Pressure Of Emission Reduction Research Articles

Emission reduction pressure and enterprise digital transformation: do enterprise innovation and digital economy matter?

Emission reduction pressure and enterprise digital transformation: do enterprise innovation and digital economy matter?

A Big Data-Driven Approach for Early Warning of Enterprise Emissions Alignment with Carbon Neutrality Targets: A Case Study of Guangxi Province

Achieving the target of carbon neutrality has been an important approach for China to mitigate global climate change. Enterprises are major carbon emitters, and a well-designed early warning system is needed to ensure that their emissions align with carbon neutrality goals. Therefore, this study utilized electricity big data to construct an early warning model for enterprise carbon emissions based on carbon quota allocation. Taking key carbon-emitting enterprises in Guangxi as a case study, we aim to provide insights to support China’s dual carbon goals. Firstly, we established the Carbon Quota Allocation System, enabling carbon quota allocation at the enterprise levels. Secondly, we developed the Enterprise Carbon Neutrality Index, facilitating dynamic warnings for carbon emissions among enterprises. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In 2020, Guangdong received the highest carbon quota of 606 million tons, representing 5.72% of the national total, while Guangxi only received 2.63 billion tons. (2) Only 39.34% of enterprises in Guangxi are able to meet the carbon neutrality target, indicating significant emission reduction pressure faced by enterprises in the region. (3) Over 90% of enterprises in Guangxi receive Commendation and Encouragement warning levels, suggesting that enterprises in Guangxi are demonstrating a promising trend in emission reduction efforts.

What network roles affect the decline of the embodied carbon emission reduction pressure in China's manufacturing sector foreign trade?

China's manufacturing sector faces pressure to reduce its carbon emissions embodied in foreign trade, yet the influence of the sector's structural and path characteristics on reducing embodied carbon emission (ECE) remains unclear. We developed a research framework to analyze the trade-embodied carbon transfer networks of China's 11 manufacturing industries with 48 economies from 2000 to 2019, identifying the key carbon transfer-in industries and paths. By integrating network characteristics, we assessed the ECE reduction pressure on key manufacturing industries and identified factors hindering its decline. ECE in China's manufacturing foreign trade increased by 273.1% from 2000 to 2019, with the ECE in exports to developing countries since 2012 (255.58 Mt) surpassing exports to developed countries (228.31 Mt). China's medium-low and medium-high technology manufacturing are key carbon transfer-in industries, observed large decreases in the importance of the carbon transfer-in paths from Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea, versus notable increases from the Row Asia and Pacific region. Metal manufacturing, non-metallic mineral manufacturing, and chemical manufacturing were the top three industries facing ECE reduction pressure. The network structure indicators obstruct the ECE reduction pressure in metal manufacturing, whereas the network path indicators obstruct the pressure in the other key manufacturing industries. To alleviate the ECE reduction pressure within China's manufacturing foreign trade, China's manufacturing sector should enhance trade cooperation with Asia–Pacific countries. The study's insights offer valuable references for China's formulation of domestic manufacturing emission reduction policies and its participation in international climate negotiations.

Digital inclusive finance and corporate environmental performance: Insights from Chinese micro, small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises

Extensive research has discussed digital inclusive finance’s (DIF) rapid growth in financial services and its vital economic role; however, limited research addresses its potential to mitigate micro, small- and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) financing constraints and generate environmental benefits. This study empirically investigates the effects of DIF on Chinese MSMEs’ environmental performance using a substantial manufacturer sample. The findings indicate that DIF significantly reduces the wastewater discharge intensity of MSMEs. Furthermore, DIF has a more pronounced environmental effect on non-state-owned firms, SMEs, firms in areas with more significant emission reduction pressure, and those in the eastern region. Further mechanism analysis reveals that DIF can ease the financing constraints of MSMEs. Moreover, strengthening terminal treatment, optimizing the energy consumption structure, and increasing investment in research and development are significant pathways through which DIF affects corporate environmental performance. Finally, this study proposes some policy implications to promote the green transformation of MSMEs.

Mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of seawater-mixed sintered sludge cement paste

Due to the easy availability and pozzolanic activity, dredged sludge is often used to prepare sintered sludge cement (SSC) to alleviate the emission reduction pressure in the construction industry. However, the significant decrease in mechanical properties caused by the incorporation of large volume SSA has become the primary factor limiting its application. Herein, this study innovatively proposes a method of using seawater mixing to overcome the above issue and systematically reveals the enhancement mechanism, based on the microstructure characteristics characterized by XRD, TG, SEM, EDS and MIP. The results show that seawater can improve compressive strength, flexural strength, and microhardness by up to 47.10 %, 21.08 %, and 31.6 %, respectively. Meanwhile, with the increase of sintered sludge ash (SSA), the improvement of macro-micro mechanical properties by seawater shows an upward trend. The enhanced alkaline environment caused by mixing cement clinker with seawater accelerates the pozzolanic reaction of SSA, resulting in a maximum increase of 17.78 % in chemically bound water content. This compensates for the reduced hydrate generated by cement hydration in quantity and increases the optimal content of SSA in cement paste from 10 % to 20 %. In addition, the chloride ions and sulfate ions promote the transformation of Hemicabonate, Monosulfate and Monocabonate into Friedel’s salt, effectively repairing the visible structural defects caused by the introduction of SSA, which is reflected at the micro scale as a decrease in porosity and a rise in gel pores.

Study on regional carbon quota allocation at provincial level in China from the perspective of carbon peak

This paper constructs a carbon quota allocation index that takes into account equity, efficiency and ecological construction, and calculates carbon emissions and energy consumption data in important periods based on the expected carbon emission targets and economic and social development indicators of the Chinese government. Based on the calculated carbon emissions, the zero-sum game data Envelopment model (ZSG-DEA) is used to discuss the initial allocation of regional quotas and the optimal carbon quota scheme. The results show that:(1) there is a large gap between the optimal carbon quota and the initial carbon quota allocation in Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu and other provinces in 2025, and the implementation of emission reduction measures should be accelerated. (2) By 2030, the final allocation of Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Shanghai, Ningxia, Liaoning and Xinjiang will be positive. The provinces with negative final allocation should carry out the work of carbon peak as soon as possible to avoid increasing the pressure of emission reduction in the future. (3) The central region faces greater pressure of emission reduction, while the western region can accept the transfer of carbon emissions from other regions over time. The research conclusions have important policy implications for establishing a fair and effective carbon quota allocation mechanism, achieving the national total carbon emission control target, stimulating the vitality of the unified carbon market, and promoting regional coordinated emission reduction.

Synergistic Paths of Reduced Pollution and Carbon Emissions Based on Different Power Demands in China

Nowadays, China is faced with two strategic tasks:improving ecological environmental quality and realizing carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Synergy to reduce pollution and carbon emissions has become an inevitable choice for the comprehensive green transition of economic and social development in China. The electric power sector will play an important role in the transition process. Based on different power demand scenarios, a multi-objective model was constructed to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality at a low cost, and the optimal path scheme of carbon emission reduction synergy was obtained. The results showed that under the premise of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as scheduled, pollution reduction and carbon reduction had good synergies, and their synergistic control could effectively facilitate the realization of the low-carbon transition. Optimizing the power generation structure of the electric power sector was the key measure to achieving the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. During the study period, the proportion of thermal power decreased continuously, and the proportion of clean power exceeded 92.5%. The emissions of carbon dioxide and major air pollutants were significantly different under different power demands. Carbon dioxide emissions were most affected by power demand. The peak carbon dioxide emissions under low power demand, medium power demand, and high power demand were 9.416 billion, 10.409 billion, and 10.746 billion t, respectively. The emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter also showed an increasing trend in the low power demand, medium power demand, and high power demand scenarios. The increase in power demand only increased the pressure of power generation structure adjustment within the electric power sector, without affecting the output and activity level of other sectors, that is, the pressure of emission reduction in the electric power sector caused by power demand did not show the trend of transmission between sectors.

Integrated energy carbon emission monitoring and digital management system for smart cities

In recent years, although China’s economy has continued to grow, the environmental impact is greatly affected by the use of primary energy, such as global warming, which has become more and more serious. Under the background of energy conservation and emission reduction, China’s emission reduction pressure is very great. In this paper, an online monitoring system for carbon emissions is developed for real-time monitoring of carbon emissions, and the ant colony algorithm is used to perform multi-objective optimization based on “construction period-cost-carbon emissions.” Through the organic integration of wireless sensors, communication networks, cloud servers, and mobile devices, a real-time monitoring system for carbon emissions has been developed, which can monitor and visualize the carbon emissions generated by major machinery on site in real time. At the same time, the resource consumption of each process in different modes is sorted out, and the multi-objective optimization problem of “construction period-cost-carbon emission” is designed to seek the optimal solution by combining the multi-objective optimization theory. In this paper, the developed real-time monitoring system is applied in the actual field, the stability and practicability of the system are verified, and the process-related data is obtained by combining the monitoring system and field investigation. The experimental results show that the relative deviations of the two units are consistent, fluctuating between 0.54% and 6.14%, and the overall deviations are 3.61% and 3.63%, respectively. Therefore, the online carbon emission monitoring system has stable data and high accuracy. By comparing the data trends of the online monitoring method and the emission factor method, it is found that the two trends are consistent, which verifies the applicability of the online monitoring method in the field of carbon emission monitoring.

Grasp the nettle or retreat: Dynamic effects decomposition of carbon trading policies from a spatial perspective

Under the emission reduction pressure of carbon trading policies (CTP), green innovation (GI) and pollution transfer (PT) are both viable options for meeting emission reduction targets. However, the current research has not systematically considered whether GI and PT coexist or whether there are differences in long-term and short-term dynamic decision making. It is crucial to investigate the dynamic effect of CTP on GI and PT. Taking China's CTP as the quasi-natural experiment, and based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2006 to 2019, this study evaluated decomposed the dynamic effects of CTP on GI and PT using a dynamic spatial difference-in-differences (DSDID) model. The results indicate that, (1) after the CTP promulgation, regional GI increased significantly, accompanied by a more obvious improvement in GI level in pilot areas than in non-pilot areas. The PT in the adjacent areas grew faster than PT in the pilot areas. (2) The CTP had significant long-term direct incentive and spatial spillover effects on GI, but also led to a short-term PT under the “pollution haven effect”. After a series of robustness tests, the dynamic effects were still significant. (3) The “competition for innovation (IC)” significantly enhanced the CTP incentive effect on GI under a siphoning effect, and the “competition for economic (EC)” intensified the PT effect caused by CTP because of collective irrational behavior. (4) In the strong GI capacity areas, the incentive effect of CTP on GI was higher than that in weak GI capacity areas, and the effect on PT was more significant. The mixed quota form driving effect on GI was greater than the free quota form, the free quota form had no significant PT effect on neighboring areas, while the mixed quota form led to a greater PT effect. Based on these findings, further put forward to improve the national carbon trading mechanism and market standards; construct a long-term GI incentive mechanism; account for the differences in local policies and regional joint actions on emissions reductions; construct a local government assessment and supervision mechanisms, which provides policy basis for promoting the “dual carbon” goal.

Analyzing the development of competition and cooperation among ocean carriers considering the impact of carbon tax policy

Due to emission reduction pressure and supply chain changes, this paper analyzes the development trend of the marine supply chain based on the competition and cooperation incentives of carriers, considering the impact of the government’s carbon tax policy. We consider multi-stage Stackelberg games with different power structures consisting of a government, hub port, and two carriers. Equilibrium solutions for different power structures show that carriers tend to build alliance and compete with the port for leadership. Higher bargaining power is the dominant choice for all companies, and neither the port nor carrier alliance accepts the other as the leader. Thus, they compromise on equal bargaining. To resolve the conflicting interests of stakeholders, we examine the reasons for revenue-sharing and cost-sharing contracts that cannot coordinate the marine supply chain, and redesign the subsidy and revenue-sharing contracts. Higher subsidies and revenue-sharing proportions can make carriers give up competing for leadership, or even forming an alliance. The contract provides a new solution for companies’ strategic decision-making beyond equal bargaining. Numerical analyses suggest that although the contract weakens the effect of the carbon tax, promoting deeper cooperation between companies is a better option for the government. Finally, we verify the reasons for the failure of the carbon tax policy after the government failed to consider the market environment, and summarize the development direction of the marine supply chain under a reasonable carbon tax to provide management insights for stakeholders. Further, the model is extended to prove the validity and robustness of recommendations to the government and companies. New incentives are provided for companies’ integrates cooperation.

The influencing factors and mechanisms of the willingness of enterprises to reduce the demand for carbon sequestration reduction by forestry carbon sinks under the "double carbon" goal

In the face of unprecedented emission reduction pressure, enterprises urgently need to find effective ways to reduce emissions, and the forestry carbon sink through the use of market mechanisms to control carbon emissions pilot model has been highly concerned by enterprises and academia.This paper takes a number of external factors that drive enterprises to choose forestry carbon sinks as the research object, deeply analyzes the interaction logic and mechanism of interaction between them, reveals the "black box" of enterprises to choose the driving mechanism of forestry carbon sink emission reduction, and puts forward relevant management suggestions for promoting enterprises to choose forestry carbon sink emission reduction and realize the value of forestry carbon sinks.

Allocation of provincial carbon emission allowances under China's 2030 carbon peak target: A dynamic multi-criteria decision analysis method

To balance China's socio-economic development and emission reduction goals, a fair and effective provincial carbon emission allowance (CEA) allocation is necessary. By considering the implied emissions of inter-provincial power transfer, this study designed a dynamic multi-criteria CEA allocation model based on four criteria-egalitarianism, historical responsibility, emission reduction capability, and emission efficiency-to calculate the provincial CEA year by year before 2030. The efficiency and fairness of the CEA scheme were evaluated through the Data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, the environmental Gini coefficient, and its grouped decomposition method. The national overall CEA, the results revealed, will peak during the 15th Five-Year Plan (FYP) period. Specifically, the CEA for eastern and central China is expected to peak first during the 14th FYP period, while the northeast region's CEA remains stable and that of the western region continues to grow. Provinces with high carbon emissions, high carbon emission intensity and high per capita carbon emissions and provinces with particularly high carbon emissions will face great pressure regarding emission reduction, and their CEA peaks are expected to arrive before 2025 and 2030 respectively. The CEA of the less-developed provinces will have a surplus. In terms of time, the high-emission provinces face greater emission reduction pressure during the 15th FYP period than during the 14th FYP period. In terms of scheme evaluation, the scheme achieved a double improvement in fairness and efficiency compared with the current actual emissions of various provinces. Reducing the differences in per capita CEA between the different regions and provinces in the western and eastern regions will help improve the scheme's fairness. This study overcomes the existing researches' shortcomings on the large differences in the distribution of emission reduction pressures in key provinces and is more feasible in practice.

Research on renewable energy consumption and emission reduction in power market based on bi-level decision making in China

Because of the commitment of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, the power market, main based on thermal power, is under the policy's dual action of consumption pressure and CO2 emission reduction pressure. Therefore, renewable portfolio standard and green certificate trading policy are implemented. Based on the comparison of consumption pressure and emission reduction pressure, this study uses game theory to construct a bi-level decision-making model with the government and power plants as the main body, considering the maximization of social welfare, the upper and lower bounds of the green certificate trading market are deduced. The quotation of power plants in different scenarios and the participation of the green certificate trading market and carbon trading market decision making are simulated. The simulation results show: (1) Based on the current situation of power market, there is an optimal renewable portfolio standard to maximize social welfare. (2) The reasonable coexistence of renewable portfolio standard policy and carbon emissions trading policy will help power plants actively participate in the green certificate market and carbon market trading under rational decision-making, optimize the power supply structure, achieve high-quality electricity development, and realize the overall carbon emission reduction target.

Sustainable offshore oil and gas fields development: Techno-economic feasibility analysis of wind–hydrogen–natural gas nexus

Offshore oil and gas field development consumes quantities of electricity, which is usually provided by gas turbines. In order to alleviate the emission reduction pressure and the increasing pressure of energy saving, governments of the world have been promoting the reform of oil and gas fields for years. Nowadays, environmentally friendly alternatives to provide electricity are hotspots, such as the integration of traditional energy and renewable energy. However, the determination of system with great environmental and economic benefits is still controversial. This paper proposed a wind–hydrogen–natural gas nexus (WHNGN) system for sustainable offshore oil and gas fields development. Combining the optimization model with the techno-economic evaluation model, a comprehensive evaluation framework is established for techno-economic feasibility analysis. In addition to WHNGN system, another two systems are designed for comparison, including the traditional energy supply (TES) system and wind–natural gas nexus (WNGN) system. An offshore production platforms in Bohai Bay in China is taken as a case, and the results indicate that: (i) WNGN and WHNGN systems have significant economic benefits, total investment is decreased by 5,190 and 5,020 million $ respectively, and the WHNGN system increases 4,174 million $ profit; (ii) WNGN and WHNGN systems have significant environmental benefits, annual carbon emission is decreased by 15 and 40.2 million kg respectively; (iii) the system can be ranked by economic benefits as follows: WHNGN>WNGN>TES; and (iV) the WHNGN system is more advantageous in areas with high hydrogen and natural gas sales prices, such as China, Kazakhstan, Turkey, India, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Study on the feasibility and co-combustion mechanism of mixed injection of biomass hydrochar and anthracite in blast furnace

Under the energy saving and emission reduction pressure, biomass has attracted much attention from metallurgical workers because of the renewability and zero CO2 emission characteristics. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of biomass residue hydrochar (BRC) and Yangjing pingding anthracite (YAC) were systematically studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the combustion characteristics and mechanism of biomass residue (BR), BRC, YAC, and the mixtures of BRC and YAC were studied by thermogravimetric analysis experiments. The results show that BR has a high volatile content of 82.26% and contains a large amount of alkali metals, but BRC has a low alkali metal content. The carbon atom sequence degree and graphitization degree of BRC are lower than that of YAC. The BRC particles also have a well-developed pore structure, and the reactivity of BRC is higher than that of YAC. The addition of BRC to YAC can improve the combustion performance of YAC. There is an obvious synergistic effect in the combustion process of the mixed sample. The kinetic model was used to fit the combustion reaction, and it was found that the random pore model (RPM) showed a more accurate fitting result. When the ratio of BRC is 60%, the activation energy of the mixed sample is 38.5 kJ/mol, which has superior combustion characteristics in raceway of blast furnace.

Two-step allocation of CO2 emission quotas in China based on multi-principles: Going regional to provincial

In order to ensure the implementation of the emission trading scheme (ETS), the allocation of CO2 emission quotas in China’s provinces is of significant importance. Unlike previous studies that allocated CO2 emission quotas directly to Chinese provinces, we propose a two-step allocation scheme of “country to region” and “region to province” to formulate the provincial CO2 emission quotas allocation. In the first step, considering the regional coordination development, the Shapley value method is used to assign the CO2 emission quotas to China’s eastern, central, and western regions by simulating the regional collaborative abatement. In the second step, we use the entropy method to obtain the initial CO2 emission quotas for each province combining the principles of fairness, efficiency, feasibility, and sustainability. Then, a zero-sum gains data envelopment analysis (ZSG-DEA) model is applied to evaluate initial allocation efficiency and reallocate the CO2 emission quotas to realize efficiency optimization within the region. The results show that the eastern region obtains the largest CO2 emission quotas, followed by central and western regions. The energy-abundant and economic-prosperous provinces, such as Shandong, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang, face great pressures on CO2 reduction. Compared with existing literature, the proposed scheme’s regional allocation results are more balanced, which will narrow the gaps of regional economic development. Since the emission reduction pressure varies in provinces, developing differentiated policies is critical to realizing China’s reduction targets. By considering regional fairness, this paper provides a reference for allocating CO2 emission quota among provinces to improve adaptability to the current conditions of China.

Emission reduction and foreign direct investment nexus in China

This paper employs a difference-in-difference-in-difference approach to examine the emission reduction and foreign direct investment nexus in China. It combines a firm-level dataset with emission reduction target statistics at city-level. The findings indicate that stringent environmental regulation is associated with the fall of the output of foreign firms in general and the shrinking of pollution-intensive industries in cities with heavy emission reduction pressure in particular. It is also shown that the location choice of foreign investment changes as emission reduction targets at city-level vary. Finally it is found that environmental regulation helps improve the structure of foreign direct investment and hence contributes to industrial upgrading in the economy.

Interpretation of Economic Growth and Water Pollution Intsity Based on EKC model

Based on the extended Environmental Kuznets model (EKC) and the spatial econometric method, this paper analyzes the emission intensity data of water pollution of Chinese provinces and cities from 2004 to 2018 to identify the key factors that could result in water pollution by different periods of time and by different regions as well as to initiate discussions over potential policies to be taken in the future. The results have two implications: on the one hand, water pollution is highly spatially correlated among different Chinese regions and the economic growth indicators such as GDP per capita and the number of lights show an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship with the intensity of water pollution emissions. As water pollution demonstrates both leakage effect and spillover effect, it is important to strengthen the implementation strategy featuring comprehensive planning and joint prevention and control. This paper also locates the performance of each region on the EKC curve. As demonstrated in the results, Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin have become the first ones to manage to cross the inflection point and maintain at this level. Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and other eastern coastal areas are situated in the peak of the EKC curve, with enormous emission reduction pressure. Most of the provinces in the central region are located at the left side of the peak, and are suffering from serious water pollution resulted from rapid economic growth. Meanwhile, the intensity of water pollution in the western region of China is increasing rapidly. It is integral to seize the opportunity of supply-side reform to speed up the industrial restructuring, and try not to repeat the old lesson of treatment after pollution. In conclusion, it is suggested that governments at all levels should formulate and customize their policies based on their location on the EKC curve, so as to achieve positive dynamics between economic growth and water pollution control.

Research on the dynamic linkage among the carbon emission trading, energy and capital markets

Facing the huge pressure of emission reduction, China officially launched a national carbon emission trading system at the end of 2017. The power industry is an important breakthrough in the construction of China's carbon emission trading system. To push the optimization of the power structure through carbon constraint is the necessary path to promote the transformation of the power industry from fossil energy to clean and low-carbon energy. From the perspective of power consumption, this paper constructs the linkage mechanism model of China's carbon emission trading market, energy market and capital market and applies the DCC-MVGARCH model to analyze the dynamic linkage mechanism of the three markets. The results show that the price fluctuation of the yield series of products in each market has clustering characteristics, and the dynamic correlation has significant time-varying characteristics and persistent characteristics. The dynamic conditional correlation between the carbon emission trading market and the oil market and between the carbon emission trading market and the natural gas market are basically consistent. The dynamic correlation coefficient between the carbon emission trading market and the capital market is negative, which is related to the unreasonable quota setting in China's carbon emission market. On the basis of empirical analysis, the optimal balance weight and the optimal hedging ratio of each asset are determined.

Research on Key Technologies of Intelligent Energy Gateway Based on Fog Computing Technology

The global low-carbon emission reduction pressure increases, the development of new energy technology and the new generation of information and communication technology starts to change the energy consumption pattern. Integrated energy services are getting more and more attention. For this reason, a intelligent energy gateway design method based on fog computing technology is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the construction concept of comprehensive energy internet platform is put forward, and the construction goal, architecture and function of the platform are expounded. Secondly, the key technologies of intelligent energy gateway under the framework of fog computing are summarized, which provides a feasible scheme for the design of integrated energy internet platform. Finally, the design results of integrated energy gateway software and hardware parts are given. The rationality and effectiveness of the scheme under the framework of fog computing are proved.