Emotional Expectations Research Articles

(Un)expected Emotions and Teamwork: Narratives of Early Childhood Education Practitioners

This study investigates expectations of teamwork and related emotions as described by Finnish early childhood education practitioners. The data, which consist of video-cued interviews with 15 practitioners in early childhood education and care (ECEC), are examined with narrative-discursive analysis. Emotions are approached from a socio-constructivist perspective as narratively constructed. The results are presented as three narratives identified based on teamwork expectations: 1) narrative of inadequacy,2) narrative of injustice,and 3) narrative of support. The narratives describe how time constraints and unexpected changes in teamwork dictated from the top-down produce negative emotional narratives, as well as how the team’s expected support for each other evokes positive emotions and builds communality. The findings show that not only is teamwork an important emotional context in ECEC but also the limited possibilities for influencing teamwork practices evoke negative emotions that can affect the quality of teamwork and well-being at work in ECEC.

Anticipation of sexually arousing visual event leads to overestimation of elapsed time.

Subjective estimates of duration are affected by emotional expectations about the future. For example, temporal intervals preceding a threatening event such as an electric shock are estimated as longer than intervals preceding a non-threatening event. However, it has not been unequivocally shown that such temporal overestimation occurs also when anticipating a similarly arousing but appealing event. In this study, we examined how anticipation of visual erotic material influenced perceived duration. Participants did a temporal bisection task, where they estimated durations of visual cues relative to previously learned short and long standard durations. The color of the to-be-timed visual cue signalled either a chance of seeing a preferred erotic picture at the end of the interval or certainty of seeing a neutral grey bar instead. The results showed that anticipating an appealing event increased the likelihood of estimating the cue duration as long as compared to the anticipation of a grey bar. Further analyses showed that this temporal overestimation effect was stronger for those who rated the anticipated erotic pictures as more sexually arousing. The results thus indicate that anticipation of appealing events has a similar dilating effect on perceived duration as does the anticipation of aversive events.

An Analysis of the Artistic Marketing Strategies of the Aranya Community in Qinhuangdao, China

In recent years, consumer scenarios have been continuously evolving and iterating. Along with the changes in historical and cultural contexts, people's consumption behaviors and psychology have also been constantly transformed. This article comprehensively analyzes the historical changes and developments in consumer society and explores the challenges of urban consumption spaces in the post-pandemic era. The successful creation of the aranya community, and its activation pathway, will be the primary focus of this article. By combining with other typical brand cases, delve into changes in consumer psychology and behaviors, seeking to understand the emotional expectations consumers place on post-pandemic-era consumption spaces. Architectural spaces and consumption scenes are not merely physical structures but also places consumers rely on to release their spiritual and emotional needs. This article will explore and summarize the aranya brand's construction methods, as well as the significance of creating atmospheric experiential feelings for consumers. It will analyze the cultural dissemination of art education in situational consumer spaces and underline the necessity of constructing situational experiential feelings in consumption spaces. This will enable designers and space creators to conduct more in-depth research on the design and cultural dissemination of consumption spaces, providing a more solid theoretical foundation for future urban consumption space development.

I Feel, You Feel: Considerations of Emotion in Singing

Live musicians inhabit a space at the intersection of emotion and music. Singers must navigate interactions between emotions and their motivation to participate in music-music making, their own emotional responses to the music they perform, and the emotional expectations of the audiences for whom they perform. If ignored, these interactions have the potential to derail musical success, but handled correctly, they provide the opportunity for singers to develop lasting strategies for meaningful musical experiences.

Developmental deviations in happy victimization across early childhood predict behavioral adjustment in middle childhood

AbstractThis study examined whether the development of happy victimizing (HV) from early to middle childhood predicted prosocial and aggressive behaviors 3 years later. Participants included 150 children (50% female, Mage at study onset = 4.53 years) and their parents at four annual time points. At each time point, semi‐structured interviews were conducted to assess children's emotional expectations after committing hypothetical transgressions. Child and parent reports of children's prosocial behaviors and aggression were provided at the beginning and end of the study. Children who experienced faster declines in HV reported higher prosocial behaviors 3 years later, controlling for initial levels of prosocial behaviors. Children who exhibited increases or lesser declines in HV reported higher aggression at the study end. The development of HV was not related significantly to parent reports of prosocial behaviors and aggression in middle childhood. Findings confirm theorizing on the normative developmental trajectory of HV and suggest that deviations in HV across early childhood may partially explain later behavioral adjustment.

How White Workers Navigate Racial Difference in the Workplace: Social-Emotional Processes and the Role of Workplace Racial Composition

Research on racialized emotions and racialized organizations has begun to inform how we understand social interactions in the workplace and their implications for racial inequality. However, most research to date focuses on the experiences and coping strategies of racial minority workers, especially when confronted with instances of racial prejudice and discrimination. We extend research on racialized emotions in the workplace by mapping the stages of belonging/unbelonging white workers go through when they encounter instances of racial discomfort or perceived prejudice in the workplace. This is an important contribution to the study of race and work because existing research suggests the deleterious effects for people of color when white people experience negative emotions such as threat, fear, and anxiety in interracial encounters. Drawing on interview data with 56 white teachers in a metropolitan area in the U.S. Southeast, we document a process of racialized belonging. This is a process whereby white workers experienced varying degrees of surprise, confusion, frustration, and fear resulting from interracial—and some intraracial—experiences with coworkers as well as students. We note how the process is informed by racialized imprinting prior to workplace entry and followed by racialized emotions and racialized coping. Racial composition of the workplace also played a role, though the process looked similar across contexts. We argue that by accounting for white workers’ prior life experiences as well as organizations’ involvement in accommodating their emotional expectations, the way white workers behave when race becomes salient to them can be better understood and addressed.

Religious Boundaries through Emotions: The Representation of Emotions and Their Group-Forming Function in Alevi Poetry

Although emotions occupy an important place in Alevism, their representation in Alevi history and the present has not yet been sufficiently researched. This study addresses this desideratum and discusses the representation and codification of emotions on the basis of central representatives of Alevi poetry. The focus of this study is the conjunction of constitutive teachings with basic emotions. In the poems, religious beliefs that are considered constitutive are explicitly linked to emotions such as love, grief and anger. In this way, central beliefs become emotionally charged and correspondingly more accentuated. At the same time, the poems convey an emotional expectation to the target audience: various rhetorical stylistic devices are used to convey to the addressees how they should react emotionally to certain ideas, memories and beliefs. In this way, these emotions fulfil the function of feeling rules that must be observed in order to be part of the collective. The analysis of Alevi poetry suggests that emotions have been an important factor in the history of Alevism for social order, group formation and religio-cultural demarcation.

Emotional Expectancies and Hostile Attributions as Predictors of Adolescents’ Expressions of Emotion with Parents

The present study examined associations between adolescents’ Emotional Expectancies (EE), Hostile Attributions of Intent (HAI), and emotions expressed during interactions with their mother and father. Data were collected from 96 14- to 16-year-olds (27 African Americans, 38 European Americans, and 31 Latinos; a total of 51 girls and 45 boys) and their parents over a period of 2 years. Questionnaires completed by adolescents were used to assess emotional expectancies and hostile attributions of parents’ behavior. In both year one and year two, adolescent emotional expressiveness with parents was observed in a laboratory interaction session. Data revealed that both adolescents’ EE and HAI in reaction to ambiguous situations predicted their expression of positive emotion with their mother and father 1 year later. EE of happiness were positively related and EE of anger were negatively related to the expression of positive emotion with their mother and father. HAI were negatively related to the expression of positive emotion. Only HAI were related to a higher expression of anger with their mother and father. The findings indicate that HAI and EE represent distinct cognitive-emotional processes that contribute to individual differences in adolescents’ expressions of emotion with parents.

Whether We Can Influence Students' Self- Efficacy and Emotional Expectation Value of Deep Learning Through the Perception of Teacher-Student Interaction and Peer Interaction? Through the Lens of IEEP

This study investigates the deep learning of students in the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Program (IEEP). Based on the ecosystem theory and the expected value theory, this study studies whether teacher-student interaction and peer interaction can influence students' deep learning willingness through students' self-efficacy and emotional value expectation. The study examined the relationships between students' perceived teacher-student interaction, peer interaction, self-efficacy, emotional value expectations, and deep learning. A total of 265 students from a Chinese university who participated in the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Program (IEEP) participated in this study. The research tools were developed mainly through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to verify the research hypothesis. The research results show that the teacher-student interaction and peer interaction perceived by students have a significant predictive effect on students’ self-efficacy and emotional value expectations. Moreover, students' self-efficacy and emotional value expectation have a significant predictive effect on deep learning behavior, self-efficacy and emotional expected value for project success mediate between students' perceived teacher-student interaction and peer interaction and students' deep learning level. The result indicates that the influence of micro-ecosystem on people's intrinsic belief value will affect people's behavior, and it also shows that the creation of such activities has a significant impact on improving students' deep learning ability and innovation and creativity ability.

Deepening Self-Efficacy and Emotional Expectation in Learning through Interpersonal Interaction: An IEEP Perspective

This study explores the potential for deep learning among students participating in the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Program (IEEP). Drawing on ecosystem theory and expected value theory, this research investigates how teacher-student and peer interactions can influence students' willingness to engage in deep learning, as determined by their self-efficacy and emotional value expectations. The study examines the relationships between perceived teacher-student and peer interactions, self-efficacy, emotional value expectations, and deep learning. A sample of 265 students from a Chinese university participated in the study. Research tools were developed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that perceived teacher-student and peer interactions significantly impact students' self-efficacy and emotional value expectations, which in turn, influence deep learning behaviour. Self-efficacy and emotional value expectations mediate the relationship between perceived teacher-student and peer interactions and deep learning. The findings suggest that micro ecosystems can influence individuals' intrinsic belief values, which can, in turn, affect their behaviour. The study highlights the significant impact activities promoting such interactions can have on enhancing students' deep learning, innovation, and creativity abilities.

An investigation into the emotion situation knowledge of early primary school-aged children with language impairment and the impact on their peer relations

ABSTRACT This study explored emotion situation knowledge of 6–8-year-old primary schoolchildren with language impairment (LI) and its relationship with their peer relations. Emotion situation knowledge contains experience-based predictions and anticipations of what will a person likely feel based on information about a particular social situation. To select study participants, the Detroit Test of Learning Aptitude (DTLA) was applied. Emotion situation knowledge was assessed with the use of vignettes, and peer relations were assessed with a peer relation checklist. Research findings indicated that: (i) children with LI had significant difficulties in understanding simple and mixed emotions as compared to their typically developing peers and (ii) emotion situation knowledge was a significant predictor for the participation of children with LI in academic activities and friendship relations. It is argued that the emotion-situated knowledge, which contains normative emotion expectations, may promote the peer relations of children with LI because it can help them respond to others in a more predictable way. Future research is needed to investigate the predictive utility of different facets of emotion knowledge on various domains of peer relations of children with LI.

Ambivalence in Adolescents’ Alcohol Expectancies: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study Among 12-to-18-Year-Olds

Drawing on the framework of alcohol expectancies and their importance for drinking behaviors, this longitudinal mixed-methods study examined changes and continuities in development of alcohol expectancies during adolescence. Quantitative and qualitative data were prospectively collected at four time points between 2015 and 2020 from nationwide, socio-economic, and gender-balanced samples of Norwegian adolescents aged 12–18. Quantitative data ( n = 3425) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, and qualitative data ( nT1 = 118) using thematic analysis. Quantitative and qualitative results were juxtaposed in the discussion. Quantitative results indicated an increase in social facilitation and tension reduction expectancies from age 13 to 18, and a simultaneous decrease in negative emotional expectancies. This development could partly be explained by experience with alcohol use in adolescence. Similarly, qualitative findings showed adolescents’ expectancies of alcohol evolving with age; from one-sided negative expectancies of aggression and harm to increased positive expectancies of fun, sociability, and relaxation. Both analyses showed that negative expectances remained high throughout the study period, but by late adolescence, many participants held positive and negative expectations simultaneously. The qualitative data illustrated how adolescents’ alcohol expectancies became increasingly ambivalent and complex with age, as alcohol use became more common. Prevention strategies aiming to reduce underage alcohol use should acknowledge this complexity.

“Nested Liminalities”: Death, Migration and Pandemic among Georgians in Russia

Based on an ethnographic fieldwork among Georgian migrants in Russia, the paper focuses on the management of deceased bodies abroad during the pandemic of COVID-19. More precisely, the paper identifies three levels of liminality, which contribute to the “making of death” in this context: that of death, that of migration, and that of the pandemic. The paper looks at the material and emotional expectations and constraints that surround the repatriation of corpses, including the technological solutions, and what these rituals do for the migrants. We see that during repatriation the bodies go through the process material, linguistic and affective re-appropriation, which enables mourners to transition out of liminality. The paper also shows how death reactivates reciprocal networks and obligations in the homeland that might be disrupted by migration. Death rituals and their technological adaptations enable both the mitigation of some of the liminalities and the revitalisation of local networks.

DAILY STRESS, ANTICIPATORY ANXIETY, RUMINATION, AND NEGATIVE AFFECT IN LATE LIFE

Abstract Chronic and daily stress are risk factors to older adults’ health and well-being. However, most studies of stress have focused on the reactivity and recovery process following the onset of stress. Relatively little research has investigated the worries that precede stress (e.g., anticipatory anxiety) and how such worries may contribute to older adults’ subsequent emotional experiences and rumination, especially in daily settings. This study investigated the joint associations of daily stress and anticipatory anxiety on rumination and negative affect in older adults’ everyday life. We leveraged the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data over 5 to 6 days from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study (N = 267, Mage = 73.72). Anticipatory anxiety was moderately correlated with stresses experienced that day, r = .23, p < .001. We found significant joint associations between daily stress and anticipatory anxiety with rumination and negative affect. Higher daily anticipatory anxiety (M+1SD) combined with higher stress generated the highest rumination and negative affect, whereas lower daily anticipatory anxiety (M-1SD) paired with lower stress generated the lowest rumination and negative affect. Higher daily anticipatory anxiety paired with lower stress, or lower anticipatory anxiety paired with higher stress, led to a moderate level of rumination and negative affect. These results suggest that anticipatory anxiety toward potential stress has distinct negative effects on older adults’ daily experiences, and these effects may contribute to stressors and to heightened rumination. The findings highlight the role that proactive emotional expectations may play in older adults’ everyday life.

Masculinities and affective equality; the case of professional caring

AbstractCritical studies of men and masculinities [CSMM] aim to advance gender equality by critiquing and deconstructing male hegemony and hegemonic masculinities. Although the implicit value of gender equality is clear in CSMM generally, the conceptualization of equality is frequently vague, implied, and lacks conceptual definition. The problem is compounded in caring masculinities studies which additionally often lack engagement with critical feminist and other socio‐political perspectives on caring. These shortcomings hide the complex interrelation of different dimensions to inequality as they intersect with multiple relational identities. Caring practices are also complex, having distinct phases that engage different forms of labor within separate relational contexts. In response, this article proposes the model of affective equality (Lynch et al., 2009) and the concept of care as relational social practice (Tronto, 1993) as normative perspectives that explicitly link care with equality. The case of professional caring, where the impact of CSMM has been especially limited, is used to illustrate the micro‐politics of how men manage their identities within the context of feminized caring. Here, men face the precarious task of managing their masculine status while navigating emotional expectations. Caring masculinities studies can be advanced with greater theoretical and empirical attention to (i) the intersection of multiple inequalities; (ii) the affective circles of caring; (iii) the specificity of caring work; (iv) the inequalities of caring; and (v) the ethics of caring practices.

Integrated fuzzy linguistic preference relations approach and fuzzy Quality Function Deployment to the sustainable design of hybrid electric vehicles

Through the prevalence of sustainable ideas, automobiles are increasingly pursuing environmental protection strategies for green design, the non-traditional hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are promoted continuously. If the company can add emotional value to the modeling of HEV, it will be helpful to its sustainable design and sales promotion of it. Therefore, an innovative model combining fuzzy linguistic preference relations (FLPR) and fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) is proposed here to explore the connection between customer sentiment and the front view of the HEV. Compared with the previous methods, FLPR has the advantages of fewer comparison times and high consistency. First, find out the customer’s emotional expectations and attribute weight ranking for HEV through FLPR, and import customer requirements (CRs) on the left side of fuzzy QFD. Second, the grey prediction model was used to screen out the key engineering features (ECs) and the initial weight of HEV. Finally, based on human subjective imprecise natural semantics, fuzzy QFD established a matrix association between CRs and key ECs, then finally obtained the optimal combination of ECs' final weight and morphological design. The results can assist designers to shorten product development cycles and improve customers' emotional satisfaction, which provides a theoretical reference for the sustainable design and marketing of environmentally friendly cars in the future.

EVOLUTION TREND AND HOT ISSUES OF GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH IN RECENT 40 YEARS BASED ON EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGES: A SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS FROM 1981 TO 2021

BackgroundGroundwater pollution has become an important factor restricting regional economic development and environmental protection. The prevention and control of groundwater pollution has always been the focus of water resources management scholars. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the knowledge system of groundwater pollution prevention and control from 1981 to 2021, and to explore the research trend and hot spots of groundwater pollution prevention and control knowledge system. And the emotional and behavioral changes of water conservancy workers.Topics and MethodsIn the field of groundwater environment from 1981 to 2021, taking “science network” (WOS) as the literature source database, the literature system and bibliometric characteristics were studied by means of bibliometrics, knowledge atlas and collaborative research. Occurrence analysis. This paper attempts to evaluate and sort out the similarities and differences between frontier hotspots and evolution trends in the field of groundwater environment. At the same time, the emotional behavior of water conservancy workers in various places was investigated. In order to investigate the regulation of psychological expectation on the emotional arousal effect of negative stimulation and its corresponding neural mechanism when excluding any cognitive strategy involvement in the emotional expectation stage. It is intended to mainly manipulate the predictability (predictable / unpredictable) and potency (negative / neutral) of the target stimulus. The experimental task is the expected stage from the emergence of the negative cue to the presentation of the negative target. The subjects are required to only pay attention to the fixation point in the center of the screen after watching the negative cue and do not take any coping strategies for the subsequent negative stimulus. In order to eliminate the fatigue effect, the experiment is divided into four sections. At the end of each section, the subjects took a proper rest, and then tested the success degree of the subjects following the experimental guidance requirement of “only pay attention to the fixation point from the presentation of the cord stimulus to the appearance of the target stimulus”, and scored with a 5-point scale (1 = very unsuccessful, 5 = very successful) to evaluate the success degree of non cognitive manipulation. 36 healthy subjects, 18 men and 18 women, were recruited to rule out possible gender differences in the process of emotional expectation (Galli et al., 2011). All subjects filled in the state trait anxiety questionnaire and Beck depression questionnaire before participating in the experiment to eliminate the possibility of anxiety disorder or depressive tendency. The experiment intends to simultaneously record the activity level of peripheral physiological indexes such as event-related brain potential (ERP), skin electricity, heart rate and skin temperature and frowning electromyography (electromyography index directly related to the negative expression of subjects under negative stimulation), so as to comprehensively reveal how the EEG, peripheral physiological activity level and electromyography activity level related to negative emotion change with expected factors.ResultsGroundwater pollution prevention and control is a general theory in the field of environmental risk of groundwater at home and abroad. There are many core trends in groundwater pollution prevention and control. This paper gives the evolution track, development stage and dynamic change of the research topic.ConclusionIn recent 40 years, the research on the change law of hot spot migration can be divided into three stages. 2009 is a watershed, and the problem has undergone earth shaking changes. Through the visual analysis of knowledge base system, 12 research hotspots are summarized. Explore the change law of topics in the form of dynamic knowledge map, observe the migration of research hotspots, and provide evidence and discussion for research trends and recent hotspots.AcknowledgementsSupported by a project grant from Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. D5140200023) and Xi 'an Geological Survey, China Geological Survey (Grant No.211527180141).

Educational Emigration of Kazakhstani Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social impacts and Challenges

This article aims to analyze the educational emigration of Kazakhstani youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. International educational migration is the current global tendency, which has been attracting hundreds of Kazakhstani youth year by year to migrate in pursuit of higher education. In the history of migration studies, student migration has always been a centralized topic to discuss in accordance with the national and international report statistics. In the context of globalization, young adults are being more passionate and enthusiastic about studying abroad. However, the COVID-19 outbreak has caused dramatic issues on student’s education mobility from Kazakhstan as well. Meanwhile, there are key challenges as for young people to care about is their health following the rules of lockdown and keeping social distance have created another social effect. As international movement from the country has stopped a strategic approach on how to continue the process of students’ flow on educational programs enrollment has declined, in some cases submissions been postponed for a year or two. Consequently, it would have caused changes on the motivation and emotional expectations of future student migrants. Evaluating the current dynamics of the student emigration, the government of Kazakhstan needs thoroughly to consider about concepts on how to regulate the outflow. In its turn, the pandemic has emerged an alternative such as online education that would possibly cover the purpose of educational emigrants.

Surprising Threats Accelerate Conscious Perception.

The folk psychological notion that “we see what we expect to see” is supported by evidence that we become consciously aware of visual stimuli that match our prior expectations more quickly than stimuli that violate our expectations. Similarly, “we see what we want to see,” such that more biologically-relevant stimuli are also prioritised for conscious perception. How, then, is perception shaped by biologically-relevant stimuli that we did not expect? Here, we conducted two experiments using breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS) to investigate how prior expectations modulated response times to neutral and fearful faces. In both experiments, we found that prior expectations for neutral faces hastened responses, whereas the opposite was true for fearful faces. This interaction between emotional expression and prior expectations was driven predominantly by participants with higher trait anxiety. Electroencephalography (EEG) data collected in Experiment 2 revealed an interaction evident in the earliest stages of sensory encoding, suggesting prediction errors expedite sensory encoding of fearful faces. These findings support a survival hypothesis, where biologically-relevant fearful stimuli are prioritised for conscious access even more so when unexpected, especially for people with high trait anxiety.

Living (well) with cancer in the precision era

Surviving cancer in the precision era of targeted drugs and immunotherapies increasingly involves surviving-with malignancy. Against this backdrop of precision, innovation and chronicity, this paper offers a person-centred examination of some of the emerging intersections of chronic living and cancer treatment. Using a temporally extended qualitative methodology drawing on solicited diaries and successive in-depth interviews with people receiving precision cancer therapies, we focus on the often opaque worlds of surviving-with cancer, day-to-day, amidst the evolving scene of therapeutic innovation. Tracing how elements of the catastrophic and the mundane are braided through these everyday experiences, we seek to provide an embodied and temporally extended account of everyday life, beyond the binaries of presence/absence of disease, or of death/cure. In so doing, we consider how the normative expectations of treatment, bodies, care and emotions are being reshaped, elevating the moral work of the precision-cancer intersection.