Emotional Stimulation Research Articles

P1 evoked by facial expression images is enhanced in Parkinson’s disease patients with depressive symptoms

IntroductionDepressive symptoms are most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is often overlooked due to absence of rapid and objective diagnostic biomarkers. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based event-related potentials (ERPs) is commonly used to assess emotional processes. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in ERPs in PD patients exhibiting depressive symptoms and to provide a reliable biomarker for assisting in the diagnosis of PD with depressive symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study involving 30 PD patients with (dPD group) or without depressive symptoms (nPD group) and 13 age matched healthy controls (HC). We recorded EEG of the patients during the emotional picture stimulation task and analyzed the difference in the early ERPs potentials (P1, N170, early posterior negativity) and their correlation with the severity of symptoms in PD patients.ResultsOur results found that P1 amplitude in the occipital region of the dPD group in response to emotional faces was significantly higher than that of nPD and HC group, and it was positively correlated with severity of depressive symptoms in PD patients.ConclusionOur study shows that facial expression-induced enhancement of P1 amplitude can be utilized as a rapid and objective indicator to screen for depressive symptoms in PD.

Arts and Mental health

Abstract Art includes performing arts, visual arts, literature, culture, and online/digital products. Its interventions are multimodal, combining a variety of activities, such as evoking emotions, emotional and cognitive stimulation, and imagination. Depending on the type of art, they may also involve social interaction, physical activity and communication. There is a large body of research suggesting that art engagement can enhance different dimensions of mental well-being (eudaimonic well-being, life satisfaction, evaluative well - and positive emotions). Some or all of these benefits have been found in individuals who participate in art activities. Based on these findings, art on prescription has been used in some European countries, including the United Kingdom, and Scandinavian countries. Art on prescription is mostly delivered in partnership with art organizations. The aim of this talk is give an overview on art on prescription in different countries in Europe and enhance understanding of the mechanism for whom art on prescription is a promising intervention in the field of mental health. Building on the mapping and review of reviews challenges of art interventions will be discussed such as study design or evaluating effectiveness and identifying population groups for whom art interventions work best.

Why young adults consume media content about serial killers: Evidence from Russia

This article explores Russian young adults’s motives for consuming media content related to serial killers. Based on a sociological perspective of consumption, the research integrates concepts such as consumerism and “new hedonism” postulated by Campbell with Giddens’s structuration theory and Goffman’s stigma theory. We argue that consumerists’ motivations and images of serial killers are products of modernity. A total of 26 semi-structured online interviews were conducted with young adults aged 18–35 years from 14 cities in Russia. We then performed a thematic qualitative analysis using the AtlasTI software. Our findings show that consumers of media content about serial killers have two main categories of motives: cognitive and emotional. Cognitive motives could be viewed through the lens of the need for ontological security, an attempt to study a potential threat. Emotional motives were associated with satisfying the consumerist need for constant emotional stimulation and pleasure. Future studies may focus on classifying audiences based on their motives for consuming serial-killer media content and examining correlations with consumption practices as well as the supply-side motives of producing this type of content.

Event-related potentials emotion features of sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived drivers: a preliminary study

This paper explains the study of Event-Related Potentials (ERP) emotion features related to sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived drivers. The study's research protocol consists of four stages - initial brainwave recording, four one-minute emotional stimulation experiments for happy, fear, sad, and calm, three sets of driving tests, and baseline brainwave recording. The data collected is pre-processed and then classified using Binary Linear Regression (BLR). The BLR classification of emotion-based ERP for sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived signals shows 86.1% accuracy. Though this result is still at the preliminary stage, it concluded that emotion-based ERPs can be used as promising features of brain signals to detect and classify the sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived.

Unpleasant emotions and task-unrelated thoughts and their associations with amygdala activity during emotional distraction: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Previous emotion regulation studies revealed that emotional distraction decreases unpleasant emotions. This study examined whether distraction tasks decrease unpleasant task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) and unpleasant emotions when recalling stressful daily interpersonal events. Amygdala activity was examined to assess implicit emotional changes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The behavioral data of 20 university students (mean age: 20.35 ± 1.42 years; range: 18–24 years) and fMRI data of 18 students were examined. As an emotion induction procedure, participants initially freely recalled memories of daily stressful interpersonal events and then responded to a series of questions about their recalled memories presented on a monitor. In the distraction experiment, the questions were re-represented as an emotional stimulation; a distraction task (nonconstant or constant finger tapping) or rest condition was then performed, and ratings were given for attentional state, thought types conceived during the tasks, and emotional state. Decreases in unpleasant emotions and TUTs were defined as distraction effects. We found that unpleasant TUTs decreased in the nonconstant relative to rest condition (p < .05). Furthermore, increased right amygdala activation positively correlated with unpleasant emotions, and bilateral amygdala activation correlated with unpleasant TUTs only in the rest condition, indicating the existence of amygdala activation associated with unpleasant emotions and thoughts. However, such associations were not under nonconstant or constant conditions, indicating distraction effects. Notably, this study showed that emotional distraction can decrease the degree of unpleasant emotions and the occurrence of unpleasant thoughts regarding common daily emotions.

Dynamics of human serotonin synthesis differentially link to reward anticipation and feedback.

Serotonin (5-HT) plays an essential role in reward processing, however, the possibilities to investigate 5-HT action in humans during emotional stimulation are particularly limited. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of assessing reward-specific dynamics in 5-HT synthesis using functional PET (fPET), combining its molecular specificity with the high temporal resolution of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI. Sixteen healthy volunteers underwent simultaneous fPET/fMRI with the radioligand [11C]AMT, a substrate for tryptophan hydroxylase. During the scan, participants completed the monetary incentive delay task and arterial blood samples were acquired for quantifying 5-HT synthesis rates. BOLD fMRI was recorded as a proxy of neuronal activation, allowing differentiation of reward anticipation and feedback. Monetary gain and loss resulted in substantial increases in 5-HT synthesis in the ventral striatum (VStr, +21% from baseline) and the anterior insula (+41%). In the VStr, task-specific 5-HT synthesis was further correlated with BOLD signal changes during reward feedback (ρ = -0.65), but not anticipation. Conversely, 5-HT synthesis in the anterior insula correlated with BOLD reward anticipation (ρ = -0.61), but not feedback. In sum, we provide a robust tool to identify task-induced changes in 5-HT action in humans, linking the dynamics of 5-HT synthesis to distinct phases of reward processing in a regionally specific manner. Given the relevance of altered reward processing in psychiatric disorders such as addiction, depression and schizophrenia, our approach offers a tailored assessment of impaired 5-HT signaling during cognitive and emotional processing.

Adding Green to Architectures: Empirical Research Based on Indoor Vertical Greening of the Emotional Promotion on Adolescents

Good architectural space design can bring positive emotional stimulation and relaxation to users, but few studies have investigated the quantitative indicators in architectural space design and their impact on user emotions. This study takes the right-angle sandwich interface system in architecture as an example to guide the next vertical greening simulation experiment by comparing the spatial quantitative differences in connection value, integration degree, and population agglomeration. Eighty adolescent volunteers were recruited into a control (artificial decorative wall) and experimental (green wall) group based on wall type. We compared their physiological and psychological indicators, including blood pressure and blood oxygen, and psychological indicators, including POMS and SIAI-S scales. Then, we made predictive factor judgements on vertical green elements. The quantification of the interior space of the building showed consistency in parameter changes, with the central area being the area of connectivity, integration, and crowd aggregation values. After the experiment, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate (p = 0.00) and a significant decrease in tension, anger, fatigue, depression, and panic (p = 0.00). The quantitative relationship between vertical greening elements and emotional promotion using stepwise linear exploration shows that the “vine” element is a significant predictive factor for diastolic blood pressure, T-A emotion, and SIAI-S values. The results enrich the indoor optimization and creation expansion paths of interface systems for various spatial experiences and further provide guidance for urban indoor green construction plans and green landscape facility planning via the emotional influence of indoor vertical space greening on young people.

EmoWear: Wearable Physiological and Motion Dataset for Emotion Recognition and Context Awareness

The EmoWear dataset provides a bridge to explore Emotion Recognition (ER) via Seismocardiography (SCG), the measurement of small cardio-respiratory induced vibrations on the chest wall through Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). We recorded Accelerometer (ACC), Gyroscope (GYRO), Electrocardiography (ECG), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), Respiration (RSP), Electrodermal Activity (EDA), and Skin Temperature (SKT) data from 49 participants who watched validated emotionally stimulating video clips. They self-assessed their emotional valence, arousal, and dominance, as well as extra questions about the video clips. Also, we asked the participants to walk, talk, and drink, so that researchers can detect gait, voice, and swallowing using the same IMU. We demonstrate the effectiveness of emotion stimulation with statistical methods and verify the quality of the collected signals through signal-to-noise ratio and correlation analysis. EmoWear can be used for ER via SCG, ER during gait, multi-modal ER, and the study of IMUs for context-awareness. Targeted contextual information include emotions, gait, voice activity, and drinking, all having the potential to be sensed via a single IMU.

Comparing the efficacy of online vs. offline methods in modulating emotional responses through mental stress tasks

Emotion regulation and stress represent two complex, intertwined processes. Yet, there is a paucity of studies examining the effect of stress on emotional regulation among Vietnamese students, specifically the influence of online and offline experimental conditions. This study investigates these dynamics by subjective assessment of the emotional responses of the subjects participating in this study. The research was structured in three primary phases: preliminary, online (conducted via the Internet), and offline (conducted in person) experiments. The preliminary phase (N=16) aimed to validate the appropriateness of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) picture library and emotional stimulation videos from previous studies. Participants in the online (N=30) and offline (N=45) experiments were divided into control and stress groups, distinguished by the difficulty and urgency of the mental arithmetic task (MAT). Participants were then asked to view photos and videos and to rate their subjective feelings using the Self-assessment Manikin (SAM). The online experimental session revealed that subjects under acute stress exhibited heightened sensitivity, as indicated by increased valence scores in the positive and neutral groups, and decreased scores for negative imagery (Positive: MD=0.292, p=0.0113; Neutral: MD=0.245, p=0.001; Negative: MD=-0.435, p&lt;0.0001). An increase in arousal scores in the stress group was also observed for positive (p&lt;0.0001) and neutral sets (p&lt;0.0001). However, these findings were not replicated in the offline experiment session. In conclusion, the IAPS pictures have proven suitable for emotional studies among Vietnamese students.

Implikasi Music therapy sebagai bentuk katarsis dan relaksasi emosi (Implications of Music Therapy as a Form of Catharsis and Emotional Relaxation)

Humans have a fundamental need to express and manage their emotions. Musik therapy, a therapeutic intervention that utilizes music, offers significant potential in helping individuals achieve emotional balance. Research suggests that music therapy can serve as a form of emotional catharsis and relaxation, providing benefits to individuals' mental health and well-being. This research used a comprehensive literature insight to analyse a range of scientific studies examining the effectiveness of music therapy in the context of emotional catharsis and relaxation. Data were collected from various sources, including academic journals, research databases and scholarly books. The literature review showed that music therapy has significant potential in facilitating the process of emotional catharsis and relaxation. Through various mechanisms, such as emotional stimulation, stres reduction, and improved emotion regulation, music therapy can help individuals express and manage their emotions in a healthy manner. Research shows that music therapy can provide positive mental health benefits, such as the reduction of anxiety, depression, and trauma, as well as improved well-being and quality of life. As a form of emotional catharsis and relaxation, music therapy offers significant potential to improve the mental health and well-being of individuals.

Creativity and Perception: Unveiling the Role of Cross‐Modal Audiovisual Integration

ABSTRACTMultisensory environments rich in modal integration provide cues from various sensory modalities including visually, auditorily, and tactilely. Such modal integration plays a crucial role in cognitive processing, specifically in fostering creativity. Numerous studies highlight that emotional coherence through cross‐modal affective integration enhances cognitive competencies such as memory, attention, and the capacity to generate original, fluent ideas. Nonetheless, current research lacks comparative studies pinpointing how different sensory modalities impact individual creativity. We addressed this research void by employing a cross‐model matching paradigm, anchored on the concept of emotional coherence. Our investigation evaluated the impact of varying emotional stimuli (both positive and negative) on creativity performance, considering single sensory modalities (visual and auditory), as well as their cross. Our study participants were 119 Chinese university students who completed a creative task under varying emotional stimulation modality conditions. We observed that the bimodal audiovisual integration of positive emotional stimuli most effectively enhanced creativity as compared to solely auditory modality. The visual modality seemed the least effective, underscoring the impact of multichannel integration. Interestingly, the bimodal audiovisual integration of negative emotional stimuli significantly boosted originality, albeit with little difference in fluency relative to the auditory modality. Based on the theoretical significance of multimodal emotional integration, our interpretation of these findings suggests that audiovisual cross‐modal emotional integration, with its rich emotional information, serves as a catalyst for enhancing originality. However, we observed that the facilitative effect on overall creativity and fluency is primarily observed in the context of positive emotions. It is important to note that we carefully controlled for participants' creative personality factors and conducted three types of emotional evaluations across modalities to ensure the validity of our results. Furthermore, the impact of cross‐modal audiovisual emotional integration on creativity, both in terms of originality and fluency, is influenced by the distinct emotional perceptual characteristics inherent to each modality.

Prospective associations of prenatal stress with child behavior: Moderation by the early childhood caregiving environment.

Fetal exposure to prenatal stress can increase risk for psychopathology but postnatal caregiving may offset risk. This study tests whether maternal sensitivity and the home environment during early childhood modify associations of prenatal stress with offspring behavior in a sample of 127 mother-child pairs (n = 127). Mothers reported on perceived stress during pregnancy. Maternal sensitivity was rated by coders during a parent-child free play task when children were 4 years old. One year later, mothers reported on the home environment, child internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and children completed an assessment of inhibitory control. As hypothesized, the early childhood caregiving environment modified associations of prenatal stress with child behavior. Specifically, prenatal stress was associated with more internalizing behaviors at lower levels of maternal sensitivity and in home environments that were lower in emotional support and cognitive stimulation, but not at mean or higher levels. Furthermore, prenatal stress was associated with lower inhibitory control only at lower levels of maternal sensitivity, but not at higher levels. Maternal sensitivity and an emotionally supportive and cognitively stimulating home environment in early childhood may be important factors that mitigate risk for mental health problems among children exposed to prenatal stress.

Neuropsychological Stimulation Program for Children from Low Socioeconomic Backgrounds: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Guatemala remains one of the poorest countries in Central America and suffers from high rates of social inequality and violence. In addition to the negative impact that two years without attending school has had on Guatemalan children due to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, this unfavourable socioeconomic context poses a risk to children's emotional and cognitive development. This work presents a protocol for implementing a cognitive and emotional stimulation program aimed at increasing the academic performance of these children and consequently improving their quality of life. The protocol proposes the implementation of a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a 24-session-long stimulation program. It targets the cognitive functions of attention, language, executive functions, and social cognition, using the digital neurorehabilitation platform NeuronUP. The participants (n = 480) will be randomly assigned to an Experimental or Control group. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will be carried out, together with a follow-up in the next academic year, in which both groups will change roles. Results will be compared for the first and second years, looking for differences in academic and cognitive performance between groups. Mid- and long-term outcomes are still unknown, but effective interventions based on this protocol are expected to facilitate the following benefits for participants: (1) improved cognitive and emotional development; (2) improved academic performance; (3) improved well-being. We expect to create a validated neuropsychological stimulation program that could be applied in similar socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts around the world to help these children improve their life chances.

The Complexity of Reading Revealed by a Study with Healthy Older Adults.

Aging, even when healthy, involves changes in cognitive functioning that can gradually affect the everyday activities and well-being of older people. Reading, which requires the integrity of several functions and their integration, is important to maintaining high cognitive and emotional stimulation over time. Our study aimed to investigate whether reading ability declines with aging. To explore also why reading would decline, we explored the changes in the performance of visual and attention tasks. A group of 58 neurologically healthy older people aged from 65 to 75 underwent neuropsychological assessment to investigate their global cognitive functioning, reading skills, crowding, and attention components. We found a decline in reading abilities as a function of aging (β = 0.34, p < 0.05). We did not find an increase in crowding or difficulties in visual acuity. Furthermore, we found no decline with age in tasks of simple reaction times, visuospatial attention, and other single components of attention. Interestingly, we instead found a worsening with age in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (β = -0.26, p < 0.05), involving attention, working memory, and processing speed, which explains part of the reading decline. Our results suggest that task complexity is a fundamental aspect to account for aging changes.

Study of the Length of time Window in Emotion Recognition based on EEG Signals

The objective of this research is to present a comparative analysis using various lengths of time windows (TW) during emotion recognition, employing machine learning techniques and the portable wireless sensing device EPOC+. In this study, entropy will be utilized as a feature to evaluate the performance of different classifier models across various TW lengths, based on a dataset of EEG signals extracted from individuals during emotional stimulation. Two types of analyses were conducted: between-subjects and within-subjects. Performance measures such as accuracy, area under the curve, and Cohen's Kappa coefficient were compared among five supervised classifier models: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Trees (DT). The results indicate that, in both analyses, all five models exhibit higher performance in TW ranging from 2 to 15 seconds, with the 10 seconds TW particularly standing out for between-subjects analysis and the 5-second TW for within-subjects; furthermore, TW exceeding 20 seconds are not recommended. These findings provide valuable guidance for selecting TW in EEG signal analysis when studying emotions.

Combined effects of neuroticism and negative emotional context on spontaneous EEG dynamics.

Neuroticism is a personality trait with great clinical relevance, defined as a tendency to experience negative affect, sustained self-generated negative thoughts and impaired emotion regulation. Here, we investigated spontaneous brain dynamics in the aftermath of negative emotional events and their links with neuroticism in order to shed light on the prolonged activity of large-scale brain networks associated with the control of affect. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from 36 participants who were asked to rest after watching neutral or fearful video clips. Four topographic maps (i.e. microstates classes A, B, C and D) explained the majority of the variance in spontaneous EEG. Participants showed greater presence of microstate D and lesser presence of microstate C following exposure to fearful stimuli, pointing to changes in attention- and introspection-related networks previously associated with these microstates. These emotional effects were more pronounced for participants with low neuroticism. Moreover, neuroticism scores were positively correlated with microstate C and negatively correlated with microstate D, regardless of previous emotional stimulation. Our results reveal distinctive effects of emotional context on resting-state EEG, consistent with a prolonged impact of negative affect on the brain, and suggest a possible link with neuroticism.

Understanding the role of emotion in decision making process: using machine learning to analyze physiological responses to visual, auditory, and combined stimulation.

Emotions significantly shape decision-making, and targeted emotional elicitations represent an important factor in neuromarketing, where they impact advertising effectiveness by capturing potential customers' attention intricately associated with emotional triggers. Analyzing biometric parameters after stimulus exposure may help in understanding emotional states. This study investigates autonomic and central nervous system responses to emotional stimuli, including images, auditory cues, and their combination while recording physiological signals, namely the electrocardiogram, blood volume pulse, galvanic skin response, pupillometry, respiration, and the electroencephalogram. The primary goal of the proposed analysis is to compare emotional stimulation methods and to identify the most effective approach for distinct physiological patterns. A novel feature selection technique is applied to further optimize the separation of four emotional states. Basic machine learning approaches are used in order to discern emotions as elicited by different kinds of stimulation. Electroencephalographic signals, Galvanic skin response and cardio-respiratory coupling-derived features provided the most significant features in distinguishing the four emotional states. Further findings highlight how auditory stimuli play a crucial role in creating distinct physiological patterns that enhance classification within a four-class problem. When combining all three types of stimulation, a validation accuracy of 49% was achieved. The sound-only and the image-only phases resulted in 52% and 44% accuracy respectively, whereas the combined stimulation of images and sounds led to 51% accuracy. Isolated visual stimuli yield less distinct patterns, necessitating more signals for relatively inferior performance compared to other types of stimuli. This surprising significance arises from limited auditory exploration in emotional recognition literature, particularly contrasted with the pleathora of studies performed using visual stimulation. In marketing, auditory components might hold a more relevant potential to significantly influence consumer choices.

The Effect of Visual Stimuli on L2 Acquisition

This paper introduces the impact of visual stimuli on the acquisition of a Second Language (L2) or foreign language learning (FLL). Based on the importance of the role of vision in research, the findings can be classified according to three categories:(1) the comparison of multimodal audiovisual integration with conventional single-input integration; (2) the beneficial impact of visual elements on emotional stimulation; and (3) the rational synergy between the human visual system and language learning. Looking into recent studies, it is clear that people are increasingly turning to visual interactions rather than only conventional resources. Prior studies have largely concentrated on visual aids used in classroom instruction as a comprehensive tool, as opposed to a set of stimuli that are received and released. As a result, there was little discussion and attention paid to internal linkages. In line with visual contact, there has been a steady and robust advancement in social networks, encompassing well-known sites like Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok, increasing the frequency and diversity of interactive, multi-way communication. Older and newer types of picture resources are distinguished based on how interactive they are. The success of language acquisition will be influenced by the degree of involvement. The discussion will mainly focus on emotional interaction and response mechanisms, including input, output, and attention. Three representative key literature will be selected from the classification module for in-depth study and their importance will be analyzed, aiming to describe the impact of visual stimuli on L2 acquisition from different perspectives. This balances the value of visual impacts with the potential drawbacks, allowing for new study ideas and development approaches in the field of L2 acquisition as well as the quest for more cutting-edge and successful learning techniques in the future. The results also show that visual stimuli have an important impact on L2 acquisition or foreign language learning in different dimensions in terms of interactive characteristics, whether from the perspective of cognitive-linguistic, sociolinguistic, or psycholinguistic.

Traveling to the Danger Zone: Emotional Dynamics and Hermeneutics

Although emotions have garnered scholarly attention in tourism, an opportunity remains to examine the interplay between different emotions and their implications on tourism outcomes. This multi-method research was carried out in Venezuela and assesses the physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal of emotions. A guided walking tour through Venezuela’s high-risk zones resulted in varied degrees of emotional stimulation among participants. Their responses were associated with individual differences, such as travel history and personal/professional interests. The appraisal process showed that people who visit conflict-ridden destinations develop cognitively and emotionally. These findings underscore the significance of non-hedonic trips in emotional processes and illustrate how tourism can foster beneficial outcomes. Travel can especially shape tourists’ attitudes towards residents, conflict, and themselves. This research also broadens the literature on risk taking and danger zone tourism.

EEG emotion recognition based on Ordinary Differential Equation Graph Convolutional Networks and Dynamic Time Wrapping

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) has been extensively utilized to extract relations among electroencephalography (EEG) electrode channels for its strong ability to handle non-Euclidean data. However, GCN still has some issues when it comes to extracting features from EEG signals: (1) GCN with more layers may experience over-smoothing, restricting its ability to mine longer dependency relations. (2) At the moment, most GCNs used to process EEG signals construct adjacency matrices by Euclidean distance, only considering the correlations on the feature domain while ignoring changes of signals over the entire time window. To address the issues above, we introduce an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) based GCN, which can perfectly eliminate the over-smoothing problem of the traditional GCN. Besides, we also propose a method based on Dynamic Time Wrapping (DTW) algorithm to construct an adjacency matrix in the time domain. To handle adjacency matrices calculated by Euclidean distance and DTW distance respectively, we apply a temporal–spatial model composed of two parallel modules each containing an ODE-based GCN and Long short-term memory neural networks (LSTM) network in turn. We conducted experiments on three public datasets. The results show that our methods have achieved an improvement of 2.19%/2.77%/2.13%/2.01% on Arousal/Valence/Dominance/Liking on DEAP dataset, 1.43% on SEED dataset and 3.06%/3.27% on Arousal/Valence on DREAMER dataset compared with state-of-the-art (SOTA) baseline methods. It demonstrates that our method can effectively approve the performance to handle the relations between EEG channels. The premise of the ODE-based GCN is that signal changes of all EEG channels should be continuous rather than abrupt. We believe that it conforms to the EEG mode, as it is activated by the same emotion stimulation while being collected.