for a year (September 2022–August 2023). We found the expected overall socioeconomic gradients in anxiety, depression and time discounting. In addition, monthly fluctuations in financial situation were associated with fluctuations in depression, anxiety and risk preference. Increases in essential costs, considered separately from fluctuations in income, had an immediate impact on depression. Social support, the instrumental and emotional assistance derivable from one's social network, buffered the effects of short‐term financial fluctuations on depression and time discounting, but did not mitigate the overall gradients. We conclude that declines in income or increases in the cost of living have immediate and measurable psychological impacts, which must be borne in mind in the formulation and evaluation of social policy.

Effects of Social Support on Academic Resilience of Undergraduate Students

The current study aims at investigating the effect of social support on the academic resilience of undergraduate students. Students experience multiple academic challenges due to their transition to higher education. These challenges pave way for social support to significantly reduce stressful academic experiences to foster persistence among the learners. The support experiences by students focuses on informational support, esteem support, motivational support, and venting support. These support experiences facilitate students in resolving academic issues while preparing for their assignments, quizzes and exams. The current research used causal comparative research to study the above-mentioned constructs. The multistage stratified sampling technique was used to draw the sample (n=600) of undergraduate students from Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU). The findings of the study revealed that social support significantly influence academic resilience (p= .000) and its sub constructs perseverance (p= .000), reflective and adaptive-help seeking (p= .000), and negative affect and emotional response (p= .000). Furthermore, esteem support, motivational support, and venting support significantly influence academic resilience (p= .000) of students. It can be concluded that students experience high levels of social support in sorting their academic problems and receiving emotional assistance. It can be further suggested that interactive learning strategies should be adopted for thorough understanding of concepts and ensuring hands-on experiences for students to instill soft/digital skills.

Exploring Parents’ Everyday Experiences With Digital Media: Barriers and Opportunities for Digital Inclusion

This article presents qualitative research findings on parents’ digital media practices. Through 32 in-depth interviews with parents of 0–6-year-olds in French-speaking Belgium, the study addresses digital inclusion by exploring the diverse ways parents experience and benefit (or not) from digital media. Our research uncovers the dual nature of digital media use in parenting, presenting both advantageous and problematic outcomes across four dialectical dimensions. Our work sheds light on how digital media can (a) offer informational support or constitute an informational challenge, (b) provide emotional assistance or cause emotional struggles, (c) grant access to social support or contribute to social pressures, and (d) serve as a tool for the daily organisation or complicate daily life. Our article also investigates the factors associated with either positive or negative outcomes. We show the role of personal, situational, social, and normative factors. To conclude, we identify strategies for childcare and parenting support professionals to promote digital inclusion among parents by addressing barriers to positive experiences and outcomes related to the use of digital media. By integrating the outcomes of parents’ experiences with digital media into discussions of digital inclusion, this article contributes to a comprehensive approach to promoting digital equity beyond questions of access and skills. It calls for user-centric strategies that consider the diverse experiences and concrete outcomes associated with digital media use and emphasises the importance of supporting parents and families regarding these tools.

Assessing the needs of patients with breast cancer and their families across various treatment phases using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation model: a text-mining approach to online health communities.

This study aimed to assess the different needs of patients with breast cancer and their families in online health communities at different treatment phases using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. Using Python, breast cancer-related posts were collected from two online health communities: patient-to-patient and patient-to-doctor. After data cleaning, eligible posts were categorized based on the treatment phase. Subsequently, an LDA model identifying the distinct need-related topics for each phase of treatment, including data preprocessing and LDA topic modeling, was established. Additionally, the demographic and interactive features of the posts were manually analyzed. We collected 84,043 posts, of which 9504 posts were included after data cleaning. Early diagnosis and rehabilitation treatment phases had the highest and lowest number of posts, respectively. LDA identified 11 topics: three in the initial diagnosis phase and two in each of the remaining treatment phases. The topics included disease outcomes, diagnosis analysis, treatment information, and emotional support in the initial diagnosis phase; surgical options and outcomes, postoperative care, and treatment planning in the perioperative treatment phase; treatment options and costs, side effects management, and disease prognosis assessment in the non-operative treatment phase; diagnosis and treatment options, disease prognosis, and emotional support in the relapse and metastasis treatment phase; and follow-up and recurrence concerns, physical symptoms, and lifestyle adjustments in the rehabilitation treatment phase. The needs of patients with breast cancer and their families differ across various phases of cancer therapy. Therefore, specific information or emotional assistance should be tailored to each phase of treatment based on the unique needs of patients and their families.

Study on Class Management Change and Teacher Orientation under the Vision of Artificial Intelligence

With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), class management is experiencing unprecedented changes, but it is also facing certain risks and tests. It is of great practical significance to clarify the class management changes and teacher orientation under the vision of AI. Since the application of AI in the field of education, class management has realized the burden reduction and efficiency increase under the ability of technology, and has changed from the traditional mode of standardization, one-sided and unitization to a personalized, systematic and diversified intelligent mode, which provides great convenience for the management of class teachers. However, at the same time, the rise of AI has also caused a series of dilemmas such as the disclosure of students’ privacy and the challenge of the main value, which has put forward higher requirements for teachers’ literacy, positioning and management. Based on this, this paper puts forward the orientation of teachers in class management under the vision of AI. Teachers should improve their intelligent application literacy and boost the level of class management. Teachers should reasonably reflect on intelligent technology and grasp the applicable management situation. Teachers should fill the gaps in intelligent management and pay attention to humanistic emotional assistance to promote the positive integration of AI and class management.

The impact of grandparenting on mental health among rural middle-aged and older adults in China: exploring the role of children's support.

In the rural regions of China, characterized by a pronounced aging demographic and limited resources, a substantial proportion of middle-aged and older adults engage in grandparenting roles. Yet, the literature lacks consistent evidence regarding the effects of grandparenting on the mental health of this cohort. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the impact of grandparenting on the mental health of rural middle-aged and older adults, as well as the underlying mechanisms. This analysis encompassed 10,881 middle-aged and older adults, utilizing data from the 2018 Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The mental health of participants was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression-10 (CESD-10) scale, while support from children was categorized into financial and emotional types. The study employed logistic and OLS regression models to identify the mediating role of child support and utilized the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method for decomposing this mediating effect. The findings demonstrated that grandparenting had a significant negative impact on depression among rural middle-aged and older adults. Furthermore, children's support played a vital role in mediating this relationship, accounting for approximately one-third of the overall influence. Moreover, the decomposition analysis revealed that both emotional and economic support from adult children equally contributed to the declination of depression among rural middle-aged and older adults. Grandparenting significantly enhances mental well-being in rural middle-aged and older adults, with the support from adult children serving as a vital pathway for this positive impact. Both economic and emotional assistance from children hold equal importance in this dynamic. It underscores the necessity of fortifying the family support system to amplify the support provided by children, which in turn could significantly enhance the mental health of rural middle-aged and older adults.

The experiences and support needs of applicants who go unmatched to genetic counseling graduate programs: An exploratory qualitative study.

As interest in the profession of genetic counseling continues to grow, the number of applications received by accredited genetic counseling graduate programs far outweighs the number of available training positions. In the 2023 application cycle, 46% of applicants who participated in the genetic counseling match went unmatched. There is limited research surrounding the experiences of unmatched candidates. The aims of this qualitative study were to highlight the experience of not matching and reapplying and to identify support resources for the genetic counseling admissions process. We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with individuals who had previously applied to genetic counseling graduate programs, not matched, and were in the process of reapplying. Through reflexive thematic analysis, five major themes were conceptualized: (1) Emotional navigation through the stages of the match process; (2) external perceptions surrounding going unmatched and disclosure of results; (3) experiencing stagnancy throughout applying and reapplying; (4) advances in knowledge and personal growth; (5) areas for increased supports and resources. This study has shed light on emotional and practical challenges faced by individuals who did not match with genetic counseling graduate programs and chose to reapply. The participants' experiences highlighted the need for enhanced support, especially in terms of emotional assistance and program feedback. They also underscored the importance of standardization and transparency in the application process. This research offers valuable insights for genetic counseling programs and organizations seeking to enhance the reapplicant experience and address the evolving needs of prospective candidates in the genetic counseling profession.

Perceived social support and quality of life in endometrial cancer patients: a longitudinal study.

This study aimed to assess the influence of medical history, perceived physician-patient communication, and perceived social support on changes in the quality of life (QoL) during the first year of follow-up in patients undergoing surgery for endometrial cancer (EC), the most prevalent gynecological cancer in Western countries, especially in Central and Eastern Europe and North America. This prospective longitudinal study included 98 EC patients. All participants completed the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) one month and one year after surgery. Additionally, one month after surgery, they responded to a questionnaire designed by the researchers concerning the key aspects of physician-patient communication. Our findings revealed that patients reporting high social support one month after surgery demonstrated significantly improved emotional well-being (EWB) at both one month and one year after the surgery, with statistically significant higher scores in the dimension of EWB (p<0.05). The support from a significant other at one year correlates with greater PF (p<0.005), fewer limitations due to physical health (p<0.05), less pain (p<0.05), less fatigue (p<0.05), and better general and EWB (p<0.05). This study underscores the significance of perceived social support for patients cross endometrial cancer. The multifaceted nature of social support, encompassing emotional assistance and information sharing, emerges as a pivotal factor aiding patients in confronting the challenges inherent to EC. This form of support contributes to bolstering psychological well-being and enhancing overall QoL.

Digital Voices in Early Days: Analysing Local Government Social Media Approaches to Risk Communication during the Initial Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This study evaluates the communication strategies utilised by local governmental bodies in Indonesia concerning the risk communication associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted on the impact of these communication approaches in promoting public engagement. In this study, we collected a dataset consisting of 1,577 tweets that originated from five different local governments in Indonesia. This dataset was obtained using web crawling techniques and was intended to be used for content analysis purposes. The findings of this study demonstrate that local governments employ a diverse range of risk communication strategies. This encompasses the distribution of medical knowledge, protocols for maintaining health, frequent reports on the COVID-19 status in different areas, governmental measures, initiatives for public education, community engagement endeavours, information about accessible assistance, enforcement of regulations, provision of emotional assistance, and promotion of collaborative efforts. The findings of this research demonstrate that some forms of content, such as narratives or testimonies from individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 or medical experts, public awareness campaigns related to COVID-19, and interactive quizzes or activities, have a significant coefficient of determination. This discovery implies that the material above has generated substantial attention and involvement from the general public. Keywords: COVID-19, risk communication, social media, Indonesia, communication strategies.

고령장애인의 건강상태가 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향

This study aims to verify the controlled mediating effect of social support in the effect of the health status of the elderly with disabilities on life satisfaction through depression. To this end, data from the third panel of the disability and Life dynamics (2020) were used, and the subjects of the study were selected from 3,063 elderly with disabilities aged 50 or older. As an analysis method, SPSS 23.0 and Macro Process for SPSS were used to verify the Moderated mediating effect. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was verified that depression has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly with disabilities. Second, it was verified that there is a moderating effect of social support in the relationship between the health status and depression of the elderly with disabilities. Third, the social support of the elderly with disabilities has been verified to moderate the indirect effect of health status on life satisfaction through depression. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that a support system should be established for the provision of care and healthcare services for the elderly with disabilities, alongside the implementation of programs that activate social support for psychological and emotional assistance. Additionally, it is recommended that there should be an improvement in long-term service accessibility and the establishment of a support system that enables integrated services within the living area.

Application of a Digital Mental Health Clinic in Secondary Schools: Functionality and Effectiveness Evaluation.

Adolescents experience relatively more stress than other populations as they are facing rapid physical changes and adapting to complex social environments. However, access for this population to professional service providers is limited. Therefore, there is an increasing need for access to mental health services and new mental health care resources tailored to adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functionality and effectiveness of a school digital mental health clinic (DMHC) created by a Chinese psychiatric hospital and provided to secondary school students for a trial. The trial period of the DMHC was from January to July 2021 at three secondary schools in Taizhou City, China. Under a collaborative agreement between the local educational bureau and provider, use of the DMHC was free to all students, teachers, and staff of the schools. The functionality of the DMHC was compared with existing digital health interventions introduced in the literature and its effectiveness was quantitatively analyzed in terms of the volume of received counseling calls, number of calls per 100 students, length and time of calls, and reasons for the calls. The mini course video views were analyzed by topics and viewing time. The design functions of the DMHC are well aligned with required factors defined in the literature. The first advantage of this DMHC is its high accessibility to students in the three schools. All functions of the DMHC are free to use by students, thereby eliminating the economic barriers to seeking and receiving care. Students can receive virtual counseling during or after regular working hours. Acceptability of the DHMC was further ensured by the full support from a national top-tier mental health facility. Any audio or video call from a student user would connect them to a live, qualified professional (ie, a psychiatrist or psychologist). Options are provided to view and listen to resources for stress relief or tips to help address mental health needs. The major reasons for the counseling calls included difficulties in learning, interpersonal relationships, and emotional distress. The three topics with the highest level of interest for the mini course videos were emotional assistance, personal growth, and family member relationships. The DMHC served as an effective tool for crisis prevention and intervention during nonworking hours as most of the live calls and mini video viewing occurred after school or over the weekend. Furthermore, the DMHC helped three students at high risk for suicide and self-injury through live-call intervention. The DMHC is an effective complementary solution to improve access to professional mental health care facilities, especially during nonworking hours, thereby helping adolescents meet their mental health needs. Extension of the DMHC into more schools and other settings is recommended.

Does School Counselors’ Self-efficacy to Work with Gifted Students Fed by Their Knowledge and Perception regarding Giftedness

The unique characteristics constituting giftedness make gifted students quite different from other same age peers and differieniate their psychological needs. School counselors have critical roles in providing effective and emotional assistance to those gifted students. School counselors’ self-efficacy is an important factor in serving both gifted students and non-gifted students. Thus, the current cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether school counselors' knowledge and perceptions of the gifted students predict counselors' self-efficacy to work with this specific group after controlling for work experience. The sample comprised 118 Turkish psychological counselors actively engaged in psychological counseling practices in school settings in Elazığ, Turkey. As data collection tools, School Counselors' Knowledge, Perception, and Self-Efficacy Scales regarding gifted students, and a demographic form were used. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied to examine predictive associations. Results demonsrated that counselors' work experience, knowledge, and perceptions regarding gifted students were found as significant predictors and explained the 44% of the total variance in their self-efficacy to work with gifted students. By increasing self-efficacy levels of school counselors to work with gifted students and possibility of better counseling and assistance, the current study showed the importance of enhanced knowledge and perceptions towards gifted students.

The Potential of Chatbots for Emotional Support and Promoting Mental Well-Being in Different Cultures: Mixed Methods Study.

Artificial intelligence chatbot research has focused on technical advances in natural language processing and validating the effectiveness of human-machine conversations in specific settings. However, real-world chat data remain proprietary and unexplored despite their growing popularity, and new analyses of chatbot uses and their effects on mitigating negative moods are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated whether and how artificial intelligence chatbots facilitate the expression of user emotions, specifically sadness and depression. We also examined cultural differences in the expression of depressive moods among users in Western and Eastern countries. This study used SimSimi, a global open-domain social chatbot, to analyze 152,783 conversation utterances containing the terms "depress" and "sad" in 3 Western countries (Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 5 Eastern countries (Indonesia, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand). Study 1 reports new findings on the cultural differences in how people talk about depression and sadness to chatbots based on Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count and n-gram analyses. In study 2, we classified chat conversations into predefined topics using semisupervised classification techniques to better understand the types of depressive moods prevalent in chats. We then identified the distinguishing features of chat-based depressive discourse data and the disparity between Eastern and Western users. Our data revealed intriguing cultural differences. Chatbot users in Eastern countries indicated stronger emotions about depression than users in Western countries (positive: P<.001; negative: P=.01); for example, Eastern users used more words associated with sadness (P=.01). However, Western users were more likely to share vulnerable topics such as mental health (P<.001), and this group also had a greater tendency to discuss sensitive topics such as swear words (P<.001) and death (P<.001). In addition, when talking to chatbots, people expressed their depressive moods differently than on other platforms. Users were more open to expressing emotional vulnerability related to depressive or sad moods to chatbots (74,045/148,590, 49.83%) than on social media (149/1978, 7.53%). Chatbot conversations tended not to broach topics that require social support from others, such as seeking advice on daily life difficulties, unlike on social media. However, chatbot users acted in anticipation of conversational agents that exhibit active listening skills and foster a safe space where they can openly share emotional states such as sadness or depression. The findings highlight the potential of chatbot-assisted mental health support, emphasizing the importance of continued technical and policy-wise efforts to improve chatbot interactions for those in need of emotional assistance. Our data indicate the possibility of chatbots providing helpful information about depressive moods, especially for users who have difficulty communicating emotions to other humans.

Teachers’ Perception and Effectiveness of Behaviour Modification Techniques in Ojo Lgea of Lagos State

The study investigated teachers’ perception and effectiveness of various behavior modification techniques employed by teachers in treating maladaptive behaviors among pupils in basic schools in Ojo Local Government Education Authority (LGEA) of Lagos State. Mixed research methodologies such as focus group discussions, interviews and questionnaire were used to collect information from respondents. Population included teachers in selected schools in the LGEA. A sample size of 100 respondents was selected. In each of the five selected schools, twenty respondents were selected as samples. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from different strata. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test hypotheses. Results revealed that, there is significant relationship between male and female teachers’ perception in the use of behavior modification techniques in the classroom. This means that respondents have positive reactions to behavior modification and its effectiveness as counseling technique in reducing maladaptive behaviors among pupils in the study area. In addition, empirical analyses from our findings revealed that, commending a covetous pupil made him to start attending lessons, promising a covetous a joke any day he comes to school will encourage him/her to come often. This by implication showed significant negative relationship between material and non-material motivations and behavior modification among primary school pupils in the study area. Based on findings, the study recommends the employment of more counselors in basics schools to provide counseling services and supports to pupils and individuals in the school system that require psycho- emotional assistance