Emotional Affective Disorders Research Articles

The methodology for diagnosing and managing stress developed by Grivtsova, as an independent method and as part of the preparation for inducing lucid dreams within the framework of the “Bancheko Extended Algorithm,” and its application in the “Global Forecasting System,” serves as a means of transferring transcendental states of consciousness within the “Bancheko-Technology Set”

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the increase in stressful situations due to the accelerating pace of life, environmental pollution, urbanization, technological progress, and low socio-economic living standards of the population, underpins the rise in neurological diseases. Consequently, one of the crucial tasks in practical psychology and applied psychophysiology is the timely and comprehensive diagnosis and correction of borderline forms of psychological disorders. This study examines the application of stress diagnosis and correction methodologies. The foundation is the wave model of brain electrical activity, observed using electroencephalography, based on an algorithm developed during the experiment. The key hypothesis of the study suggests that by following the developed self-organization system, based on performing simple actions, individuals with disrupted brain electrical activity due to various stressors can avoid pharmacological interventions. It has been shown that the consequences of stress primarily include increased tension in the central nervous system (sympathetic component) and insufficient relaxation (parasympathetic component). During the exacerbation of chronic diseases, the following effects were observed in subjects: poor sleep in patients with gastritis, drowsiness and headaches in individuals with allergies, chronic migraines, and neurological pains in the head on the left side along the trigeminal nerve, meteorological dependence in hypertensive patients, and jaw locking and right-side pain in those with traumatic brain injuries. Correction of these disorders took into account their stress-induced nature. A method for rehabilitating emotional-affective disorders in individuals is proposed to overcome stressful situations. The obtained data suggest that the proposed method of restorative alpha rhythm through neurotraining has high potential in therapeutic work for overcoming and correcting stress in people from various social groups, ages, and professions.

Cognitive and Emotional-Affective Disorders in Participants of Combat Actions with Traumatic Brain Injury (Review)

Cognitive and Emotional-Affective Disorders in Participants of Combat Actions with Traumatic Brain Injury (Review)

The influence of nondrug methods on cognitive and emotional-affective disorders in patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment

Emotional-affective disorders often accompany vascular cognitive impairment. Currently, there is insufficient data on the impact of non-drug treatment of cognitive impairment on the emotional sphere. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of non-drug methods (meal planning, exercise, cognitive training) on anxiety and depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment of vascular etiology. Material and methods. The study included 60 patients aged 45 to 88 years (mean age 63.9 ± 9.7, 26 males and 34 females) with mild cognitive impairment of vascular etiology. 30 patients (study group, 18 women, 12 men, mean age 63.7 ± 8.8 years, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score 22.5 ± 2.4) received a set of non-drug methods for 1 month, including cognitive training, detailed recommendations on physical activity and meal planning. Patients in the control group (n = 30, 16 women, 14 men, mean age — 64.2 ± 10.7 years, MoCA score — 21.7 ± 2.4 points) were once informed by the attending physician about the expediency of a physically and cognitively active lifestyle and the basic principles diets, however, systematic training with them was not carried out. Anxiety and depression were assessed at the stage of inclusion in the study, after 1 month, after 6 months, and one year after the start of observation using the Beck Depression Scale, the Spielberger–Khanin Anxiety Scale. Results. 1 month after the start of the study, along with a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in cognitive functions according MoCA, a significant decrease in the severity of anxiety was noted in the study group (p < 0.05). In patients with mild and moderate depression (n = 13), a significant (p < 0.05) regression in the severity of depression was recorded after a month of using non-drug methods. However, in the process of long-term follow-up (1 year), the differences with the initial visit for these indicators lost statistical significance. In the control group, a month after the start of the study, there were no significant differences in the MoCA test (p > 0.05), while the indicators of anxiety and depression worsened throughout the entire observation period. The study group significantly (p < 0.05) outperformed the control group in the MoCA test immediately after treatment and after 6 months. Differences of anxiety level were significant only immediately after treatment. Conclusion. A complex of non-drug methods is effective in the treatment of vascular MCI and reduces anxiety in patients. In patients with mild and moderate depression decrease of depression symptoms was observed also. However the effect of the monthly course was not stable.

“Blue flags” of pain such as an important factor, has been influenced in the chronification of the low back pain

BACKGROUND. Despite the widely discussed problem of pain chronification, the issues of assessing the relationship between emotional-affective disorders and the social status of patients with pain in the context of assessing the so-called blue flags of pain remain poorly understood.
 AIM. To determine the relationship between biopsychosocial factors, particularly socioeconomic status, and the quality of life of patients with back pain.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 32 patients suffering with non-specific back pain of various localization. During of the study, the results of neuropsychological tests (HADS, SF-36, VAS) were analyzed to assess the mental state and social aspects of the patients lives. A specially designed questionnaire was used to assess the so-called blue flags of pain, which including the level of satisfaction with work and relationships in the workplace. The statistical processing of the data obtained was carried with using the programe Statistica 6.0 with the evaluation of Students criterion and Pearsons coefficient.
 RESULTS. Correlations were found between emotional-affective disorders and socio-economic aspects, namely: job satisfaction and relationships with colleagues. Emotional and affective disorders were found to have a significant impact on relationships at work. People with emotional-affective disorders and chronic pain syndrome are more likely to have an unsatisfactory self-assessment of their health. The relationship between emotional-affective disorders and the intensity of the pain syndrome and life impairment was also determined, and it was found that patients with psychological distress are more susceptible to life impairment due to back pain. In the process of determining the level of quality of life of the examined individuals, low values were found according to the SF-36 questionnaire due to a decrease in the psychological component of health in patients with chronic pain syndrome (r=0.64, p 0.05). Significant correlations were found between affective disorders and job satisfaction (r=0.46, p 0.05) and relationships with co-workers (r=0.44, p 0.05), as well as pain intensity according to VAS (r=0.37, p 0.05).
 CONCLUSION. Socio-economic factors, the so-called blue flags of pain, together with emotional and affective disorders, have a significant impact on the outcome of the pain syndrome and largely determine the chronification of pain, with a regression in the quality of life of patients with back pain.

Peculiarities of physical rehabilitation of patients with cognitive and emotional-affective disorders against the background of chronic cerebral ischemia of the II stage

Peculiarities of physical rehabilitation of patients with cognitive and emotional-affective disorders against the background of chronic cerebral ischemia of the II stage

Cognitive and emotional disorders in neurosurgical patients and their impact on postoperative rehabilitation

To evaluate the severity of emotional and cognitive disorders, as well as the effectiveness of cognitive-motor training in patients who have undergone spinal cord surgery. Sixty patients (30 men and 30 women), who were scheduled and subsequently underwent spinal cord surgery, were studied. The patients underwent clinical, somatic and neurological status examinations and quantitative neuropsychological testing. The study was conducted before surgery, a week later, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to the main and control groups of 30/30 people by the method of random numbers. The patients did not significantly differ in gender, age and level of education. Patients of the main group, in addition to drug therapy, received cognitive training, which was conducted using the methodological manual «Cognitive training for patients with moderate cognitive disorders» developed by the staff of the Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery of the A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University on the basis of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University). Cognitive and emotional disorders have an impact on the quality of rehabilitation of patients after spinal neurosurgery. Cognitive-motor training included in the rehabilitation program of patients has a positive effect on the cognitive functions of patients and the level of anxiety. Evaluation of the results of postoperative rehabilitation show that the patients of the main group have significantly higher quality of life. Cognitive and emotional-affective disorders in patients after spinal neurosurgery have a negative impact on the quality of life. The inclusion of cognitive-motor training in the rehabilitation program makes it possible to reduce the severity of cognitive and emotional disorders in the postoperative period and improves the quality of life of patients. The results allow us to recommend the inclusion of cognitive-motor training in the rehabilitation program of patients after spinal neurosurgical operations.

Contribution of AMPA Receptor-Mediated LTD in LA/BLA-CeA Pathway to Comorbid Aversive and Depressive Symptoms in Neuropathic Pain.

Comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in chronic pain are a common health problem, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previously, we have demonstrated that sensitization of the CeA neurons via decreased GABAergic inhibition contributes to anxiety-like behaviors in neuropathic pain rats. In this study, by using male Sprague Dawley rats, we reported that the CeA plays a key role in processing both sensory and negative emotional-affective components of neuropathic pain. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of CeA, but not lateral/basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA/BLA), abrogated both pain hypersensitivity and aversive and depressive symptoms of neuropathic rats induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Moreover, SNL rats showed structural and functional neuroplasticity manifested as reduced dendritic spines on the CeA neurons and enhanced LTD at the LA/BLA-CeA synapse. Disruption of GluA2-containing AMPAR trafficking and endocytosis from synapses using synthetic peptides, either pep2-EVKI or Tat-GluA2(3Y), restored the enhanced LTD at the LA/BLA-CeA synapse, and alleviated the mechanical allodynia and comorbid aversive and depressive symptoms in neuropathic rats, indicating that the endocytosis of GluA2-containing AMPARs from synapses is probably involved in the LTD at the LA/BLA-CeA synapse and the comorbid aversive and depressive symptoms in neuropathic pain in SNL-operated rats. These data provide a novel mechanism for elucidating comorbid aversive and depressive symptoms in neuropathic pain and highlight that structural and functional neuroplasticity in the amygdala may be important as a promising therapeutic target for comorbid negative emotional-affective disorders in chronic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Several studies have demonstrated the high comorbidity of negative affective disorders in patients with chronic pain. Understanding the affective aspects related to chronic pain may facilitate the development of novel therapies for more effective management. Here, we unravel that the CeA plays a key role in processing both sensory and negative emotional-affective components of neuropathic pain, and LTD at the amygdaloid LA/BLA-CeA synapse mediated by GluA2-containing AMPAR endocytosis underlies the comorbid aversive and depressive symptoms in neuropathic pain. This study provides a novel mechanism for elucidating comorbid aversive and depressive symptoms in neuropathic pain and highlights that structural and functional neuroplasticity in the amygdala may be important as a promising therapeutic target for comorbid negative emotional-affective disorders in chronic pain.

Psychic status in a woman with climacteric syndrome and cardiac complaints

Aim. To assess the features of psychoemotional status in women with climacteric syndrome, manifested by cardiac symptoms.
 Materials and methods. The study included 28 women aged 44 to 56 years (M=53,80,7) with menopause-associated complaints, manifested mainly by cardiac symptoms. Modified Kupperman-Uvarova menopausal index was used to diagnose climacteric syndrome and assess its severity. To study the psychoemotional status the Tsung anxiety and depression self-assessment scales were used. Holter ECG monitoring and echocardiography were performed on the ASTEL LTD Cardio DM-3 apparatus for 72 hours.
 Results. The most common cardiac complaints in menopausal syndrome were: increased blood pressure, palpitations, recurrent chest pain. Ventricular premature beats were the most common finding. Emotional-affective disorders were found in women of the study group. For women with a mild climacteric syndrome, signs of mood instability, increased emotional lability, irritability, and low levels of anxiety are characteristic. Women with moderate climacteric syndrome complained of anxiety, irritability, anger, and prolonged episodes of decreased mood. According to the anxiety and depression self-assessment scales, these women typically had emotional-affective disorders which manifested by high levels of anxiety, and 29% of them had mild levels of depression. Women with severe climacteric syndrome complained of prolonged episodes of decreased mood, sleep disturbances, and performance impairment; these women predominantly had high levels of anxiety and moderate levels of depressive disorder.
 Conclusion. In women with climacteric syndrome, major symptoms are neurovegetative, with a predominance of complaints associated with ventricular rhythm disorders. For climacteric syndrome, affective spectrum disorders are characteristic. The more pronounced the climacteric syndrome, the more severe the anxiety-depressive disorder.

Diagnosis and treatment for frontotemporal degenerations

Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases causing neurodegeneration on the frontal and/or anterior temporal lobes. FTD is the second most common dementia in presenile age (up to 65 years) after Alzheimer’s disease. Usually, FTD is diagnosed at the age of 45-65 years, but an earlier and later onset is possible. Up to 40% of FTD cases have a positive family history. According to the current classification, the following clinical variants of FTD are distinguished: behavioral variant of FTD, agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and semantic variant of PPA. As they develop, these clinical syndromes overlap widely with each other and with atypical parkinsonism syndromes (progressive supranuclear paralysis, cortico-basal syndrome) and less often with motor neuron disease. Variations in the clinical features are determined by the localization of the degenerative-atrophic process. The behavioral variant of FTD accounts for more than half of the cases of FTD and is characterized by a combination of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional-affective disorders. In PPA, speech disorders appear for no apparent reason and progress continuously in the absence or with minimal severity of other cognitive and behavioral disorders for two or more years. The clinical features of PPA depend on the localization of the pathological process. The article reviews a clinical case of an agrammatic variant of PPA. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and management of this group of patients are shown. It seems appropriate to use memantin in patients with agrammatic variant of PPA.

Near-moderate cognitive decline

Management of patients with cognitive impairment is one of the most relevant and important problems of neurology. It is especially important to identify cognitive impairment at the early (pre-dementia) stages, when appropriate medical measures are implemented, the progression of cognitive decline can be slowed down or stopped. Near-moderate cognitive decline (NMCD) at elderly and senile ages may be a predictor for the development of clinically significant cognitive impairment up to dementia. In most Western works, NMCD is associated with subjective cognitive decline, but it would be more legitimate to distinguish a form (a stage) of mild cognitive decline among NMCDs. It is assumed that NMCD is not necessarily a precursor to more severe cognitive impairment – the former can be a manifestation of age-related changes, emotional-affective disorders, and neurological and somatic diseases, although their presence substantially increases the risk of moderate and severe cognitive impairment. The review provides current ideas about the initial forms of cognitive decline, as well as neuroimaging data in these patients. It considers the influence of emotional-affective and cardiovascular factors on the development of cognitive deficit.

Features of treatment of non-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease: role of Selang in correction of emothional disorder

The article reflects the main features of non-motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease. Emotional-affective disorders (anxiety, depression), cognitive impairment are described. The possibilities of drug correction of non-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease are analyzed.

Correlation Between Emotional-Affective Disorders and Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Despite the efforts of scientific community the data available on the correlation between emotional-affective symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and changes in microbiome is still scarce. Deeper studies of nonmotor symptoms evident in premotor stages of the disease and the reciprocal influence of microbiota may help to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of PD neurodegeneration better. Discover the relations between emotional-affective disorders prevalent in PD population and changes in gut microbiota composition. 51 patient diagnosed with PD participated in the study. Every participant’s emotional-affective state was examined using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Taxonomic richness of microbiome was studied using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, bioinformatics, and statistical analysis. Anxiety and depression are prevalent affective disorders in patients with PD. In our study, most of the subjects demonstrated certain anxiety and depression. Taxonomic diversity of gut microbiota in BP was increasing with the increase in anxiety levels, reaching the maximum in the group with subclinical anxiety, and decreasing in the group with clinically significant anxiety disorder. At the species level, patients with clinically significant anxiety had higher abundance of Clostridium clariflavum compared to the anxiety-free patients. Patients with moderate depression were characterized by the higher prevalence of Christensenella minuta, Clostridium disporicum, and Oscillibacter valericigenes compared to subjects without depression or with mild depression. The data we received in our study allow better understanding of PD pathogenesis.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О «МЕДЛЕННОМ» И «БЫСТРОМ» СНЕ И ИХ РОЛЬ В ГЕНЕЗЕ БОЛЕЗНИ АЛЬЦГЕЙМЕРА (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

This review discusses the data of new researches on the functional purpose of sleep and its stages, and its role in the development of pathological conditions. The main modern hypotheses and concepts about a role of slow sleep and REM-sleep (rapid eye movement) are interpreted. The visceral theory of slow sleep as an activator of restorative processes in the brain and manager of internal organs functions is described. A brain drainage function of slow sleep is known. Recent studies suggest sleep-wake disturbances, for example, obstructive apnea syndrome, may influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression. Possible mechanisms such asfunctional disorders of brain lymphatic system during slow sleep and the extracellular accumulation of the amyloid-s (As) peptide underlying the relationship between the sleep-wake disturbances and AD are described. The role of REM-sleep in the formation of the central nervous system in the early postnatal period and the performance of the function of mental adaptation are discussed. In this article, we presented data about the role both of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the regulation of sleep-wake cycle and the maintenance of wakefulness and REM-sleep. The possible new approach to the forecasting of cognitive and emotional-affective disorders in sleep disturbances is substantiated from the perspective of modern neuroscience and sleep neurophysiology still in childhood is justified.

Роль емоційно-афективних порушень і особистісних рис у формуванні різних ступенів прихильності до терапії хворих на параноїдну шизофренію

Роль емоційно-афективних порушень і особистісних рис у формуванні різних ступенів прихильності до терапії хворих на параноїдну шизофренію

Cognitive and emotional changes in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Objective: to reveal the prevalence of cognitive impairment and emotional disorders (anxiety and depression) in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and to evaluate the role of a hormonal background, taken antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and the course of the disease in the genesis of found abnormalities. Patients and methods. The prevalence of cognitive impairment and emotional-affective disorders was analyzed in 48 female patients with JME. Results and discussion. Decreased cognitive functions according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment were detected in 12 (40%) patients. The greatest difficulties were faced by the patients when they carried out the tasks used to examine memory and abstract thinking. The level of anxiety and depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The HADS showed the subclinical manifestations of depression in 10 (33.3%) patients and their obvious ones in 4 (13.4%). The subclinical manifestations of depression, assessed by HADS scores, were detected in 4 (13.3%) patients; its obvious manifestations were absent. BDI scores indicated that there were minimal, mild, moderate, and severe manifestations in 6 (20%), 3 (10%), 2 (6.7%), and 1 patients, respectively. Cognitive functions and the level of anxiety and depression did not depend on the patients’ age at disease onset and at the time of investigation, disease duration, menstrual cycle regularity, therapy regimen, and hormonal status. However, all the patients tended to have lower estradiol and higher progesterone and testosterone levels as cognitive and emotional disorders increased. Myoclonic seizures in conjunction with generalized tonic-clonic seizures significantly more frequently led to cognitive and emotional-affective disorders. Cognitive and emotional disorders occurred in patients without remission and depended on the nature of seizures. The absence of differences between the groups of patients treated with various antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is due to the fact that most patients received valproates (n = 19) or monotherapy (n = 26), and the number of patients taking other AEDs proved to be incomparably small.

NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EPILEPSY IN ELDERLY

In the past decades, an increasing incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in older age groups. Neurophysiological constants of the usual analysis of the EEG in this age group of patients is quite contradictory and inconclusive. Objective: to determine the most specific EEG-patterns, according to the spectral analysis of coherence and capacity in patients with epilepsy elderly, to identify correlations and neurophysiological data of emotional-affective disorders. Materials and methods: we Studied 182 patients older, and of these, 142 respectively with the effects of organic lesions of the brain, in 101 patients the disease was complicated by symptomatic epilepsy local. All patients underwent EEG with subsequent processing by the method of coherent analysis. 142 patients with organic and vascular pathology clinical and psychological testing with the use of scales and questionnaires (SF-36,QOLIE-31, SCL-90-R, BDI, HRDS, STAI). Results : In patients with epilepsy elderly according to the spatial temporal analysis formed persistent «pathological», coherent communication in the Delta and theta bands of the EEG nterhemispheric formation of contacts (T6-P3, T4-T3, P4-O1), the increase in the number of these links in the rear temporal region, the anterior frontal right, parietal left (T6,T5, F8,P3). Neurophysiological value analysis confirm the presence of depressive and anxiety disorders in this group of patients (depression in 56,3% of patients with epilepsy, anxiety disorder in 8.7% of MCI — 11.7%. Values of indicators of depression on the BDI scale in amounted 34.81±2.73 points, HRDS — of 21.84±1.50). Conclusion: the materials obtained during the study allow to make a conclusion about some features of spatial-temporal organization of brain biopotentials in patients with epilepsy elderly in comparison with groups of elderly patients without this pathology, and their mutual relation with the severity of psychopathological symptoms.

Personal characteristics of patients with tension headache

With tension-type headache (THT) with a high frequency (up to 90%), psycho-emotional disorders are detected in the form of increased excitability, anxiety, fear, and depression. At the present stage of studying the problem, the role of depression is especially emphasized. On the one hand, depression is primarily associated with neurotransmitter shifts in the CNS, in particular, with insufficiency of the serotonergic systems of the brain, which determine both the dysfunction of the antinociceptive system and the development of depressive disorders. On the other hand, chronic pain limits a person's capabilities, disrupts his life plans, etc. Such a decrease in the quality of life can give rise to secondary depression. It must be emphasized that the development of emotional-affective disorders, their severity, curability, tendency to relapse largely depend on the personality characteristics of the individual, which are determined by the constitutional features of the CNS reactivity.